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恐懼. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
恐懼, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
恐懼 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
恐懼 you have here. The definition of the word
恐懼 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
恐懼, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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恐
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懼
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Reading #
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1/1
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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kǒng
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jù
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Middle Chinese
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‹ khjowngX ›
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‹ gjuH ›
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Old Chinese
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/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/
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/*ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
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English
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fear
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fear (v.)
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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恐
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懼
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Reading #
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1/2
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1/1
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No.
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4071
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7151
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Phonetic component
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工
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瞿
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Rime group
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東
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魚
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Rime subdivision
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0
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0
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Corresponding MC rime
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恐
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懼
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Old Chinese
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/*kʰoŋʔ/
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/*ɡʷas/
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Adjective
恐懼
- frightened; terrified; scared
Synonyms
- 刺促 (literary)
- 怖懼/怖惧 (bùjù) (literary)
- 恐慌 (kǒnghuāng)
- 惶恐 (huángkǒng)
- 慹/𰑔 (zhí)
- 遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
- 驚恐/惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
- 驚惶/惊惶 (jīnghuáng) (literary or Min Nan)
- 驚慌/惊慌 (jīnghuāng)
- 驚駭/惊骇 (jīnghài) (literary)
Verb
恐懼
- to fear
諸侯恐懼,會盟而弱秦。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
诸侯恐惧,会盟而弱秦。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zhūhóu kǒngjù, huìméng ér ruò Qín.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
林憶蓮首度談初戀男友 坦言不會恐懼再婚(組圖) [MSC, trad.]
林忆莲首度谈初恋男友 坦言不会恐惧再婚(组图) [MSC, simp.]- From: 2005, , 信息时报
- Lín Yìlián shǒudù tán chūliàn nányǒu, tǎnyán bùhuì kǒngjù zàihūn (zǔtú)
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
易卜生一直恐懼從高處向下或者從平地向深淵看 [MSC, trad.]
易卜生一直恐惧从高处向下或者从平地向深渊看 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2006, 林兆华心灵对话易卜生晚年作品《建筑大师》, 北京日报
- Yìbǔshēng yīzhí kǒngjù cóng gāochù xiàng xià huòzhě cóng píngdì xiàng shēnyuān kàn
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
使人恐懼死亡或重傷而進行勒索 [MSC, trad.]
使人恐惧死亡或重伤而进行勒索 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2019, 社媒流传警官涉勒索‧柔警展开调查, 星洲日报
- shǐ rén kǒngjù sǐwáng huò zhòngshāng ér jìnxíng lèsuǒ
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Synonyms
- 嚇/吓
- 害怕 (hàipà)
- 忌 (jì) (literary, or in compounds)
- 怕
- 怕懼/怕惧 (pàjù) (literary)
- 懼怕/惧怕 (jùpà)
- 深怕 (shēnpà)
- 生怕 (shēngpà)
- 生畏 (shēngwèi) (literary)
- 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
- 畏懼/畏惧 (wèijù)
- 驚/惊 (dialectal)
Noun
恐懼
- fear
數字13:古老恐懼變成現代浪漫 [MSC, trad.]
数字13:古老恐惧变成现代浪漫 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2004, 北京科技报
- shùzì 13: gǔlǎo kǒngjù biànchéng xiàndài làngmàn
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
我雖然非常好奇,但心中的恐懼卻在左右我的行為。 [MSC, trad.]
我虽然非常好奇,但心中的恐惧却在左右我的行为。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2018, 含羞草的约定, 联合早报
- Wǒ suīrán fēicháng hàoqí, dàn xīnzhōng de kǒngjù què zài zuǒyòu wǒ de xíngwéi.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
愛與求知,帶我打敗恐懼 [MSC, trad.]
爱与求知,带我打败恐惧 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2019, , 新浪健康
- ài yǔ qiúzhī, dài wǒ dǎbài kǒngjù
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
See also
Descendants
Japanese
Noun
恐懼 • (kyōku)
- being struck with awe
Verb
恐懼する • (kyōku suru) suru (stem 恐懼し (kyōku shi), past 恐懼した (kyōku shita))
- to be struck with awe
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
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Mizenkei ("imperfective")
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恐懼し
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きょうくし
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kyōku shi
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Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
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恐懼し
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きょうくし
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kyōku shi
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Shūshikei ("terminal")
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恐懼する
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きょうくする
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kyōku suru
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Rentaikei ("attributive")
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恐懼する
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きょうくする
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kyōku suru
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Kateikei ("hypothetical")
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恐懼すれ
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きょうくすれ
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kyōku sure
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Meireikei ("imperative")
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恐懼せよ¹ 恐懼しろ²
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きょうくせよ¹ きょうくしろ²
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kyōku seyo¹ kyōku shiro²
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Key constructions
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Passive
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恐懼される
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きょうくされる
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kyōku sareru
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Causative
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恐懼させる 恐懼さす
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きょうくさせる きょうくさす
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kyōku saseru kyōku sasu
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Potential
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恐懼できる
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きょうくできる
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kyōku dekiru
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Volitional
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恐懼しよう
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きょうくしよう
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kyōku shiyō
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Negative
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恐懼しない
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きょうくしない
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kyōku shinai
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Negative continuative
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恐懼せず
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きょうくせず
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kyōku sezu
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Formal
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恐懼します
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きょうくします
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kyōku shimasu
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Perfective
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恐懼した
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きょうくした
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kyōku shita
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Conjunctive
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恐懼して
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きょうくして
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kyōku shite
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Hypothetical conditional
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恐懼すれば
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きょうくすれば
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kyōku sureba
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¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
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