User:Tropylium/List of Proto-Indo-European roots by distribution

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Proto-Indo-Hittite roots

Roots with reflexes attested from the Anatolian languages.

Root Meaning Anat. Toch. Celt. Ital. Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr. Ir. Ind.
*péh₂wr̥ bonfire
*pénkʷe five
*pers- dust
*pṓds foot
*prih₁-mó- / *prō-to- foremost (→ first)
*tréyes; *tri- three
*ḱat- battle
*ḱerh₂- horn
*ḱwṓ dog
*kerp- to pluck
*kwep- to boil
*kʷel-
*kʷékʷlo- *kʷol-o-
to turn
wheel
*kʷeyH- quiet ?
*kʷetwóres four √ 
*bʰenǵʰ- thick
*bʰer- to bear / carry
*bʰerǵʰ- fort
*bʰréh₂tēr brother
*dʰeh₁- to place, set, put
*dʰugh₂tḗr daughter
*dʰéǵʰōm earth

Unattested from Tocharian

Root Meaning Anat. Celt. Ital. Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr. Ir. Ind.
*peh₃- to drink
*pelh₂- flat
*persn-eh₂- heel
*peth₂- to fly
*pet- to open arms
*teḱs- to plait
*tep- warm
*ter- to cross over
*tewt-eh₂- tribe
*twéko- skin
*ḱḗr heart
*ku- (or *kus-) kiss ?
*-kʷe enclitic "and"

Indo-Tocharian roots

Root Meaning Toch. Celt. Ital. Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr. Ir. Ind.
*peg- breast
*peh₂- to protect
*pekʷ- to cook, become ripe
*ph₂tḗr father √ 
*preḱ- to ask; to pray
*psten- breast
*tark- to twist
*télpo- space
*temo- dark
*teng- to think
*ter- to shake; tremble
*túHs-ont- a massive number (→ thousand)
*ḱalh₂mo- reed
*ḱeh₂d- hate
*ḱers- to run
*ḱley- to lean
*ḱlew- to hear
*ḱm̥tóm hundred
*kob- to succeed
*kwas- to cough
*kʷreyh₂- to buy
*bʰel- light, bright
*bʰel- to bloom
*bʰer- brown, shining
*bʰlēyǵ- to shine
*bʰruH- brow
*bʰuH- to appear, become, rise up
*dʰeb- fat
*dʰegʷʰ- to burn
*dʰeyǵʰ- to mold
*dʰuh₂mós smoke
*dʰwer- door

Common Indo-European roots

Root Meaning Celt. Ital. Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr. Ir. Ind.
*peḱ- to pluck
*peḱu- cattle √ 
*pel- flour
*pel- gray √ 
*pent- road √ 
*perd- to fart
*perkʷu- oak √ 
*pes- penis
*pleḱ- to plait/braid
*pléw-mon- lung
*plus-; *psul-; *pusl-; *bʰlus- flea
*pórḱos farrow
*poymno- foam √ 
*pray- to like √ 
*pulh₂- hair
*teh₂w- to melt
*ténh₂us thin
*ter / *tero over; through
*ters- dry √ 
*teter- grouse
*tón-r̥- thunder
*ḱak- branch
*ḱas- gray  √
*ḱey- to lie; settle
*ḱel- warm
*ḱerberó- piebald
*ḱlowni- buttock
*ḱon- shell
*ḱubʰ- shoulder
*ḱórw-eh₂- crow
*kakka excrement ? ?
*kan- to sing
*kapro- goat
*kaput- head
*kayko- one-eyed
*ke(n)g- hook
*kóro- war
*krewH- blood
*kroksko- leg
*kwat- sour
*kʷrép-o- / *kʷr̥p-eh₂- body
*kʷr̥-mi- grub
*bʰeh₂go- beech
*bʰer- to boil √ 
*bʰewdʰ- to wake, rise up
*bʰudʰ-no-, *bʰudʰ-mn̥- bottom
*bʰuHgos- goat
*bʰérh₁ǵo- birch
*dʰeh₁(y)- to suck/suckle
*dʰergʰen- thorn
*dʰers- to dare
*dʰrewgʰ- to deceive
*bel- power, strength

West-Central Indo-European roots

Roots unattested from Anatolian, Tocharian and Indo-Iranian.

Root Meaning Celt. Ital. Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr.
*pel- skin
*pleh₂k- to hit
*tag- to touch
*treb- dwelling
*trewd- to press
*trosdo- thrush
*ḱiker- pea
*ḱlep- to steal
*ḱlew- clean
*kant- corner
*kat- cub
*kaylo- or *kóh₂ylu- whole
*ker- cornel
*klen- maple
*knid- louse
*kom with
*koyló- naked
*kóslo- hazel
*krem- onion
*krey- (? *ḱrey-) to move, to separate
*bʰabʰ-eh₂- bean
*bʰar-es- spelt
*bʰardʰ-eh₂- beard
*bʰey- bee ?
*bʰeres- lively
*bʰleh₁- to bleat
*bʰruH- beam, bridge
*bak- staff
*dʰal- to blossom
*dʰel- light
*dʰewb- deep
*dʰrey- to defecate

East-Central Indo-European roots

Roots unattested from Anatolian, Tocharian, Celtic and Italic.

Root Meaning Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr. Ir. Ind.
*perḱ- rib
*pisd-eh₂- vulva
*prew- to jump
*puHr- wheat
*ḱerh₂- to mix
*ḱwen- holy
*ked- to fume
*kenk- kneecap
*ksweyd- milk

Central Indo-European roots

Roots unattested from Anatolian, Tocharian, Celtic, Italic, and Indo-Iranian.

Root Meaning Germ. Balt. Slav. Alb. Arm. Gr.
*pnew- to breathe
*ḱermus- cherry
*ḱewh₁ro- north wind
*ḱóyno- grass
*keHro- wax
*kel- glue
*bʰosós naked
*bʰred- to wade
*dʰǵʰu- fish

Areal roots

"West Centum" roots

Roots attested only in Germanic, Celtic and/or Italic.

Northwestern Indo-European roots

Roots attested only in Germanic and Balto-Slavic.

Root Gloss Germ. Balt. Slav.
*bʰerǵʰ- to hide, protect

Indo-Greek roots

Roots attested only in Greek, Armenian, and/or Indo-Iranian.

Root Gloss Gr. Arm. Ir. Ind.
*kal- handsome

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