From French allez, from French aller (“go”).
aller
aller
A suppletive verb; Latin vadere supplies the present tense, while īre supplies the future and conditional. The all- forms derive from Middle French aller, from Old French aler (with subjunctive aill- and other forms with all-), from Early Medieval Latin alāre (attested in the Reichenau Glosses), further origin is obscure, although it was traditionally explained being derived from Latin ambulāre (see below). Cognates include Franco-Provençal allar and Friulian lâ (“to go”).
Many explanations have been proposed for the etymology of this all- stem but none has met with a unanimous agreement among philologists. The all- stem has traditionally been explained as deriving from Latin ambulāre via or together with ambler (compare Old Occitan amblar, Italian ambiare, Romanian umbla), but this explanation is phonologically problematic; ambler is additionally more likely a borrowing from Old Occitan. Several theories have been put forth since the 17th century to explain how ambulāre could have become aller.
Since at least the 18th century, some have suggested that aller derives not from Latin but from Celtic, from Proto-Celtic zero grade *ɸal-. Compare Welsh elwyf (“I may go”), Cornish ellev (“I may go”), from full grade *ɸel- (see mynd for more).
Another theory was proposed in 1934 by E.F. Parker, suggesting that aller derives from Late Latin *allāre which would have been back-formed from allātum, past participle of afferre (“bring”). The idiomatic phrase allātum esse (“to be brought”) is recorded in Classical Latin with a meaning derivation from being brought to to have been to, in which the past participle *allātus would have been taken as meaning to go and would have then inspired a new infinitive *allāre.
aller
The verb aller has a unique and highly irregular conjugation. The second-person singular imperative va additionally combines with y to form vas-y instead of the expected va-y.
infinitive | simple | aller | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | allant /a.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | allé /a.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | vais /vɛ/ |
vas /va/ |
va /va/ |
allons /a.lɔ̃/ |
allez /a.le/ |
vont /vɔ̃/ |
imperfect | allais /a.lɛ/ |
allais /a.lɛ/ |
allait /a.lɛ/ |
allions /a.ljɔ̃/ |
alliez /a.lje/ |
allaient /a.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | allai /ale/ |
allas /ala/ |
alla /ala/ |
allâmes /alam/ |
allâtes /alat/ |
allèrent /alɛʁ/ | |
future | irai /i.ʁe/ |
iras /i.ʁa/ |
ira /i.ʁa/ |
irons /i.ʁɔ̃/ |
irez /i.ʁe/ |
iront /i.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | irais /i.ʁɛ/ |
irais /i.ʁɛ/ |
irait /i.ʁɛ/ |
irions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ |
iriez /i.ʁje/ |
iraient /i.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aille /aj/ |
ailles /aj/ |
aille /aj/ |
allions /a.ljɔ̃/ |
alliez /a.lje/ |
aillent /aj/ |
imperfect2 | allasse /alas/ |
allasses /alas/ |
allât /ala/ |
allassions /ala.sjɔ̃/ |
allassiez /ala.sje/ |
allassent /alas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | va /va/ |
— | allons /a.lɔ̃/ |
allez /a.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
aller m (plural allers)
aller
aller
From Old French aler.
aller
infinitive | simple | aller | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | estre + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | allant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of estre + past participle | ||||||
past participle | allé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | vays | vas | va | allons | allez | vont |
imperfect | allois | allois | alloit | allions | alliez | alloient | |
past historic | allai | allas | alla | allasmes | allastes | allerent | |
future | iroye, yroie | iras, yras | ira, yra | irons, yrons | irez, yrez | iront, yront | |
conditional | irois, yrois | irois, yrois | iroit, yroit | irions, yrions | iriez, yriez | iroient, yroient | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aille | ailles | aille | allions | alliez | aillent |
imperfect | allasse | allasses | allast | allassions | allassiez | allassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | va | — | allons | allez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180). |
From Old French aler, alier, from Vulgar Latin *alare (see French aller for further etymology).
Audio (Jersey) | (file) |
aller
aller
aller
aller
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular and it is suppletive. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | aller | estre allé | |||||
gerund | en allant | gerund of estre + past participle | |||||
present participle | allant | ||||||
past participle | allé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | vois, vai | vais, vas | vait, va | alons | alez | vont |
imperfect | alloie, alleie, alloe, alleve | alloies, alleies, alloes, alleves | alloit, alleit, allot, alleve | alliiens, alliens | alliiez, alliez | alloient, alleient, alloent, allevent | |
preterite | allai | allas | alla | allames | allastes | allerent | |
future | irai | iras | ira | irons | iroiz, ireiz, irez | iront | |
conditional | iroie, ireie | iroies, ireies | iroit, ireit | iriiens, iriens | iriiez, iriez | iroient, ireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | voise, aille, alge, auge | voises, ailles, alges, auges | voise, voist, aille, aut, algeṭ, auge | voisiens, voisons, alons, ailliens, aillons, algiens, aljons, augiens, aujons | voisiez, alez, ailliez, algiez, algez, augiez, augez | voisent, aillent, algent, augent |
imperfect | allasse | allasses | allast | allissons, allissiens | allissoiz, allissez, allissiez | allassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | vas, va | — | allons | allez | — |
aller
From Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aliʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare Swedish al, Saterland Frisian ällerboom), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle).
aller (plural allers)
aller
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
galler | aller | ngaller | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |