Template:tl-conj-table

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Documentation

This template serves as a table for Tagalog verb conjugations. It integrates all the {{tl-infl-table}} series of templates together into one conjugation table, while also considering affix correspondences.[1] Take note that this template does not render the automatic d->r assimilation as what the {{tl-infl-table}} template series do. For the table of affix correspondences, go to § Affix correspondences. This template is still under development. Undesired whitespace can be seen in the table in some scenarios.

Parameters

|1=

  • The (actor) affix used in conjugating.

|2=, |3=, |4=

  • The root word (para 2: first consonant (or consonant digraph) of first syllable (if none, leave blank), para 3: first vowel of first syllable, para 4: rest of the root word).

|5=, |6=, |7=

  • The root word affixed with -in or -an (para 5: first consonant (or consonant digraph) of first syllable (if none, leave blank), para 6: first vowel of first syllable, para 7: rest of the root word). See Note 1.

|o=, |d=

  • The object and/or directional affix(es) which correspond to the actor affix.

|a=

  • The type of nasal assimilation (for verbs with affixes mang-, pang- -in, pang- -an, ipang-, ikapang-, ...) See Note 2.

|ir=

  • Indicates which irregular forms the verb forms with the -in and -an affixes. See Note 3.

|rpl-loc-ka-an=

  • Replaces the locative affix from ka- -an to pag- -an (only for some Class IV ma- verbs). (off by default)

|rm-mang-ind=

  • Removes the actor-indirect verbs for mang- verbs which are not derived from um- or mag- verbs. See Note 4. (off by default)

|title=

  • The page title will show up by default. If the conjugation table is not placed in a page whose word is not affixed with a major actor verb affix, change the parameter's value to its equivalent actor trigger verb.

Note 1

This is how parameters |5=, |6=, and |7= are used when dealing with -in and -an verbs.

If the word... For example... Put in...
has no phoneme change mahal Para 4: minahal
Para 7: mahalin
has phoneme change sabi Para 4: sinabi
Para 7: sabihan
has phoneme omission kamit Para 4: kinamit
Para 7: kamtin
has phoneme omission and change buhos Para 4: binuhos
Para 7: busan

More irregular verbs can be seen at Note 3.

Note 2

There are three different types of nasal assimilation which involve the mang-, pang- -in, pang- -an, ipang-, and ikapang-: total, partial, and none (the values for the parameter |a=).

Type of nasal assimilation Description Examples
Total The /ŋ/ phoneme of the affix assimilates and omits the first consonant of the root word's first syllable and the affixed word is conjugated like the affix ma-. For root words starting with vowels, the /ŋ/ phoneme becomes as if part of the root word. mamili, manakot mangisda,
Partial The /ŋ/ phoneme of the affix assimilates but does not omit the first consonant of the root word's first syllable. mambola, mandakot
None The /ŋ/ phoneme does not assimilate with the first consonant of the root word's first syllable. For root words starting with vowels, a glottal stop appears between the /ŋ/ phoneme and the root word. mangyari, manghina, mang-akit

The rules of assimilation are the following:

Type Formula Example
Total mang- + -p = mam- mang + palo = mamalo
mang- + -b = mam- mang + bili = mamili
mang- + -m = mam- mang + manhid = mamanhid
mang- + -t = man- mang + takot = manakot
mang- + -s = man- mang + sakit = manakit
mang- + -n = man- mang + nood = manood
mang- + -k = mang- mang + kahoy = mangahoy
mang- + -ng = mang- mang + (pa)nganib = manganib
mang- + -vowel = mang- mang + isda = mangisda
Partial mang- + -b = mamb- mang + bola = mambola
mang- + -d = mand- mang + dakot = mandakot
mang- + -l = manl- mang + lait = manlait
mang- + -r = manr- mang + raket = manraket
None mang- + -g = mangg- mang + gamot = manggamot
mang- + -h = mangh- mang + hina = manghina
mang- + -w = mangw- mang + wika = mangwika
mang- + -y = mangy- mang + yari = mangyari
mang- + -vowel = mang- mang + akit = mang-akit

Note 3

This is the list of verbs with irregular -in/-an forms[1].[2] The list is used to find out what to fill into the |ir= parameter. If the conjugation table requires an irregular -in verb, encode |ir=in. If the table requires an irregular -an verb, encode |ir=an. If the table needs both irregular forms, encode |ir=in/an.

