躊躇

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See also: 踌躇

Chinese

phonetic
trad. (躊躇) 躊 躇
simp. (踌躇) 踌 躇
alternative forms 躊躕／踌蹰

Etymology

Reduplication with the original form of *du da.

Cognate with 躑躅 (OC *deɡ doɡ), 踟躕 (OC *de do), 彳亍 (OC *tʰeɡ toɡs/tʰoɡ), all meaning "walking slowly or with difficulty > hesitant".

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 躊 躇
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 直由切 直魚切
Baxter drjuw drjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨu/ /ɖɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖiu/ /ɖiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiəu/ /ȡiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖuw/ /ɖɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ȡiu/ /ȡiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭəu/ /ȡĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯ə̯u/ /ȡʱi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chóu chú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cau4 cyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 躇
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chuò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trhjak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰrak/
English jump over, pass over

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 躊 躇
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11696 16997
Phonetic
component 		壽 者
Rime
group 		幽 魚
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		儔 除
Old
Chinese 		/*du/ /*da/

Verb

躊躇

  1. to walk back and forth
  2. to hesitate; to pause
    聽完了我的話，老師躊躇了一會兒，才發表他的意見。 [MSC, trad.]
    听完了我的话，老师踌躇了一会儿，才发表他的意见。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tīng wán le wǒ de huà, lǎoshī chóuchú le yīhuìr, cái fābiǎo tā de yìjiàn.
    After hearing me out, my teacher hesitated for a moment before stating his opinion.

Synonyms

  • (to walk back and forth):
  • (to hesitate):

Derived terms

Adjective

躊躇

  1. (literary) smug; complacent; self-satisfied

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (躊躇):

References

Japanese

Kanji in this term
躊 躇
ちゅう
Hyōgai 		ちょ
Hyōgai
kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 躊躇 (MC drjuw drjo).

Pronunciation

Noun

躊(ちゅう)躇(ちょ) • (chūcho) ←ちうちょ (tiutyo)?

  1. hesitation, indecision, wavering

Synonyms

Verb

躊(ちゅう)躇(ちょ)する • (chūcho suru) ←ちうちょ (tiutyo)?suru (stem 躊(ちゅう)躇(ちょ)し (chūcho shi), past 躊(ちゅう)躇(ちょ)した (chūcho shita))

  1. to hesitate, to be undecided, to waver

Conjugation

Conjugation of "躊躇する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 躊躇し ちゅうちょし chūcho shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 躊躇し ちゅうちょし chūcho shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 躊躇する ちゅうちょする chūcho suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 躊躇する ちゅうちょする chūcho suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 躊躇すれ ちゅうちょすれ chūcho sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 躊躇せよ¹
躊躇しろ² 		ちゅうちょせよ¹
ちゅうちょしろ² 		chūcho seyo¹
chūcho shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 躊躇される ちゅうちょされる chūcho sareru
Causative 躊躇させる
躊躇さす 		ちゅうちょさせる
ちゅうちょさす 		chūcho saseru
chūcho sasu
Potential 躊躇できる ちゅうちょできる chūcho dekiru
Volitional 躊躇しよう ちゅうちょしよう chūcho shiyō
Negative 躊躇しない ちゅうちょしない chūcho shinai
Negative continuative 躊躇せず ちゅうちょせず chūcho sezu
Formal 躊躇します ちゅうちょします chūcho shimasu
Perfective 躊躇した ちゅうちょした chūcho shita
Conjunctive 躊躇して ちゅうちょして chūcho shite
Hypothetical conditional 躊躇すれば ちゅうちょすれば chūcho sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
躊躇

Noun

躊躇 • (jujeo) (hangeul 주저)

  1. hanja form? of 주저 (“hesitation”)
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