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Pictogram (象形) – a small stool viewed from the side. The original version was 𠀃, in which the horizontal stroke at the bottom represents the floor and/or the ground.
See also the bottom component of 其, 真, and 典, in which 八 is the stylization of the legs of a table.
Unrelated to 鉛, in which the top component is a stylization of 八, representing stagnant water. Also unrelated to 朵, 凡, and 殳.
In going to take counsel with an elder, one must carry a stool and a staff with him (for the elder's use). When the elder asks a question, to reply without acknowledging one's incompetency and (trying to) decline answering, is contrary to propriety.
For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 人 (“man; person; people; a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of人).
Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of明).
Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 几 – see 𠘧 (“Refers to the wings of a bird in flight.; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of𠘧).