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印度. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
印度, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
印度 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
印度 you have here. The definition of the word
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Chinese
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stamp; seal; mark stamp; seal; mark; print; India (abbrev.)
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capacity; degree; standard
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trad. (印度)
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印
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度
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simp. #(印度)
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印
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度
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Chinese
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Etymology
A transcription of an exonym for India during the Tang dynasty.
Introduced by Xuanzang (a Chinese Buddhist monk who had travelled to India) in his book The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions , Xuanzang proposed that this “correct” name be used, in preference to the many other alternative names for India:
詳夫天竺之稱,異議糾紛,舊云身毒,或曰賢豆,今從正音,宜云印度。
详夫天竺之称,异议纠纷,旧云身毒,或曰贤豆,今从正音,宜云印度。 - From: Xuanzang, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, 646 CE
- Xiáng fú Tiānzhú zhī chēng, yìyì jiūfēn, jiù yún Juāndú, huò yuē Xiándòu, jīn cóng zhèngyīn, yí yún Yìndù.
- When looking closely at the names for India (in the records), one finds that there are many different versions: formerly it was called Juandu, or Xiandou; but now (we should) follow the correct pronunciation, and adopt the name Yindu.
This Tang-dynasty transcription reflected a source form of *In-du or *In-dak, although the source language is unclear. It is unlikely to be an endonym used by the Indians, who ― as Xuanzang described ― used the names of the local states. Later in the same passage, Xuanzang explained the name Yin-du as one of the many names for “Moon” (in India), evidently referring to the Sanskrit word इन्दु (indu, “Moon”). Xuanzang also explained that:
Although now deemed etymologically unsound, this was likely suggesting that the transcription Yin-du was a phono-semantic matching, to be interpreted literally as “trace (印 (yìn)) + transmigration (度)”.
The source language for this borrowing is unclear. The glottal-stop initial of the first syllable in this term is unusual; it is also reflected in 印特伽 (MC 'jinH dok gja), the Kuchean name for “India” recorded in Song Gaoseng Zhuan . On the basis of this, Wang et al. (2011: 8–9) proposed that Yin-du was borrowed from Tocharian B; compare Tocharian B yentuke (“Indian”), with a similar phonological shape.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): Yìndù
- (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Йиндў (Yindw, III-III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan3 dou6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin1 u5
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): Yin-thu
- (Hailu, HRS): rhangˇ tu˖
- (Meixian, Guangdong): yin4 tu4
- Eastern Min (BUC): Éng-dô
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing4 dou5
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): Ìn-tō͘
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ing3 dou7
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1in-du
Proper noun
印度
- India (a country in South Asia)
- 印度商人 ― Yìndù shāngrén ― Indian merchants
Synonyms
- (abbreviation) 印 (Yìn)
- (archaic) 天竺 (Tiānzhú), 㐖毒 (Xiédú)
- (obsolete) 身毒 (Juāndú), 賢豆/贤豆 (Xiándòu)
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology
The kanji are ateji (当て字) from Middle Chinese 印度 (MC 'jinH duH).
Proper noun
印度 • (Indo)
- dated spelling of インド (abbr. 印 (In))
Korean
Proper noun
印度 • (Indo) (hangeul 인도)
- hanja form? of 인도 (“India”)
Vietnamese
Proper noun
印度
- chữ Hán form of Ấn Độ (“India (a country in South Asia)”)