慢
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Translingual
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Han character
慢 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 96047, composition ⿰忄曼)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
- Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6162
Chinese
| trad. | 慢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 慢 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𭜌 | |
| alternative forms | 僈 | |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): man5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): man3
- Northern Min (KCR): māing
- Eastern Min (BUC): mâing / mâng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6me
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man5 / man4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: màn
- Wade–Giles: man4
- Yale: màn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mann
- Palladius: мань (manʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /män⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ман (man, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: maan6
- Yale: maahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: maan6
- Guangdong Romanization: man6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: man5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐban³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: man5
- Sinological IPA (key): /man¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: man
- Hakka Romanization System: man
- Hagfa Pinyim: man4
- Sinological IPA: /man⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: man3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māing
- Sinological IPA (key): /maiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mâing / mâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maiŋ²⁴²/, /mɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- mâing - vernacular;
- mâng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: mang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Magong, Kinmen, Singapore, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǎn
- Tâi-lô: bǎn
- IPA (Lukang): /ban³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mang7 / bhuang6 / bhuêng6 / muang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: māng / buăng / buĕng / muăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ¹¹/, /buaŋ³⁵/, /bueŋ³⁵/, /muaŋ³⁵/
Note:
- mang7 - "slow";
- bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
- bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
- bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
- muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.
Note:
- man5 - vernacular;
- man4 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: maenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤra-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mroːns/
Definitions
慢
- slow; sluggish
- rude; proud; disrespectful
- (of time zones) to be behind
- Antonym: 快 (kuài)
- (literary) slack; sluggish; remiss; idle
- (Teochew) late
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “slow”): 快 (kuài)
Compounds
- 且慢 (qiěmàn)
- 侮慢 (wǔmàn)
- 倨傲怠慢
- 倨慢
- 停雲慢步 / 停云慢步
- 傲慢 (àomàn)
- 傲賢慢士 / 傲贤慢士
- 堊慢 / 垩慢
- 多慢
- 婆婆慢慢
- 媟慢
- 廢慢 / 废慢
- 待慢
- 忤慢
- 怠慢 (dàimàn)
- 悖慢
- 惰慢 (duòmàn)
- 慆慢
- 慢世
- 慢仗
- 慢俄延
- 慢功
- 慢動作 / 慢动作 (màndòngzuò)
- 慢半拍 (mànbànpāi)
- 慢吐蓮 / 慢吐莲
- 慢吞吞 (màntūntūn)
- 慢哼哼
- 慢坡
- 慢帳 / 慢帐
- 慢張 / 慢张
- 慢待 (màndài)
- 慢性 (mànxìng)
- 慢性子 (mànxìngzi)
- 慢性病 (mànxìngbìng)
- 慢性自殺 / 慢性自杀
- 慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
- 慢惰 (mànduò)
- 慢慢
- 慢慢來 / 慢慢来
- 慢慢兒 / 慢慢儿 (mànmānr)
- 慢慢吞吞
- 慢慢騰騰 / 慢慢腾腾
- 慢手慢腳 / 慢手慢脚
- 慢散
- 慢易
- 慢曲
- 慢板 (mànbǎn)
- 慢條廝禮 / 慢条厮礼
- 慢條斯理 / 慢条斯理 (màntiáosīlǐ)
- 慢條斯禮 / 慢条斯礼
- 慢條絲禮 / 慢条丝礼
- 慢步 (mànbù)
- 慢火 (mànhuǒ)
- 慢班 (mànbān)
- 慢用 (mànyòng)
- 慢聲 / 慢声
- 慢臉 / 慢脸
- 慢藏誨盜 / 慢藏诲盗
- 慢表
- 慢詞 / 慢词
- 慢說 / 慢说
- 慢調 / 慢调
- 慢調子 / 慢调子
- 慢走 (mànzǒu)
- 慢跑 (mànpǎo)
- 慢車 / 慢车 (mànchē)
- 慢車道 / 慢车道
- 慢速 (mànsù)
- 慢遊 / 慢游
- 慢郎中
- 慢騰斯禮 / 慢腾斯礼
- 慢騰騰 / 慢腾腾 (mànténgténg)
- 慢驚風 / 慢惊风
- 慢點兒 / 慢点儿
- 懈慢
- 放慢 (fàngmàn)
- 放慢線兒 / 放慢线儿
- 款慢
- 減慢 / 减慢 (jiǎnmàn)
- 眉低眼慢
- 眼慢
- 簡慢 / 简慢 (jiǎnmàn)
- 細嚼慢嚥 / 细嚼慢咽 (xìjiáomànyàn)
- 緊七慢八 / 紧七慢八
- 緊打慢敲 / 紧打慢敲
- 緩慢 / 缓慢 (huǎnmàn)
- 臉慢 / 脸慢
- 輕吞慢吐 / 轻吞慢吐
- 輕慢 / 轻慢 (qīngmàn)
- 輕攏慢撚 / 轻拢慢撚
- 輕歌慢舞 / 轻歌慢舞
- 輕賢慢士 / 轻贤慢士
- 逋慢
- 鈍刀慢剮 / 钝刀慢剐
- 驕慢 / 骄慢 (jiāomàn)
- 高慢 (gāomàn)
Further reading
- “Entry #10531”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “慢”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.
Japanese
Kanji
慢
Readings
- Go-on: めん (men)
- Kan-on: ばん (ban)
- Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
- Kun: おそい (osoi, 慢い)、おこたる (okotaru, 慢る)、あなどる (anadoru, 慢る)、おごる (ogoru, 慢る)
Compounds
- (slow):
- (negligent):
- (arrogant):
Korean
Hanja
慢 (eumhun 게으를 만 (geeureul man))
Vietnamese
Han character
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