n-

n-

1. (SI prefix) abbreviation of nano-

Abbreviation of number. Borrowed from German n-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛn-/, /ˌɛn-/

n-

1. (mathematics, sciences, logic) Indicating an arbitrary number of elements.

• Italicised in formal use.
• May be used in place of a numeral (e.g. n-simplex, from 5-simplex, 6-simplex etc.) or a Greco-Latin prefix (e.g. n-hedron, from tetrahedron, octahedron etc.).

Abbreviation of normal.

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛn-/

n-

1. (organic chemistry) The normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (the unbranched chain).

   Coordinate terms: (secondary form) s-, (tertiary form) t-

• Italicised in formal use.

• n-butyl-

• N-
• iso- (isomeric form)
• cyclo- (cyclic form)

• n'

Related to nia (“I, me”).

n-

1. (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
2. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
3. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)

• nd- (used before vowels)

• ën- — Buzuku
• m- — before labials

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

n-

1. intensive prefix. on, to, at

n-

1. alternative form of ãn-

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ǹ-

n-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.
2. Class 10 noun prefix.

• Yuko Abe (2006) A Bende Vocabulary‎, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, page v

• na-

From Proto-Oceanic *na.

n-

1. The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

This form used before vowels. Before consonants, the form na- is used.

• Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ǹ-

n-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.
2. Class 10 noun prefix.

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

n-

1. Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech

1. forms intransitive or reflexive verbs from existing verbs

1. alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants

• Satzinger, Helmut (2017) “A Lexicon of Egyptian Lexical Roots (Project)” in Quaderni di Vicino Oriente, volume 12, pages 213–223

• IPA^(key): /n/

n- (adverbial)

1. (before a vowel) alternative form of in

   A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

Abbreviation of normale.

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

n-

1. (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)

• ni-

n-

1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

From Arabic نَ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.

• na-, ne-, ni-, no- (depending on syllable structure)

n-

1. First-person prefix in the imperfect conjugation

   ‎n- + ‎kiteb (“he wrote”) → ‎nikteb (“I write”)

n-

1. alternative form of il-

• Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

• m-, l- (from assimilation to following consonants)

Inherited from Latin in-.

n-

1. in

n-

1. alternative form of ni-

n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.

n- (class A infixed pronoun)

1. us

n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

1. alternative form of d-

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

• (before a vowel) ny-
• (before labial consonants) m-

n- (plural n-)

1. n class_(IX/X) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns as well as their plurals, and plurals of some u class_(XI) nouns

   nguo nzuri ― a nice piece of cloth/nice clothes

   ‎ulimi (“tongue”) → ‎ndimi (“tongues”)

Foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically usually behave as n class_(IX), but do not take this prefix.

Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to m-, and *nw-, *nl-, and *nr- becomes mb-, nd-, and nd- respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

• n'-

n-

1. (Kimvita, colloquial) alternative form of ni-
   • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:

     "Na kwa nini n'sirejee," aliuliza mzee.

     "And why wouldn't I go back ?" the old man asked.

   • 2022, Timothy Theodosy Chelula, Instagram‎:

     Kuna siku nlikua na drive huu wimbo ukaenda hewani nkajikuta natokwa machozi 🥲na nsijue wanachoimba .

     One day I was driving, this song went on air, and I found myself in tears 🥲 and I didn't know what they were singing.

• (before /β/, /m/, /h/ or /p/) m-
• (before a vowel) ny-

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

• IPA^(key): /n̩-/, (after /ɡ/ or /k/) , (after a vowel) /n-/

n-

1. I, 1st person singular subject concord

   ‎n- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎nkora (“I do”)

2. positive imperative form of -n- (“me; 1st person singular object concord”)

   ‎n- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎mpa (“give me”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ǹ-

n-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.
2. Class 10 noun prefix.

n-

1. I, me, my. (Forms the first person.)

   ‎n- (“I”) + ‎-t- (masculine personal) + ‎-àpi (“be here”) → ‎ntàpi (“I am here”)

Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Caura River form has a rather different scope of use.

• IPA^(key):

n-

1. Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.

This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.

• ni- (allomorph before a consonant)

• IPA^(key):

n-

1. Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
2. Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.

The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.

This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.

Though in all other circumstances Ye'kwana third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

n-

1. Class 9 simple noun prefix.

The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).