ti-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"
Languages (11)
Chichewa • Classical Nahuatl • Esperanto • Old Saxon • Phuthi • Pipil • Swazi • Taos • Uneapa • West Makian • Ye'kwana
Page categories

Chichewa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-

Pronunciation

Prefix

ti-

  1. 1st person plural subject concord, we.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-

Pronunciation

Prefix

ti-

  1. noun 13 class prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.
Derived terms

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

  • t- (before vowels)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ti/ (before consonants)
  • IPA(key): /t/ (before vowels)

Prefix

ti-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
  2. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.

Usage notes

  • If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.

Esperanto

Etymology

Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).

Prefix

ti-

  1. this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)

Usage notes

By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.

Derived terms

  • tia (“such (a)”)
  • tial (“for that reason, therefore”)
  • tiam (“then”)
  • tie (“that place, there”)
  • tiel (“thus, that way”)
  • ties (“that one's, those ones”)
  • tio (“that (without a noun)”) (plural tioj (“those”))
  • tiom (“that much”)
  • tiu (“that one, that/those (with a noun)”) (plural tiuj (“those ones”))

Old Saxon

Prefix

ti-

  1. Alternative form of te-

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

ti-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

ti-

  1. they; class 8 subject concord.
  2. them; class 8 object concord.
  3. they; class 10 subject concord.
  4. them; class 10 object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni .

Prefix

ti-

  1. Class 10 noun prefix.

Pipil

Pronunciation

Prefix

ti-

  1. (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
    Te tiweli tipanu
    you cannot pass
  2. (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
    Tiknekit tikwat et
    We want to eat beans

See also

Pipil verb subject markers
singular plural
1st person ni- ti-
2nd person ti- (shi-) an- (shi-)
3rd person - -
  • taja (personal pronoun)
  • metz- (object marker)
  • tejemet (personal pronoun)
  • tech- (object marker)
  • -t (plural verb suffix)

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

ti-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

ti-

  1. they; class 8 subject concord.
  2. them; class 8 object concord.
  3. they; class 10 subject concord.
  4. them; class 10 object concord.

Taos

Pronunciation

Prefix

ti-

  1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.

Uneapa

Etymology

From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.

Pronunciation

Noun

ti-

  1. mother

Further reading

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
  • Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

West Makian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ti-

  1. first-person singular possessive prefix, my

See also

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Prefix

ti-

  1. Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above
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