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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
屎 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition ⿸尸米)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
- Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5C4E
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
杘
|
*l̥ʰis
|
尸
|
*hli
|
鳲
|
*hli
|
屍
|
*hli, *hlis
|
屎
|
*hliʔ, *hri
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted[1] into 米.
Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.
Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:
- The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
- Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
- Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
- The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
- The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑;
- The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
- Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩.
All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): shǐ (shi3)
- (Zhuyin): ㄕˇ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): si2
- Gan (Wiktionary): si3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́
- (Meixian, Guangdong): si3
- Jin (Wiktionary): si2
- Northern Min (KCR): sǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sāi
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): sái / sí / sír / sú
- (Teochew, Peng'im): sai2
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5sy; 5u / 3sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr3
Note:
- sái - vernacular;
- sí/sír/sú - literary.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
屎
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
shǐ
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ syijX ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ijʔ/
|
English
|
excrement
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
屎
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
No.
|
11399
|
Phonetic component
|
尸
|
Rime group
|
脂
|
Rime subdivision
|
2
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
矢
|
Old Chinese
|
/*hliʔ/
|
Definitions
屎
- excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤/笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn)
- secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
- residue; waste; debris
- (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
- (vulgar) useless thing
- (Cantonese) shitty; bad; poor; of inferior quality
我啲英文講得好屎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我啲英文讲得好屎。 [Cantonese, simp.]- ngo5 di1 jing1 man4-2 gong2 dak1 hou2 si2.
- I speak shitty English.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
屎 (“faeces”)
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
糞, 屎, 糞便, 大便, 大恭
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
屎, 大外, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Taiwan
|
大便, 屎
|
Harbin
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Malaysia
|
屎, 大便
|
Singapore
|
屎, 大便
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
屎, 大糞, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
屎
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
屎, 屎㞎㞎 childish
|
Wanrong
|
屎
|
Xi'an
|
屎
|
Xining
|
大便
|
Xuzhou
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
屎
|
Lanzhou
|
屎
|
Ürümqi
|
屎
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
屎, 屎㞎衣兒, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎㞎 childish
|
Wuhan
|
㞎㞎, 屎, 大糞, 糞, 糟兒 slang, 米田共 argot
|
Guiyang
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎兒 childish
|
Liuzhou
|
屎, 癟, 大便
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
屎
|
Yangzhou
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
屎, 茄
|
Hong Kong
|
屎, 茄, 大便, 米田共 slang, 便便 childish, 唔唔 childish, 臭臭 childish, 坺坺 childish
|
Macau
|
屎
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
屎, 茄
|
Dongguan
|
屎
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
屎
|
Penang (Guangfu)
|
屎
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
屎
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
屎
|
Lichuan
|
屎
|
Pingxiang
|
屎
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
屎, 大糞
|
Yudu
|
屎
|
Kuching (Hepo)
|
屎
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
屎, 練 childish
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
屎
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
屎
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
屎
|
Quanzhou
|
屎
|
Zhangzhou
|
屎
|
Tainan
|
屎, 大便 GT
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
屎
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
屎
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
屎
|
Chaozhou
|
屎
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
屎
|
Leizhou
|
屎
|
Haikou
|
屎
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
屎
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
屎
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
惡, 大解 dated
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
惡
|
Suzhou
|
惡
|
Danyang
|
屎
|
Hangzhou
|
惡
|
Ningbo
|
惡
|
Wenzhou
|
惡
|
Jinhua
|
惡
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Loudi
|
屎, 㞎㞎 childish
|
Hengyang
|
㞎㞎 childish
|
Note
|
GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
|
Compounds
Etymology 2
This is a 破讀/破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
屎
|
Reading #
|
2/2
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
xī
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ xjij ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
|
English
|
moan
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
屎
|
Reading #
|
2/2
|
No.
|
11401
|
Phonetic component
|
尸
|
Rime group
|
脂
|
Rime subdivision
|
2
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
咦
|
Old Chinese
|
/*hri/
|
Definitions
屎
- † Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻, volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162
Japanese
Kanji
屎
(Hyōgai kanji)
- excrement, feces, poop
Readings
Etymology 1
⟨kuso1⟩ → /kuso/
From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
屎 • (kuso)
- (colloquial) feces, excrement
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
- 屎にする (kuso ni suru): “to turn something into shit; to treat something as shit” → to make something worthless; to treat something as worthless
- 屎の役にも立たぬ (kuso no yaku ni mo tatanu): “not even standing in the role of shit” → not even good for shit
- (See 役に立つ (yaku ni tatsu): “to be useful, to play a role”)
- 屎も味噌も一緒 (kuso mo miso mo issho): “both crap and miso together” → a situation where it is difficult to tell the good from the bad
Interjection
屎 • (kuso)
- (swear word) shit
Usage notes
This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.
Prefix
屎 • (kuso-)
- A derogatory prefix.
- 屎爺い
- kusojijī
- crappy old man
Suffix
屎 • (-kuso)
- A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
- 下手屎
- hetakuso
- crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
- 襤褸屎
- borokuso
- broken down for shit, raggedy-ass
Etymology 2
Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).
Pronunciation
Noun
屎 • (baba)
- (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
- (children's word): something unclean
Idioms
References
- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si))
- hanja form? of 시 (“feces, excrement”)
屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
屎: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.