ἔχω

See also: έχω and ϝέχω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hékʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰeti, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀏 (o-ka) and 𐀁𐀐 (e-ke).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.kʰɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.kʰo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.xo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.xo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.xo/

Verb

ἔχω • (ékhō)

to have, possess, contain, own
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 1295
- 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 596
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, For Phormio 41
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 12
- 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 57
- 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 30
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 997
- 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 405
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 240
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.22
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.130
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.197
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.336
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.386
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.116
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 157
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 663
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1618
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.6
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.6.33
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 191
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 77
1. to keep, have charge of
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Evergus and Mnesibulus 45
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.13
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.749
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.393
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.1
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.471
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.515
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.271
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.10
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.22
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.737
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.302
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 564
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.3.7
2. (with accusative of place) to inhabit
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 24
  - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 4
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.890
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.267
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.123
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.177
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.46
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 37
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.74
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.107
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.1.15
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 5.12
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.3.24
3. (of place) to keep (to the left/right) of
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.42
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.171
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.277
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.106
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.2.2
4. to possess mentally, understand
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 582
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 490
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 733
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1193
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 51
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 778
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 770
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.476
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 154a
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 311
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 789
5. to involve, admit of
  - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 44
  - 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 244
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Eratosthenes 31
  - 1 CE – 100 CE, Onasander, Strategikos 1.15
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.5
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.41
to hold
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 517
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 746
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.509
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.209
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.200
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.600
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.136
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.107
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 373
1. to hold fast, grip
  - 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 571
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 388
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1047
  - 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 469
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.154
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.763
2. (of arms and clothes) to bear, wear
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 49
  - 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 554
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.17
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.376
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.538
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.24
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.573
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.231
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.26
3. (of a woman) to be pregnant
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1335b.18
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.32
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.41
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Epidemics 1.26
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Epidemics 4.21
4. to hold a course, guide, drive, steer
  - 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 188
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1181
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 360
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.95
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.40
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 352
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 445
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.263
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.569
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.752
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.139
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.378
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.422
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.871
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.182
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.279
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 600c
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 191
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 720
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 305
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1119
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 272
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.25
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.29
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.129
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.19
5. to hold back, stay, check
  - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 284
  - 1 CE – 100 CE, Aretaeus, De Curatione Acutorum Morborum 2.5
  - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 272
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 660
  - 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1159
  - 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 9 93
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.302
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.820
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.712
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.720
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.451
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.445
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.191
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.502
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.70
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 232
(with infinitive) to have means to do, to be able
- 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 614
- 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 1452
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.217
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.110
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.354
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.281
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.364
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1379
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1047
1. to have to, must
  - Astrampsychus, Oracles p.5
  - 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 12:50
  - 234 CE – 305 CE, Porphyry, Against the Christians 63
2. (followed by a dependent clause) to know
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 905
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 130
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 270
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1710
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 705
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.24
(impersonal) there is
(intransitive) to hold oneself, keep balanced
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 793
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 26
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.42
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.492
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.433
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.679
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.27
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.494
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 399e
- 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 460a
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 349e
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1169
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.81
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 10.10
1. to hold fast
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.740
2. (with genitive) to keep from
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.112
3. to be
  - 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 88
  - 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 238
  - 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1226
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.91
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.128
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.39
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.435
4. (with adverbs of manner) to be, to happen
  - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 610
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 110
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 854
  - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, First Olynthiac 9
  - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 45
  - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 63
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 45
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.114
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.16
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.27
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.245
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 39b
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 684
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 981
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 639
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1336
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.134
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.30
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.2.10
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.1.30
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.8.7
5. (with εὖ and genitive of manner) to be well off for something; to abound in it
  - 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 313
  - 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 857
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 462
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.32
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.20
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.116
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.109
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.59
  - 362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 4.11
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 404d
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 456d
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 571d
  - ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 5.108
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 345
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.22
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.56
6. (post-Homeric, with aorist participle) to keep (doing something)
  - 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 853
  - 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 1151
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 509
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 473
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 852
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1072b.23
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 35
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Icaromenippus 24
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 295c
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 490e
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 14.8
(middle voice) to hold oneself fast, cling closely to
- 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 98
- 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 101
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 40
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.513
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.329
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.429
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.435
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.433
1. to come next to, follow closely, neighbour
  - 400 BCE – 300 BCE, Aeneas Tacticus, How to Survive under Siege 11.3
  - 400 BCE – 300 BCE, Aeneas Tacticus, How to Survive under Siege 22.27
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.134
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.169
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Archidamus 29
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 494e
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.96
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.3
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.3.17
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.1.9
2. to depend
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.102
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.197
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.346
  1. to be connected with by etymology
    - 234 CE – 305 CE, Porphyry, On Abstinence 2.59
3. to pertain to
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.120
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.193
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.77
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.25
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.66
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 661b
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 319e
  - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 94b
4. to bear or hold for oneself
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.294
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.298
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.262
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.334
5. to maintain oneself, stand one's ground
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.126
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.501
  1. (with accusative) to repel from oneself
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.639
6. to keep oneself back, abstain from, refrain from
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.328
  - c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 174
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.85
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.169
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.98
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.84
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.129
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.379
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.416
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.422
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.316
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 891
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1387

