fel

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɛl/

Adjective

fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)

1. ferocious, fierce
2. bright (e.g. sunlight)

Adverb

fel

1. fiercely, ferociously

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Noun

fel m or f (plural fels)

1. gall, bile

   Synonym: bilis

2. (figurative) misery
3. (figurative) rancor

   Synonym: rancúnia

Further reading

• “fel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “fel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Noun

fel

1. Mixed mutation of mel.

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɛl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: fel
• Rhymes: -ɛl

Adjective

fel (comparative feller, superlative felst)

1. bright, shiny (e.g. sunlight)
2. fierce, feisty, even bitter
3. flashy, showy

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: fel
• → Papiamentu: fel (dated)

Adverb

fel

1. fiercely

   De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans.

Descendants

• Afrikaans: fel

Anagrams

• elf, lef

Elfdalian

Etymology

Cognate with Swedish fuller.

Adverb

fel

1. probably, likely

Fala

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfel/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer and Galician facer.

Alternative forms

• ficel (Valverdeñu)

Verb

fel

1. (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) to do, make

Conjugation

Related terms

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel , from Vulgar Latin *felem.

Alternative forms

• fe (Lagarteiru)

Noun

fel f (uncountable)

1. (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) bile

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

fel m (plural feles)

1. gall; bile

   Synonym: bile

2. (figuratively) meanness

   Synonym: amargura

Derived terms

References

• “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “fel” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “fel” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• föl

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *pide.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛl

Adverb

fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb)

2. up, upward, upwards (to a physically higher or more elevated position)

   Synonym: felfelé

   Antonyms: le, lefelé

   Coordinate terms: fent, fenn, (at a physically higher position) felül

Usage notes

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

Derived terms

See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense.

Noun

fel (uncountable)

2. (archaic) Alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”)

   Synonyms: (upper part) felső rész, (surface) felület

3. (rare, dialectal) Alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) or föl (“cream; the best part”)

Declension

Derived terms

Adjective

fel

2. (obsolete, only in compounds) upper, higher

   Synonyms: felső, feljebbi, fentebbi, fentebb/feljebb/magasabban lévő

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• (up): fel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects. Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /fel/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /fel/,

Noun

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

1. gall bladder
2. gall, bile
3. poison
4. bitterness, venom

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Descendants

• Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

References

• “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• fel in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French fel.

Adjective

fel

1. cruel, harsh
2. evil
3. terrible
4. dangerous

Inflection

Descendants

• Dutch: fel

Further reading

• “fel (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “fel (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Determiner

fel

1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

Adverb

fel

1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

Old French

Etymology

From Frankish *fel, from Proto-Germanic *faluz; cognate with felon.

Adjective

fel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fele)

1. evil
2. vile; despicable
   • c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     "Fui!" fet Erec, "nains enuiieus!
     Trop es fel et contraliieus.["]

     "Flee" said Erec "pesky dwarf!
     You are too vile and maddening"

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (1. fel)

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fʲel/

Verb

fel

1. Alternative form of fil

Mutation

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel, from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
• Hyphenation: fel

Noun

fel m (plural féis or feles)

1. sourness, acerbity, bitterness

   Synonym: azedume

2. (figuratively) sorrow

   Synonym: amargura

3. (medicine) gall; bile

   Synonyms: bile, bílis

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian -féle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfel/
• Rhymes: -el

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

fel n (plural feluri)

1. sort, type, kind

   Synonyms: gen, tip

2. manner, style, way

   În ce fel? ― In what way?

   În felul acesta. ― In this way.

   Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. ― It’s unlike him to be unkind.

3. course of a meal

   felul unu ― first course

   felul doi ― second course

   felul trei ― dessert

Declension

Derived terms

• astfel
• defel
• fel de fel
• într-un fel
• la fel

References

• fel in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Swedish

Etymology

See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /feːl/

• audio

  (file)

Adjective

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

1. wrong, incorrect, erroneous

   Fel svar ger inga poäng

   A wrong answer gives no points

   Det är fel att döda

   Killing is wrong

   Vi gick fel väg

   We went the wrong way

   Vi gick på fel buss

   We got on the wrong bus

Declension

No inflected forms.

Antonyms

• rätt, korrekt

Adverb

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

1. wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously

   Hon svarade fel på hälften av frågorna

   She answered wrong on half of the questions

   Planen slog fel

   The plan failed

   Det gick fel

   It went wrong

See also

• galet
• på tok
• snett

Noun

fel n

1. (uncountable) wrong (incorrectness or moral wrongness), (sometimes, by rephrasing) a mistake

   Antonym: rätt

   Jag erkänner, jag gjorde fel

   I admit, I made a mistake / I did wrong (can mean morally or otherwise)

   Han har fel

   He is wrong ("has wrong" – idiomatic)

2. an error, a fault, a defect, a wrong

   Vi hittade flera fel i artikeln

   We found several errors in the article

   Det är något fel på datorn

   There is something wrong with the computer

   Två fel gör inte ett rätt

   Two wrongs don't make a right (idiomatic)

Declension

Derived terms

This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)).

References

• fel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• fel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• fel in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fel/

Noun

fel (nominative plural fels)

1. field (general)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Welsh

Etymology

Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɛl/
• Rhymes: -ɛl

Preposition

fel

1. as, like
   • Nursery rhyme:

     Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg.

     White like the snow / Black like the crow / Pink like the rose / Red like the fire / Grey like the squirrel / Yellow like the sun / Blue like the sky / Green like the leaves. / Those are some of the colours, / the colours in Welsh.

Related terms

• hafal

Adverb

fel

1. (South Wales, colloquial) how

   Synonyms: fel, ffordd

   Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny? ― How do you know that?

Related terms

• rhywfodd, rhywsut (“somehow”)

References