ing

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English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English ing, ynge, enge, from Old English ing, *eng (a meadow; ing), from Proto-Germanic *angijō (meadow), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énkos (a bend; curve; bowl; hollow; dell; glen), from *h₂enk- (to bend; curve; bow). Cognate with Scots eng (ing; meadow), Dutch eng (pasture; farmland), Danish eng (meadow), Swedish äng (meadow; field), Norwegian eng (meadow), Faroese ong (grassland; meadow; pasture), Icelandic eng (a meadow), Icelandic engi (a meadow; meadowland).

Noun

ing (plural ings)

  1. (now only in dialects) A meadow, especially a low meadow near a river; water meadow.
    Ings, glens, and fens of the Highlands.
    • 1773, Journals of the House of Commons:
      Bill for dividing and inclosing certain open common fields, ings, common pastures, and other commonable lands.
    • 1804, Marshall (William), On the Landed Property of England, possibly quoting an earlier work:
      lay an extent of meadow grounds, in ings, to afford a supply of hay.

References

Etymology 2

From Pitman em and en, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents. The change in vowel probably reflects the familiar suffix -ing.

Noun

ing (plural ings)

  1. The letter for the ng sound /ŋ/ in Pitman shorthand.
  • eng, the name of the IPA letter for this sound

See also

Anagrams

Cebuano

Alternative forms

  • 'ycontraction, appended to the preceding word

Etymology

Compare with Kapampangan ing, Tausug in.

Article

ing

  1. (archaic) indefinite direct marker for nouns other than personal names.
    Synonym: 'ysense narrowed down

See also

Further reading

Chinese

Etymology

From English -ing.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Adverb

ing

  1. (slang) in the process of; currently

References

Hungarian

ing

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from an Iranian language.

Alternative forms

Noun

ing (plural ingek)

  1. shirt
    Coordinate terms: blúz, póló
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ing ingek
accusative inget ingeket
dative ingnek ingeknek
instrumental inggel ingekkel
causal-final ingért ingekért
translative inggé ingekké
terminative ingig ingekig
essive-formal ingként ingekként
essive-modal
inessive ingben ingekben
superessive ingen ingeken
adessive ingnél ingeknél
illative ingbe ingekbe
sublative ingre ingekre
allative inghez ingekhez
elative ingből ingekből
delative ingről ingekről
ablative ingtől ingektől
non-attributive
possessive – singular
ingé ingeké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
ingéi ingekéi
Possessive forms of ing
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ingem ingeim
2nd person sing. inged ingeid
3rd person sing. inge ingei
1st person plural ingünk ingeink
2nd person plural ingetek ingeitek
3rd person plural ingük ingeik
Derived terms

Etymology 2

An earlier form of the verb inog (to wobble).

Verb

ing

  1. (intransitive) to wobble
  2. (intransitive) to swing
Conjugation
Conjugation of ing
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. ingok ingsz ing ingunk ingtok ingnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. ingtam ingtál ingott ingtunk ingtatok ingtak
def.
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingni fog.
archaic
preterite
indef. ingék ingál inga ingánk ingátok ingának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. ingandok ingandasz ingand ingandunk ingandotok ingandanak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. ingnék ingnál ingna ingnánk ingnátok ingnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. ingjak ingj or
ingjál
ingjon ingjunk ingjatok ingjanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen
infinitive ingni ingnom ingnod ingnia ingnunk ingnotok ingniuk
other
forms
verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
ingás ingó ingott ingva (ingván)
Potential conjugation of ing
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. inghatok inghatsz inghat inghatunk inghattok inghatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. inghattam inghattál inghatott inghattunk inghattatok inghattak
def.
2nd obj
archaic
preterite
indef. inghaték inghatál inghata inghatánk inghatátok inghatának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. inghatandok
or ingandhatok
inghatandasz
or ingandhatsz
inghatand
or ingandhat
inghatandunk
or ingandhatunk
inghatandotok
or ingandhattok
inghatandanak
or ingandhatnak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. inghatnék inghatnál inghatna inghatnánk inghatnátok inghatnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. inghassak inghass or
inghassál
inghasson inghassunk inghassatok inghassanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen
infinitive (inghatni) (inghatnom) (inghatnod) (inghatnia) (inghatnunk) (inghatnotok) (inghatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
(inghatva / inghatván)

