石油

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Chinese

rock; stone; 10 pecks oil; sly
simp. and trad.
(石油)
Literally: “rock oil”.

Etymology

First attested in 1086–1093, in Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays, where the oil was used as ink by the author:

不及延川是也大行石油至多無窮不若松木有時
不及延川是也大行石油至多无穷不若松木有时
From: c. 1088 CE, Shen Kuo, Dream Pool Essays
Hēi guāng rú qī, sōngmò bùjí yě, suì dà wéi zhī, qí zhì wén wéi “Yánchuān shí yè” zhě shìyě. Cǐ wù hòu bì dàxíng yú shì, zì yú shǐ wéi zhī. Gài shíyóu zhìduō, shēng yú dì zhōng wúqióng, bùruò sōngmù yǒushí ér jié.
The quality of this kind of ink stick is even better than the one made of pine soot. Hence such ink stick is manufactured in large quantities, “Yanzhou Stone Liquid” being the label carved on its surface. I am the first to make this kind of ink stick and I believe that it will one day become popular, because there is plenty of petroleum in the world gushing from the ground in a steady stream, contrary to the fact that pine trees may sometime be depleted.

Compare petroleum with a nearly identical word-formation.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial () (25) (36)
Final () (123) (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyek yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/ /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/ /juw/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/ /iu/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/ /jĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6 jau4

Noun

石油

  1. oil; petroleum
    石油鑽塔石油钻塔  ―  shíyóu zuàntǎ  ―  oil rig
    石油鑽台石油钻台  ―  shíyóu zuàntái  ―  oil rig
  2. (dated or dialectal) kerosene
  3. (Xiang, dated) petrol

Synonyms

  • (kerosene):
  • (petrol):

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (石油):
  • Japanese: (せき)() (sekiyu)
  • Korean: 석유(石油) (seogyu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
せき
Grade: 1

Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(せき)() (sekiyu

  1. oil, petroleum
  2. kerosene

Synonyms

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

石油 (seogyu) (hangeul 석유)

  1. hanja form? of 석유 (petroleum)