滅

Stroke order

Japan (Swap strokes 5 and 4 for Chinese; additionally, swap strokes 13 and 12 for Taiwan.)

滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 3315₀, composition ⿰氵烕)

• 𢷄, 𤄌

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
• Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6EC5

Historical forms of the character 滅
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *med): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:

• 烕 (OC *hmed, “to destroy; to cause destruction”)
• 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd, “to destroy”)

The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).

滅

1. to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer

   滅國弒君／灭国弑君  ―  mièguóshìjūn  ―  to obliterate a country and kill its ruler

2. to be destroyed; to perish; to die
3. to disappear; to vanish
4. to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
5. to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
6. to alter (handwriting)

• (to extinguish):

• “滅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 , 刘福铸 , 吴华英 , 黄国城 (2019) “灭”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 212.

(Jōyō kanji)

1. destroy
2. die, perish, disappear
3. fall, collapse

• Go-on: めち (mechi)、めつ (metsu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: べつ (betsu)
• Kun: ほろびる (horobiru, 滅びる, Jōyō)、ほるもかに (horumokani, 滅に)、ほろぼす (horobosu, 滅ぼす, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 滅 (MC mjiet).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

滅

Wikisource

滅 (eumhun 멸망할 멸 (myeolmanghal myeol))

1. hanja form^? of 멸 (“destroy”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

滅: Hán Nôm readings: diệt

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