incendo

From in- (“in”) +‎ *cendō < candeō.^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈken.doː/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈt͡ʃen.do/,

incendō (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation

1. (transitive) to set on fire, burn, kindle

   Synonyms: ūrō, īnflammō, flammō, cōnflagrō, flagrō, accendō, ārdeō, cremō, adoleō

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.264:

     hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores

     Then I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum

2. (transitive) to heat, make hot, scorch
3. (transitive) to light up with fire, make a fire upon
4. (transitive) to make bright or shining, light up, brighten; adorn

   Synonyms: lūstrō, clārō

5. (transitive, figuratively) to set on fire, inflame, excite, rouse, incite; incense, irritate

   Synonyms: excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, stimulō, percieō, concieō, cieō, concitō, urgeō, impellō, īnflammō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, sollicitō, ērigō

   Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, plācō, restinguō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.196–197:

     Prōtinus ad rēgem cursus dētorquet Iarbān,
     incenditque animum dictīs atque aggerat īrās.

     At once turns her course to King Iarbas, and she inflames his passion with her tales and swells his wrath.

6. (transitive, figuratively) to enhance, raise, intensify

   Synonyms: ērigō, augeō

7. (transitive, figuratively) to ruin, destroy, lay waste

   Synonyms: ruīnō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, aboleō, occīdō, prōflīgō, dēstruō, exscindō, impellō, accīdō, tollō, dīruō, sepeliō, populor, interimō, perimō, trucīdō

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

• incendiālis
• incendiārius
• incendiōsus

• “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• incendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia
    
  • to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere
    
  • to become furious: furore inflammari, incendi
    
  • to fire a town: oppidum incendere