Usage notes

The future ἕξω (héxō) is imperfective (meaning that it has the same aspect as the imperfect tense), with continuative aspect ("I will have") whereas σχήσω (skhḗsō) is perfective (meaning that it has the same aspect as the aorist), with an inchoative aspect ("I will get"). Aorist forms of stative verbs often have an inchoative meaning.

Inflection

Homer uses the poetic aorist ἔσχεθον rather than ἔσχον about half the time, and likewise in ἀνέχω, κατέχω, ὑπέχω, and ὑπερέχω.

Present: ἔχω, ἔχομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔχω	ἔχεις	ἔχει	ἔχετον	ἔχετον	ἔχομεν	ἔχετε	ἔχουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἔχω	ἔχῃς	ἔχῃ	ἔχητον	ἔχητον	ἔχωμεν	ἔχητε	ἔχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἔχοιμῐ	ἔχοις	ἔχοι	ἔχοιτον	ἐχοίτην	ἔχοιμεν	ἔχοιτε	ἔχοιεν
	imperative		ἔχε	ἐχέτω	ἔχετον	ἐχέτων		ἔχετε	ἐχόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔχομαι	ἔχῃ / ἔχει	ἔχεται	ἔχεσθον	ἔχεσθον	ἐχόμεθᾰ	ἔχεσθε	ἔχονται
	subjunctive	ἔχωμαι	ἔχῃ	ἔχηται	ἔχησθον	ἔχησθον	ἐχώμεθᾰ	ἔχησθε	ἔχωνται
	optative	ἐχοίμην	ἔχοιο	ἔχοιτο	ἔχοισθον	ἐχοίσθην	ἐχοίμεθᾰ	ἔχοισθε	ἔχοιντο
	imperative		ἔχου	ἐχέσθω	ἔχεσθον	ἐχέσθων		ἔχεσθε	ἐχέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἔχειν				ἔχεσθαι
participle	m	ἔχων				ἐχόμενος
	f	ἔχουσᾰ				ἐχομένη
	n	ἔχον				ἐχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἔχω, ἔχομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔχω	ἔχεις	ἔχει	ἔχετον	ἔχετον	ἔχομεν	ἔχετε	ἔχουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἔχω, ἔχωμῐ	ἔχῃς, ἔχῃσθᾰ	ἔχῃ, ἔχῃσῐ	ἔχητον	ἔχητον	ἔχωμεν	ἔχητε	ἔχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἔχοιμῐ	ἔχοισ(θᾰ)	ἔχοι	ἔχοιτον	ἐχοίτην	ἔχοιμεν	ἔχοιτε	ἔχοιεν
	imperative		ἔχε	ἐχέτω	ἔχετον	ἐχέτων		ἔχετε	ἐχόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔχομαι	ἔχεαι	ἔχεται	ἔχεσθον	ἔχεσθον	ἐχόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἔχεσθε	ἔχονται
	subjunctive	ἔχωμαι	ἔχηαι	ἔχηται	ἔχησθον	ἔχησθον	ἐχώμε(σ)θᾰ	ἔχησθε	ἔχωνται
	optative	ἐχοίμην	ἔχοιο	ἔχοιτο	ἔχοισθον	ἐχοίσθην	ἐχοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἔχοισθε	ἐχοίᾰτο
	imperative		ἔχεο	ἐχέσθω	ἔχεσθον	ἐχέσθων		ἔχεσθε	ἐχέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἔχειν / ἐχέμεν(αι) / ἔχμεν(αι)				ἔχεσθαι
