明日
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See also: 明白
Chinese
clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty |
day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (明日) |
明 | 日 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ming4 jat6
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang4 nyit6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mìn-ngit
- Southern Min
- Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): 2min-zeq8
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): min2 r6 / min2 nyi6
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): mai2 xi2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: míngrì
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄖˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míngrìh
- Wade–Giles: ming2-jih4
- Yale: míng-r̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingryh
- Palladius: минжи (minži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ming4 jat6
- Yale: mìhng yaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4 jat9
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4 yed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹ jɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'miang4 nyit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ n̠ʲit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-ngit
- Hakka Romanization System: minˇ ngidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: min2 ngid5
- Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ ŋit̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: miâ-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: mialit
- IPA (Xiamen): /miã²⁴⁻²² lit̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /miã²⁴⁻²² lit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: miâ-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: miajit
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /miã¹³⁻²² d͡zit̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: bîng-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: bengjit
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: bîng-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: benglit
- IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Note: bêng-ji̍t/bêng-li̍t - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: muan3 rig8 / ma3 rig8 / mua3 rêg8 / ma3 rêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muàⁿ ji̍k / mà ji̍k / muà je̍k / mà je̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /mũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zik̚⁴/, /ma²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zik̚⁴/, /mua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zek̚⁴/, /ma²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zek̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- muan3 rig8 - Chaozhou;
- ma3 rig8 - Shantou, Chenghai;
- mua3 rêg8/ma3 rêg8 - Jieyang.
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: min2 r6 / min2 nyi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /min¹³ ʐ̩²⁴/, /min¹³ n̠ʲi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- min2 r6 - vernacular;
- min2 nyi6 - literary.
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: mai2 xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mai̯¹¹ ʑ̊i¹¹/
- Middle Chinese: mjaeng nyit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ C.nik/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ njiɡ/
Noun
明日
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 明天 (“tomorrow”)
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あした | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
Shift in meaning from 朝 (ashita, “next morning”), itself cognate with 朝 (asa, “morning”).
The kanji spelling is from Chinese 明日 (míngrì).
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LLL
- (the Kamakura period) LLL
- (the Muromachi period) HHH
- (the Edo period) HHL or HHH
Noun
Derived terms
- 明日天気 (ashita tenki)
- 明日葉, 鹹草 (ashitaba, “Angelica keiskei”)
Proverbs
- 明日は明日の風が吹く (ashita wa ashita no kaze ga fuku, “tomorrow let tomorrow's winds blow → tomorrow is a new day”)
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あす | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
- Possibly a shift from verb 明かす (akasu, “to pass”).
- */akasu/ → */akusu/ → /asu/
- Possibly an apophonic form of or cognate with 朝 (asa, “morning”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 明日 (míngrì).
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Heian period) LL
- (the Edo period) HL
Noun
- (polite) tomorrow
- 1939, Osamu Dazai, Joseito :
- 明日もまた、同じ日が来るのだろう。幸福は一生、来ないのだ。それは、わかっている。けれども、きっと来る、あすは来る、と信じて寝るのがいいのでしょう。
- Asu mo mata, onaji hi ga kuru no darō. Kōfuku wa isshō, konai no da. Sore wa, wakatteiru. Keredo mo, kitto kuru, asu wa kuru, to shinjite neru no ga ii no deshō.
- The same day will probably come tomorrow again, just like always. True happiness will never come into my life. I know that. But perhaps it is best to go to sleep believing that it will come, that it will come tomorrow.
- 明日もまた、同じ日が来るのだろう。幸福は一生、来ないのだ。それは、わかっている。けれども、きっと来る、あすは来る、と信じて寝るのがいいのでしょう。
- the near future
Derived terms
- 明日明後日 (asu-asatte)
- 飛鳥, 明日香 (Asuka)
- 明後日 (asatte)
- 明日知らぬ (asu shiranu)
- 翌檜 (asunaro)
- 明日の淵瀬 (asu no fuchise)
- 明日は淵瀬 (asu wa fuchise)
- 明日は檜 (asu wa hinoki)
- 明日は我が身 (asu wa waga mi)
- 明日檜 (asuhi)
- 明日をも知れぬ身 (asu o mo shirenu mi)
- 今日明日 (kyō-asu)
- 今日か明日か (kyō ka asu ka)
- 今日考えて明日語れ (kyō kangaete asu katare)
- 今日の情けは明日の仇 (kyō no nasake wa asu no ada)
- 今日は人の上明日は我が身の上 (kyō wa hito no ue asu wa waga mi no ue)
- 今日も明日も醒め果てる (kyō mo asu mo samehateru)
Proverbs
- 明日の事を言えば鬼が笑う (asu no koto o ieba oni ga warau)
- 明日の百より今日の五十 (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
- 今日あって明日ない身 (kyō atte asu nai mi)
- 今日の一針明日の十針 (kyō no hitohari asu no tohari)
Proper noun
- a female given name
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| みょう Grade: 2 |
にち Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
/mʲau nʲiti/ → /mʲɔːɲit͡ɕi/ → /mʲoːɲit͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 明日 (MC mjaeng nyit).
