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Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Case suffix.
Suffix
-nál/-nél (adessive case suffix)
- at, by
- A háznál várt rám. ― He was waiting for me at the house.
- than (used with comparative)
- Synonyms: mint, (folksy) -tól/-től
- Minél több, annál jobb. ― The more, the better.
- Ez a szám nagyobb a másiknál. ― This number is bigger than the other.
Usage notes
- (adessive case suffix) Variants:
- -nál is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- a hegy lába (“the foot of the mountain”) → a hegy lábánál ― at the foot of the mountain
- -nél is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- az ágy feje (“the head of the bed”) → az ágy fejénél ― at the head of the bed
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case
|
Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú
|
Front vowel
|
unrounded
e, é, i, í
|
rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
|
| nominative
|
—
|
| accusative
|
-t
|
| -ot / -at
|
-et
|
-öt
|
| dative
|
-nak
|
-nek
|
| instrumental
|
-val
|
-vel
|
| causal-final
|
-ért
|
| translative
|
-vá
|
-vé
|
| terminative
|
-ig
|
| essive-formal
|
-ként
|
| essive-modal
|
-ul
|
-ül
|
| inessive
|
-ban
|
-ben
|
| superessive
|
-n
|
| -on
|
-en
|
-ön
|
| adessive
|
-nál
|
-nél
|
| illative
|
-ba
|
-be
|
| sublative
|
-ra
|
-re
|
| allative
|
-hoz
|
-hez
|
-höz
|
| elative
|
-ból
|
-ből
|
| delative
|
-ról
|
-ről
|
| ablative
|
-tól
|
-től
|
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként
|
See also
Etymology 2
From -ná (conditional suffix) + -l (personal suffix).
Suffix
-nál
- (conditional suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
- olvas (“to read”) + -nál → olvasnál (“you would read”)
- Olvasnál valamit? ― Would you read something?
Usage notes
- (conditional suffix) Variants:
- -nál is added to most back-vowel verbs
- vár (“to wait”) + -nál → várnál (“you would wait”)
- -nél is added to most front-vowel verbs
- kér (“to ask”) + -nél → kérnél (“you would ask”)
- -anál is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)
- mond (“to say something”) + -anál → mondanál (“you would say something”)
- tanít (“to teach”) + -anál → tanítanál (“you would teach”)
- -enél is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t
- fest (“to paint”) + -enél → festenél (“you would paint”)
- segít (“to help”) + -enél → segítenél (“you would help”)
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
See also