participle	m	ἔχων				ἐχόμενος
	f	ἔχουσᾰ				ἐχομένη
	n	ἔχον				ἐχόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: εἶχον, εἰχόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εἶχον	εἶχες	εἶχε(ν)	εἴχετον	εἰχέτην	εἴχομεν	εἴχετε	εἶχον
middle/ passive	indicative	εἰχόμην	εἴχου	εἴχετο	εἴχεσθον	εἰχέσθην	εἰχόμεθᾰ	εἴχεσθε	εἴχοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔχον, ἐχόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔχον	ἔχες	ἔχε(ν)	ἔχετον	ἐχέτην	ἔχομεν	ἔχετε	ἔχον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐχόμην	ἔχου	ἔχετο	ἔχεσθον	ἐχέσθην	ἐχόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἔχεσθε	ἔχοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔχεσκον, ἐχεσκόμην (Ionic, Poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔχεσκον	ἔχεσκες	ἔχεσκε(ν)	ἐχέσκετον	ἐχεσκέτην	ἐχέσκομεν	ἐχέσκετε	ἔχεσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐχεσκόμην	ἐχέσκου	ἐχέσκετο	ἐχέσκεσθον	ἐχεσκέσθην	ἐχεσκόμεθᾰ	ἐχέσκεσθε	ἐχέσκοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἕξω, ἕξομαι (imperfective)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἕξω	ἕξεις	ἕξει	ἕξετον	ἕξετον	ἕξομεν	ἕξετε	ἕξουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἕξοιμῐ	ἕξοις	ἕξοι	ἕξοιτον	ἑξοίτην	ἕξοιμεν	ἕξοιτε	ἕξοιεν
middle	indicative	ἕξομαι	ἕξῃ / ἕξει	ἕξεται	ἕξεσθον	ἕξεσθον	ἑξόμεθᾰ	ἕξεσθε	ἕξονται
middle	optative	ἑξοίμην	ἕξοιο	ἕξοιτο	ἕξοισθον	ἑξοίσθην	ἑξοίμεθᾰ	ἕξοισθε	ἕξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἕξειν			ἕξεσθαι
participle	m	ἕξων			ἑξόμενος
	f	ἕξουσᾰ			ἑξομένη
	n	ἕξον			ἑξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: σχήσω, σχήσομαι, σχεθήσομαι (aoristic; middle also used in passive sense)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	σχήσω	σχήσεις	σχήσει	σχήσετον	σχήσετον	σχήσομεν	σχήσετε	σχήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	σχήσοιμῐ	σχήσοις	σχήσοι	σχήσοιτον	σχησοίτην	σχήσοιμεν	σχήσοιτε	σχήσοιεν
middle	indicative	σχήσομαι	σχήσῃ / σχήσει	σχήσεται	σχήσεσθον	σχήσεσθον	σχησόμεθᾰ	σχήσεσθε	σχήσονται
middle	optative	σχησοίμην	σχήσοιο	σχήσοιτο	σχήσοισθον	σχησοίσθην	σχησοίμεθᾰ	σχήσοισθε	σχήσοιντο
passive	indicative	σχεθήσομαι	σχεθήσῃ	σχεθήσεται	σχεθήσεσθον	σχεθήσεσθον	σχεθησόμεθᾰ	σχεθήσεσθε	σχεθήσονται