Pronunciation
- Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
- (the Edo period) LHLL
Noun
明日 • (myōnichi) ←みやうにち (myauniti)?
Derived terms
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| めい Grade: 2 |
じつ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | |
From a later borrowing of Chinese 明日 (míngrì), using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”).
Rare reading.
Noun
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| ぬくい | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あけ Grade: 2 |
ひ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| みょう Grade: 2 |
が Grade: 1 |
| goon | kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| ぬく Grade: 2 |
ひ Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あけ Grade: 2 |
ひ > び Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
Proper noun
明日 or 明日 or 明日 or 明日 or 明日 • (Nukui or Akehi or Myōga or Nukuhi or Akebi)
- a surname
Usage notes
Note that the pronunciation differs depending on register, which also happens for the antonym “yesterday” and the coordinate term “today”. Corresponding in formality to ashita, asu, and myōnichi for “tomorrow” are 昨日 (kinō), 昨日 (kiso, rare), and 昨日 (sakujitsu) for “yesterday”; and きょう (kyō), 今日 (konnichi), and 本日 (honjitsu) for “today”.
Antonyms
Coordinate terms
| 時 (“Time”) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 日 (“Day”) | 週 (“Week”) | 月 (“Month”) | 年 (“Year”) | 暁 (“Morning”) | 朝 (“Morning”) | 夕 (“Evening”) | 晩 (“Evening”) | 夜 (“Night”) | ||
| Every | 毎日, 日日 | 毎週 | 毎月, 月月 | 毎年, 年年 | 毎朝 | 毎晩 | 毎夜 | |||
| Every other | 隔週 | 隔月 | 隔年 | |||||||
| Whole | 日間, 日中, 終日 | 週間 | 月間 | 年間, 年中, 終年 | 夜間, 夜中, 終夜 | |||||
| Half | 半日 | 半月 | 半年 | |||||||
| Absolute | −3 | 一昨昨日, 一昨々日 | 一昨昨年, 再昨年 | |||||||
| −2 | 一昨日 | 先々週 | 先々月 | 一昨年 | 一昨朝 | 一昨晩 | 一昨夜 | |||
| −1 | 昨日 | 先週, 昨週 | 先月, 後月, 去月, 昨月 | 去年, 昨年, 旧年 | 昨暁 | 昨朝 | 昨夕 | 昨晩 | 昨夜 | |
| 0 | 今日, 本日 | 今週 | 今月, 本月 | 今年, 本年 | 今暁 | 今朝 | 今夕 | 今晩, 今宵 | 今夜 | |
| +1 | 明日 | 来週, 次週 | 来月 | 来年, 明年 | 明朝 | 明晩 | 明夜 | |||
| +2 | 明後日 | 再来週 | 再来月 | 再来年, 明後年 | ||||||
| +3 | 明明後日, 弥の明後日 | |||||||||
| +4 | 弥の明後日, 明明後日, 明明明後日 | |||||||||
| Relative | −2 | 前前日 | 前前週 | 前前月 | 前前年 | |||||
| −1 | 前日 | 前週 | 前月 | 前年 | 前夕 | 前夜 | ||||
| 0 | 当日, 同日 | 当週 | 当月 | 当年, 同年 | 当夜 | |||||
| +1 | 翌日 | 翌週 | 翌月 | 翌年 | 翌朝 | 翌晩 | ||||
| +2 | 翌翌日 | 翌翌週 | 翌翌月 | 翌翌年 | ||||||
| Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the 々 iteration mark | ||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “あした 【朝・明日】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 “あす 【明日】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 “みょう‐にち［ミャウ‥］ 【明日】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
Noun
Okinawan
Etymology
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 日 |
| あちゃー | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
Cognate with mainland Japanese 明日 (ashita).
Noun
明日 (achā)
Old Japanese
Etymology
Possibly from an as- root that is cognate with or from an apophonic form of 朝 (asa, “morning”).
Noun
明日 (asu) (kana あす)
- tomorrow
- 711–712, Kojiki, lower volume (Emperor Kenzō; poem 112):
- 意岐米母夜阿布美能於岐米阿須用理波美夜麻賀久理弖美延受加母阿良牟
- Oki1me2 mo2 ya Apumi1 no2 Oki1me2 asu yo1ri pa mi1yama-gakurite mi1yezu ka mo2 aramu
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
- 明日香 (Asuka)
Descendants
- Japanese: 明日 (asu)