稔

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稔 U+7A14, 稔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A14
← 稓
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 稕 →

Translingual

Han character

稔 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人戈心 (HDOIP), four-corner 28932, composition ⿰禾念)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 854, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25107
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2614, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7A14

Chinese

trad. 稔
simp. # 稔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (念) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
淰 *rnɯːmʔ, *nɯːmʔ, *hnjɯmʔ
唸 *tɯːms, *tɯːns
埝 *tɯːms, *nɯːb
趝 *klɯːms, *n̥ʰɯːms
諗 *hnjɯmʔ
稔 *njɯːm
棯 *njɯmʔ
腍 *njɯmʔ
捻 *nɯːb
錜 *nɯːb
敜 *nɯːb
惗 *nɯːb, *sens
菍 *nɯːb, *nɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯːm) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms).

Etymology 1

“year”
Mon-Khmer (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2003; Schuessler, 2007): compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *cn₁am ~ *cn₁aam (“year”), whence Khmer ឆ្នាំ (chnam), Mon သၞာံ (hnam), Vietnamese năm.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 稔
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如甚切
Baxter nyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵimX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵimX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəmX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jam5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 稔
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyimX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nimʔ/
English harvest, year

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 稔
Reading # 1/1
No. 9496
Phonetic
component 		念
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		荏
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯːm/

Definitions

稔

  1. year
  2. (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown
  3. Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest
  4. to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up
  5. to be familiar with; to know
  6. usually; normally
  7. beautiful
  8. Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”)

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

稔

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 棯 (nim1, “rose myrtle”)

Japanese

Kanji

稔

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Proper noun

稔(みのる) • (Minoru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

稔: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫm, nậm, nẫm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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