拘
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Translingual
Han character
拘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手心口 (QPR), four-corner 57020, composition ⿰扌句)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 426, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11963
- Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1856, character 1
- Unihan data for U+62D8
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
拘 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 佝 抅 𢳉 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 拘 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jy1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jy1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
- Wade–Giles: chü1
- Yale: jyū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
- Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ju1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi1
- Yale: kēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey1
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: gî
- Hakka Romanization System: giˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi1
- Sinological IPA: /gi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
- Tâi-lô: ku
- Phofsit Daibuun: kw
- IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu
- Tâi-lô: khu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qw
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi
- Tâi-lô: khi
- Phofsit Daibuun: qy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ku1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kju
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ko/
Definitions
拘
- to arrest; to detain
- 拘留 ― jūliú ― to detain
- to restrain; to restrict; to constrain
- to be inflexible
- 拘泥 ― jūní ― to rigidly adhere to
- to limit
- 不拘一格 ― bùjūyīgé ― not limited to one type or style
- (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to be concerned about; to mind; to worry
- † to stop; to prevent
- † cramp; spasm
- † beat; meter
Compounds
- 不拘 (bùjū)
- 不拘一格 (bùjūyīgé)
- 不拘小節／不拘小节 (bùjūxiǎojié)
- 不拘細行／不拘细行
- 執拘／执拘
- 急張拘諸／急张拘诸
- 拘介
- 拘俗守常
- 拘倦
- 拘儒
- 拘兒／拘儿
- 拘刷
- 拘囿
- 拘執／拘执 (jūzhí)
- 拘守
- 拘局
- 拘役 (jūyì)
- 拘忌 (jūjì)
- 拘急
- 拘扣
- 拘押 (jūyā)
- 拘拘
- 拘拘儒儒
- 拘拘束束
- 拘拘縮縮／拘拘缩缩
- 拘拿 (jūná)
- 拘捕 (jūbǔ)
- 拘提
- 拘攣／拘挛
- 拘攣兒／拘挛儿
- 拘攣補衲／拘挛补衲
- 拘收
- 拘文牽俗／拘文牵俗
- 拘束 (jūshù)
- 拘板
- 拘檢／拘检
- 拘泥 (jūnì)
- 拘牽／拘牵
- 拘留 (jūliú)
- 拘留所 (jūliúsuǒ)
- 拘礙／拘碍
- 拘神遣將／拘神遣将
- 拘票
- 拘禁 (jūjìn)
- 拘禮／拘礼 (jūlǐ)
- 拘管
- 拘絆／拘绊
- 拘緊／拘紧
- 拘繫／拘系
- 拘謹／拘谨 (jūjǐn)
- 拘鉗／拘钳
- 拘限 (jūxiàn)
- 拘頭／拘头
- 放縱不拘／放纵不拘
- 無拘無束／无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
- 無束無拘／无束无拘
- 疏宕不拘
- 病不拘禮／病不拘礼
- 禮俗所拘／礼俗所拘
- 老不拘禮／老不拘礼
- 行拘 (xíngjū)
- 通脫不拘／通脱不拘
- 隔山拘火
References
- “拘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
拘
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Readings
- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: く (ku)、こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Kun: かかわる (kakawaru, 拘わる)、こだわる (kodawaru, 拘る)、とどめる (todomeru, 拘める)、とらえる (toraeru, 拘える)
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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