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U+4E26, 並
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26

CJK Unified Ideographs

U+FA70, 並
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots ( and ).
    • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of such as and are written using this form but not the character itself.
      • Additionally, the Kangxi Dictionary frequently used 𠀤, a variant of 並, but ironically not present.
    • This variant is also the 舊字形旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
    • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing. An Ideographic Variation Sequence also exists as U+4E26 U+E0101, producing 並󠄁.

Han character

(Kangxi radical 1, +7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 80102, composition or (U+4E26) or 𠃊𠃎(U+FA70))

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 54
  • Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 246, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E26

Chinese

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

𡘋
𠀤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

From the clerical script (隸書) of (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • bêng - literary;
  • piâng - vernacular.
Note:
  • pia5/pie5/piann5 - vernacular;
  • bing4 - literary.
Note:
  • “than; to compete; the most”:
    • pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
    • pěng (Quanzhou);
    • phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
  • other senses:
    • pēng.
Note:
  • bong6 - vernacular;
  • bêng6 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (3)
Final () (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter bengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/beŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/beŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/bɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bɛjŋX/
Li
Rong
/beŋX/
Wang
Li
/bieŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/bʱieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bing6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ bengX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ˁeŋʔ/
English side by side, together

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 964
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*beːŋʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to be side by side; to be in a row
      ―  bìngcún  ―  to coexist
  2. simultaneously; at the same time
  3. Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
      ―  bìngfēi  ―  in fact is not
    沒有
    没有
    bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō.
    I have not told them anything.
  4. and; moreover; furthermore
      ―  bìngqiě  ―  moreover
  5. (Southern Min) than
      ―  phēng lí khah hó   ―  better than you
  6. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with
  7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
    這個囡仔
    这个囡仔
    Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê.
    This kid likes to cry the most.
  8. () (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of (MC bengX)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of (to be near; approaching)

Further reading

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

As a variant of /:

As a variant of , and as in 同竝:

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
なみ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai)
並み

Noun

(なみ) (nami

  1. something medium, average, common, ordinary
  2. a row or line of things

Compounds

Suffix

(なみ) (-nami

  1. average, medium
  2. same as, on par with, equivalent to
    • 2025 July 20, Chunichi Shimbun, number 29679, page 1:
      政治家もアイドル並みに応援される時代か。
      Seijika mo aidoru nami ni ōen sareru jidai ka.
      Is this the era where politicians get fans' support like pop idols?

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 나란히 (naranhi byeong))

  1. hanja form? of (side by side, together, in order)

(eumhun 아우를 (aureul byeong))

  1. hanja form? of (combine, annex)

(eumhun (gyeot bang))

  1. hanja form? of (side, vicinity)

(eumhun 이름 (ttang ireum ban))

  1. hanja form? of (used in place names)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tịnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References