passive	optative	σχεθησοίμην	σχεθήσοιο	σχεθήσοιτο	σχεθήσοισθον	σχεθησοίσθην	σχεθησοίμεθᾰ	σχεθήσοισθε	σχεθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		σχήσειν			σχήσεσθαι		σχεθήσεσθαι
participle	m	σχήσων			σχησόμενος		σχεθησόμενος
	f	σχήσουσᾰ			σχησομένη		σχεθησομένη
	n	σχῆσον			σχησόμενον		σχεθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔσχον, ἐσχόμην (middle used in passive sense)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔσχον	ἔσχες	ἔσχε(ν)	ἔσχετον	ἐσχέτην	ἔσχομεν	ἔσχετε	ἔσχον
	subjunctive	σχῶ	σχῇς	σχῇ	σχῆτον	σχῆτον	σχῶμεν	σχῆτε	σχῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	σχοίην	σχοίης	σχοίη	σχοῖτον, σχοίητον	σχοίτην, σχοιήτην	σχοῖμεν, σχοίημεν	σχοῖτε, σχοίητε	σχοῖεν, σχοίησαν
	imperative		σχές	σχέτω	σχέτον	σχέτων		σχέτε	σχόντων
middle	indicative	ἐσχόμην	ἔσχου	ἔσχετο	ἔσχεσθον	ἐσχέσθην	ἐσχόμεθᾰ	ἔσχεσθε	ἔσχοντο
	subjunctive	σχῶμαι	σχῇ	σχῆται	σχῆσθον	σχῆσθον	σχώμεθᾰ	σχῆσθε	σχῶνται
	optative	σχοίμην	σχοῖο	σχοῖτο	σχοῖσθον	σχοίσθην	σχοίμεθᾰ	σχοῖσθε	σχοῖντο
	imperative		σχοῦ	σχέσθω	σχέσθον	σχέσθων		σχέσθε	σχέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		σχεῖν			σχέσθαι
participle	m	σχών			σχόμενος
	f	σχοῦσᾰ			σχομένη
	n	σχόν			σχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔσχησᾰ, ἐσχησᾰ́μην, ἐσχέθην (late/Byzantine in active and middle)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔσχησᾰ	ἔσχησᾰς	ἔσχησε(ν)	ἐσχήσᾰτον	ἐσχησᾰ́την	ἐσχήσᾰμεν	ἐσχήσᾰτε	ἔσχησᾰν
	subjunctive	σχήσω	σχήσῃς	σχήσῃ	σχήσητον	σχήσητον	σχήσωμεν	σχήσητε	σχήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	σχήσαιμῐ	σχήσειᾰς / σχήσαις	σχήσειε(ν) / σχήσαι	σχήσαιτον	σχησαίτην	σχήσαιμεν	σχήσαιτε	σχήσειᾰν / σχήσαιεν
	imperative		σχῆσον	σχησᾰ́τω	σχήσᾰτον	σχησᾰ́των		σχήσᾰτε	σχησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐσχησᾰ́μην	ἐσχήσω	ἐσχήσᾰτο	ἐσχήσᾰσθον	ἐσχησᾰ́σθην	ἐσχησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐσχήσᾰσθε	ἐσχήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	σχήσωμαι	σχήσῃ	σχήσηται	σχήσησθον	σχήσησθον	σχησώμεθᾰ	σχήσησθε	σχήσωνται
	optative	σχησαίμην	σχήσαιο	σχήσαιτο	σχήσαισθον	σχησαίσθην	σχησαίμεθᾰ	σχήσαισθε	σχήσαιντο
	imperative		σχῆσαι	σχησᾰ́σθω	σχήσᾰσθον	σχησᾰ́σθων		σχήσᾰσθε	σχησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐσχέθην	ἐσχέθης	ἐσχέθη	ἐσχέθητον	ἐσχεθήτην	ἐσχέθημεν	ἐσχέθητε	ἐσχέθησᾰν
