Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *čirxna < *kiršna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kiršnas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”). Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas (“black (about a horse)”), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇá, “black; dark”), Persian کرسنه (“dirty”).
Adjective
- black (the darkest color)
- čь̀rnъ:
- Antonym: *bě̃lъ
- dark (color close to black)
- Synonym: *tьmь̀nъ
- Antonyms: *ě̀snъ, *světьlъ, *jarъkъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rna àgoda ― whortleberry, Vaccinium myrtillus
- *čь̀rna vodà ― deep water
- *čь̀rnъ lě̑sъ ― black, deep forest
- *čь̀rna gorà ― dark mountain, hill
- *čь̀rna nòťь ― dark night
- *čь̀rnъ xlě̀bъ ― wholemeal bread
- *čь̀rna jьstъbà ― dark room with a hearth
- dirty
- → (figuratively) bad, evil
- Synonym: *zъlъ
- Antonyms: *dòbrъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rnъ bȍgъ ― bad luck
- → (figuratively) sad
- → (figuratively) unfortunate, unhappy
- Synonym: *nesъčęstьlivъ
- Antonym: *sъčęstьlivъ
- *čь̀rnъ dь̏nь ― unlucky day
- *čь̀rna bolestь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna nemoťь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna sъmьrtь ― severe infectious disease
Declension
Indefinite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rno |
| genitive | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| dative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rnu |
| accusative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnǫ | *čь̀rno |
| instrumental | *čь̀rnomь | *čь̀rnojǫ | *čь̀rnomь |
| locative | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| vocative | *čь̀rne | *čь̀rno | *čь̀rno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| genitive | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| dative | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| accusative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| instrumental | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| locative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| vocative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| genitive | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ |
| dative | *čь̀rnomъ | *čь̀rnamъ | *čь̀rnomъ |
| accusative | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| instrumental | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rnami | *čь̀rny |
| locative | *čь̀rněxъ | *čь̀rnaxъ | *čь̀rněxъ |
| vocative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
Definite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| genitive | *čь̀rnajego | *čь̀rnyję̇ | *čь̀rnajego |
| dative | *čь̀rnujemu | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnujemu |
| accusative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnoje |
| instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimь | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnyjimь |
| locative | *čь̀rnějemь | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnějemь |
| vocative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| genitive | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| dative | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| accusative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| instrumental | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| locative | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| vocative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję̇ | *čь̀rnaja |
| genitive | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ |
| dative | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ |
| accusative | *čь̀rnyję̇ | *čь̀rnyję̇ | *čь̀rnaja |
| instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi |
| locative | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ |
| vocative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję̇ | *čь̀rnaja |
Derived terms
nouns
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ |
*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ |
*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “черный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “черный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 383
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
- https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Черный/
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (b) ‘black’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “čьrnъ čьrna čьrno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b black (NA 125, 142; SA 108, 146, 172, 199; PR 136)”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čŕ̥nъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 240