or

Conjugation of ing
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. ingok ingasz ing ingunk ingotok inganak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. ingottam ingottál ingott ingottunk ingottatok ingottak
def.
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingani fog.
archaic
preterite
indef. ingék ingál inga ingánk ingátok ingának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. ingandok ingandasz ingand ingandunk ingandotok ingandanak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. inganék inganál ingana inganánk inganátok inganának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. ingjak ingj or
ingjál
ingjon ingjunk ingjatok ingjanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen
infinitive ingani inganom inganod ingania inganunk inganotok inganiuk
other
forms
verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
ingás ingó ingott ingva (ingván)
Potential conjugation of ing
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. inghatok inghatsz inghat inghatunk inghattok inghatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. inghattam inghattál inghatott inghattunk inghattatok inghattak
def.
2nd obj
archaic
preterite
indef. inghaték inghatál inghata inghatánk inghatátok inghatának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. inghatandok
or ingandhatok
inghatandasz
or ingandhatsz
inghatand
or ingandhat
inghatandunk
or ingandhatunk
inghatandotok
or ingandhattok
inghatandanak
or ingandhatnak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. inghatnék inghatnál inghatna inghatnánk inghatnátok inghatnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. inghassak inghass or
inghassál
inghasson inghassunk inghassatok inghassanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen
infinitive (inghatni) (inghatnom) (inghatnod) (inghatnia) (inghatnunk) (inghatnotok) (inghatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
(inghatva / inghatván)
Synonyms
Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ ing in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

Javanese

Preposition

ing

  1. in
  2. on
  3. at

Jirajara

Noun

ing

  1. water

References

  • Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Central Philippine *aŋ. Cognate with Tagalog ang, Bikol Central an, Cebuano ang, Hiligaynon ang, Waray-Waray an and Tausug in.

Pronunciation

Article

ing (plural deng)

  1. direct marker for all nouns other than personal proper nouns
    Memulayi ya ing lalaki.
    The man ran.
    Pengan nening pusa ing asan.
    The cat ate the fish.
    Ing kildap yang gugulis kareng uyat king tanam ning banwa.
    (The) lightning sketches roots under the soil of the sky.
  2. marks the topic
    Ini ing asu ta.This is our dog. (literally, “As for this, is dog.”)
    Ngeni ing marimla.Today is too cold. (literally, “On the topic of today, too cold.”)
  3. (by extension) what about, how about, and (used without a predicate to ask for more information about something)
    Synonyms: king, kang
    Pampanga ing?What about Pampanga? (literally, “Pampanga and, what?”)
    Ing obra ing?How is work? (literally, “The work is?”)

Usage notes

  • This particle is analyzed as the definite article (i.e., the) when used alone, and the indefinite article (i.e., a or an) when used with the numeral metung (one).
    ing aldothe sun
    ing metung taua person
  • Direct personal proper nouns (primarily names) are marked with i.

See also

Kapampangan markers
direct indirect oblique
common singular ing ning, -ng king
plural ding/ring ring karing
personal singular i -ng kang
plural / polite di/ri ri kari

Khumi Chin

Ing.

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (house, womb). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).

Pronunciation

Noun

ing

  1. house

Derived terms

References

  • R. Shafer (1944) “Khimi Grammar and Vocabulary”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, volume 11, number 2, page 418
  • K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin, Payap University, page 46

Lutuv

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (house, womb). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).

Pronunciation

Noun

ing

  1. house

References

  • Rachel Gray, Jose Benavides (2022) “Wh-Question Formation in Hnaring Lutuv”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures, volume 3, number 1

Old English

Etymology

Apparently borrowed from Old Norse eng or possibly inherited directly from Proto-Germanic *angijō.

Pronunciation

Noun

ing f (nominative plural inga or inge)

  1. meadow, water meadow, ing

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

Ternate

Etymology

From the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.

Pronunciation

Noun

ing

  1. alternative form of ingi

References

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English ink.

Noun

ing

  1. ink

Welsh

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (tight, painfully constricted), cognate with Breton enk

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

ing m (plural ingau or ingoedd)

  1. anguish, angst
    Synonym: gwasgfa
  2. adversity
    Synonyms: caledi, cyni, adfyd
  3. agony, extreme pain
    Synonyms: dirboen, gwayw, gloes

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of ing
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ing unchanged unchanged hing

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ing”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ing”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yola

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English in, ī̆, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪŋ/, /ɪn/, /ɪ/, /iː/

Preposition

ing

  1. in
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
      Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,
      Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
      Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;
      The weight of the play fell into the hollow;
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:
      An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.
      And broke the handle in a pismire-hill.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
      Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;
      Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
      Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.
      Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
      Wathere proceeds to tell that the game was “was jist ing our hone”
      Walter proceeds to tell that the game was “was just in our hand”

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 48