	subjunctive	σχεθῶ	σχεθῇς	σχεθῇ	σχεθῆτον	σχεθῆτον	σχεθῶμεν	σχεθῆτε	σχεθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	σχεθείην	σχεθείης	σχεθείη	σχεθεῖτον / σχεθείητον	σχεθείτην / σχεθειήτην	σχεθεῖμεν / σχεθείημεν	σχεθεῖτε / σχεθείητε	σχεθεῖεν / σχεθείησᾰν
	imperative		σχέθητῐ	σχεθήτω	σχέθητον	σχεθήτων		σχέθητε	σχεθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		σχῆσαι			σχήσᾰσθαι		σχεθῆναι
participle	m	σχήσᾱς			σχησᾰ́μενος		σχεθείς
	f	σχήσᾱσᾰ			σχησᾰμένη		σχεθεῖσᾰ
	n	σχῆσᾰν			σχησᾰ́μενον		σχεθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔσχεθον, ἐσχεθόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔσχεθον	ἔσχεθες	ἔσχεθε(ν)	ἐσχέθετον	ἐσχεθέτην	ἐσχέθομεν	ἐσχέθετε	ἔσχεθον
	subjunctive	σχέθω, σχέθωμῐ	σχέθῃς, σχέθῃσθᾰ	σχέθῃ, σχέθῃσῐ	σχέθητον	σχέθητον	σχέθωμεν	σχέθητε	σχέθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	σχέθοιμῐ	σχέθοις / σχέθοισθᾰ	σχέθοι	σχεθεῖτον	σχεθείτην	σχεθεῖμεν	σχεθεῖτε	σχεθεῖεν
	imperative		σχέθε	σχεθέτω	σχέθετον	σχεθέτων		σχέθετε	σχεθόντων
middle	indicative	ἐσχεθόμην	ἐσχέθεο	ἐσχέθετο	ἐσχέθεσθον	ἐσχεθέσθην	ἐσχεθόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐσχέθεσθε	ἐσχέθοντο
	subjunctive	σχέθωμαι	σχέθηαι	σχέθηται	σχέθησθον	σχέθησθον	σχεθώμε(σ)θᾰ	σχέθησθε	σχέθωνται
	optative	σχεθοίμην	σχέθοιο	σχέθοιτο	σχέθοισθον	σχεθοίσθην	σχεθοίμε(σ)θᾰ	σχέθοισθε	σχεθοίᾰτο
	imperative		σχέθεο	σχεθέσθω	σχέθεσθον	σχεθέσθων		σχέθεσθε	σχεθέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		σχεθέειν/σχεθέμεν(αι)			σχεθέσθαι
participle	m	σχεθών			σχεθόμενος
	f	σχεθοῦσᾰ			σχεθομένη
	n	σχεθόν			σχεθόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: σχέθον, σχεθόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	σχέθον	σχέθες	σχέθε(ν)	σχέθετον	σχεθέτην	σχέθομεν	σχέθετε	σχέθον
middle	indicative	σχεθόμην	σχέθεο	σχέθετο	σχέθεσθον	σχεθέσθην	σχεθόμε(σ)θᾰ	σχέθεσθε	σχέθοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἔσχηκᾰ, ἔσχημαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔσχηκᾰ	ἔσχηκᾰς	ἔσχηκε(ν)	ἐσχήκᾰτον	ἐσχήκᾰτον	ἐσχήκᾰμεν	ἐσχήκᾰτε	ἐσχήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐσχήκω	ἐσχήκῃς	ἐσχήκῃ	ἐσχήκητον	ἐσχήκητον	ἐσχήκωμεν	ἐσχήκητε	ἐσχήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐσχήκοιμῐ / ἐσχηκοίην	ἐσχήκοις / ἐσχηκοίης	ἐσχήκοι / ἐσχηκοίη	ἐσχήκοιτον	ἐσχηκοίτην	ἐσχήκοιμεν	ἐσχήκοιτε	ἐσχήκοιεν
