侈

侈 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人弓戈弓 (ONIN), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿰亻多)

• 𫪥, 𫽎, 𣔢, 𪵌, 𧩀, 𧳤, 𪷔, 𫒬, 𩳲, 𠝓, 𪂄, 𦰿, 㢋, 𧚤

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 583
• Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 151, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4F88

Historical forms of the character 侈
Small seal script s05845 Transcribed ancient scripts L13357 L13358 L13354 L13355 L13356
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰjalʔ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).

• Inside Sinitic, cognate with 哆 (OC *ʔl'aːlʔ), 移 (OC *lal), 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) (STEDT), as well as 㢋 (Hill (2019));
• Outside Sinitic, cognate with Burmese ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”), Mizo tai (“scatter, disperse”), Northern Qiang (ʁdʐə, “star”) (Mawo), Southern Qiang (χdʐe³³pe⁵⁵, “star”) (Taoping), etc. (ibid.).

侈

1. extravagant; wasteful; excessive; luxurious

   • 二十四年，春，刻其桷，皆非禮也。御孫諫曰：「臣聞之：『儉，德之共也；侈，惡之大也。』先君有共德，而君納諸大惡，無乃不可乎？」
     二十四年，春，刻其桷，皆非礼也。御孙谏曰：「臣闻之：『俭，德之共也；侈，恶之大也。』先君有共德，而君纳诸大恶，无乃不可乎？」

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

     Èrshísì nián, chūn, kè qí jué, jiē fēilǐ yě. Yùsūn jiàn yuē: “Chén wén zhī: ‘Jiǎn, dé zhī gòng yě; chǐ, è zhī dà yě.’ Xiānjūn yǒu gòngdé, ér jūn nà zhū dà'è, wú nǎi bùkě hū?”

     In the twenty-fourth year, in spring, the square pillars were carved: in both cases, this was not in accordance with ritual propriety. Yusun remonstrated: “I have heard: ‘Frugality is the most revered of virtues; profligacy is the greatest of evils.’ Our former ruler had revered virtue, but you led him into this greatest of evils. How on earth could this not be totally wrong?”

   • 不侈於後世，不靡於萬物，不暉於數度，以繩墨自矯，而備世之急，古之道術有在於是者。
     不侈于后世，不靡于万物，不晖于数度，以绳墨自矫，而备世之急，古之道术有在于是者。

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Bùchǐ yú hòushì, bùmǐ yú wànwù, bùhuī yú shùdù, yǐ shéngmò zìjiǎo, ér bèi shì zhī jí, gǔ zhī dàoshù yǒu zài yúshì zhě.

     To leave no example of extravagance to future generations; to show no wastefulness in the use of anything; to make no display in the degree of their (ceremonial) observances; to keep themselves (in their expenditure) under the restraint of strict and exact rule, so as to be prepared for occurring emergencies - such regulations formed part of the system of the Way in antiquity.

2. exaggerated; overstated

(Hyōgai kanji)

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• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: おごる (ogoru, 侈る)

侈 (eum 치 (chi))

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侈: Hán Nôm readings: xỉ, ẩy, xảy, xí, đứa, xẩy, xi

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• Nom Foundation