	imperative		ἔσχηκε	ἐσχηκέτω	ἐσχήκετον	ἐσχηκέτων		ἐσχήκετε	ἐσχηκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔσχημαι	ἔσχησαι	ἔσχηται	ἔσχησθον	ἔσχησθον	ἐσχήμεθᾰ	ἔσχησθε	ἔσχηνται
	subjunctive	ἐσχημένος ὦ	ἐσχημένος ᾖς	ἐσχημένος ᾖ	ἐσχημένω ἦτον	ἐσχημένω ἦτον	ἐσχημένοι ὦμεν	ἐσχημένοι ἦτε	ἐσχημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐσχημένος εἴην	ἐσχημένος εἴης	ἐσχημένος εἴη	ἐσχημένω εἴητον / εἶτον	ἐσχημένω εἰήτην / εἴτην	ἐσχημένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν	ἐσχημένοι εἴητε / εἶτε	ἐσχημένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν
	imperative		ἔσχησο	ἐσχήσθω	ἔσχησθον	ἐσχήσθων		ἔσχησθε	ἐσχήσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐσχηκέναι				ἐσχῆσθαι
participle	m	ἐσχηκώς				ἐσχημένος
	f	ἐσχηκυῖᾰ				ἐσχημένη
	n	ἐσχηκός				ἐσχημένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀμπέχω (ampékhō)
ᾰ̓νέχω (ănékhō)
ἀντέχω (antékhō)
Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos)
ᾰ̓πέχω (ăpékhō)
δῐέχω (dĭékhō)
εἰσέχω (eisékhō)
ἐνέχω (enékhō)
ἐξέχω (exékhō)
ἐπέχω (epékhō)
εὐνοῦχος (eunoûkhos)
ἐχέγγυος (ekhénguos)
ἐχεδερμῐ́ᾱ (ekhedermĭ́ā)
ἐχέθῡμος (ekhéthūmos)
ἐχέκολλος (ekhékollos)
Ἐχεκράτης (Ekhekrátēs)
ἐχεκτέᾰνος (ekhektéănos)
Ἐχέμβροτος (Ekhémbrotos)
ἐχέμῡθος (ekhémūthos)
ἐχενηῐ̈́ς (ekhenēĭ̈́s)
ἐχεπευκής (ekhepeukḗs)
Ἐχέφρων (Ekhéphrōn)
ἐχέφρων (ekhéphrōn)
κᾰτέχω (kătékhō)
μετέχω (metékhō)
πᾰρέχω (părékhō)
περιέχω (periékhō)
προέχω (proékhō)
προσέχω (prosékhō)
σῠνέχω (sŭnékhō)
ῠ̔περέχω (hŭperékhō)
ῠ̔πέχω (hŭpékhō)

Related terms

ἄσχετος (áskhetos)
ἔγμᾰ (égmă)
ἑκτέος (hektéos)
ἑκτῐκός (hektĭkós)
Ἕκτωρ (Héktōr)
ἕξῐς (héxĭs)
ἐχέτης (ekhétēs)
ἐχέτλη (ekhétlē)
ἔχης (ékhēs)
ἔχησῐς (ékhēsĭs)
ἔχμᾰ (ékhmă)
ἐχῠρός (ekhŭrós)
ῐ̓́σχω (ĭ́skhō)
ὀχῠρός (okhŭrós)
σχέδην (skhédēn)
σχέδιο (skhédio)
σχεδόν (skhedón)
σχέδῠνος (skhédŭnos)
σχέσῐς (skhésĭs)
σχετέος (skhetéos)
σχετήρῐον (skhetḗrĭon)
σχετῐκός (skhetĭkós)
σχέτλιος (skhétlios)
σχῆμᾰ (skhêmă)
σχῆσῐς (skhêsĭs)
σχολή (skholḗ)

Descendants

Greek: έχω (écho)
Mariupol Greek: э́ху (éxu)

References

^ Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part IV: Syntax”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 1924

ἔχω