(The entries are arranged by ABAKADA, wherein 'k' is placed between 'b' and 'c', and the digraph 'ng' is considered as one letter.)

Root word -in Form -an Form
agad agdin2 agdan2
alaala (alala) alalahanin5
alipin alipnin2 alipnan2
alis alsan2
ano anhin3
antabay antabayanan5
apid apdin2 apdan2
asin asnin2 asnan
asawa asawin2
asod asdin2 asdan2
atip aptin1 aptan1
ayaw aywan2, iwan2
baba (carrying a child piggy-back) babhin2
bahagi bahaginin1 bahaginan
balisa balisanhin2 balisanhan2
baliwas baliwasnin2
basa basin2
bata bathin
bigay bigyan
bihasa bihasnin2
bihis bisin2 bisan2
bili bilhin bilhan
bilin binlan2
buka bukhin
bukas buksan
bukod bukdin bukdan1
buga bughan2
buhos busan
kagat kagtin2 kagtan2
kain kanin1 kanan1
kalabit kalbitin1
kalag kalgin2 kalgan2
kamit kamtin4 kamtan4
kapa kapin2 kapan2
kapit kaptin2 kaptan2
kati kathan2
kibit kibtin2, kitbin2 kibtan2, kitban2
kilala kilalanin, kilanlin2 kilanlan
kinig pakinggan
kitil kitlin kitlan
kuha kunin kunan
kurot kutdin1 kutdan2
daan danin2 danan2
dakip dakpin1
dala dalhin dalhan
dali dalan2
dama damhin1 damhan1
damit damtin1 damtan1
dating datnin4 datnan4
dikit diktin2 diktan2
dilim dimlan1
dinig dinggin karinggan
dipa diphin2 diphan2
dugo dugin2 dugan2
dumi dumhan1
dura duran1
duwahagi duwahaginin
ganap gampin2 gampan2, gampanan1, 5
gawa gawin gawan
gawad guran2
giba gibin2 giban2
gibik gikban1
gising gisnan2, kagisnan1
habilin habinlan2
halik hagkan1
halili halinhin2 halinhan
hasik haksan2, haskan2
hatid hatdan
higa higan1
higit higtin2 higtan
hihip hipan
hinanakit hinanaktan
hintay hintin1
hingi hingin hingan
hinguto hingutan1 hingutin2
hiram hirmin2 hirman2
hiya hiin2 hiyan2
hubad hubdin1 hubdan1
iba ibhin2 ibhan2
ibis ibsin2 ibsan
igib igbin2 igban2
ihi ihan2
ihip hipan
iwan (ayawan) iwan1
lakas laksan2
laki lakhin2 lakhan2
lagay lagyan
laman lamnin2 lamnan
lata latin2 latan2
layo layan2
lihis (lisan) lisan1
lima limhan1
lisa lisin2 lisan2
lugod lugdin2 kalugdan1
lura luran1
luwa luwan2
mali pagkamalan
masid masdan
mula mulan
nguya nguyin2
palit paltin2 paltan2
patid patdin1 patdan1
pawis pusan1
piga pigan1
pintakasi pinatakasinin
pisa pisin2 pisan2
pisa pislin2
pukol puklin1 puklan2
puno punin1 punan
pusod pusdin1 pusdan1
putol putlin1 putlan1
sakay sakyan
sakit saktin saktan
salay salanan2, sanlan2
sagip sagpin1
salita salitin2 salitan2
sama samin2 saman2
sapa saphan2
sapin sapnin1 sapnan1
sara sarhan
sarili sarilinin1, sarinlin1 sarilinan1, sarinlan1
sikip sikpan2
siga sigan
sigid sigdin2
sili (winnowing) silhin2 silhan2
silid sidlan
sima simin2 siman2
sipa sipan2
subo subhan
sunod sundin sundan
taban tabnan2
taka takhan2
takip takpan
taga tagin2
tahi tahin1
tahip taphan2
talab tablan
talikod talikdan1
talo talunin talunan, panalunan
tanim tamnan1
tangan tangnan1
tamo tamhin1
tawa tawanan
taya tayan1
tikim tikman
tingin tingnan
tipid tipdin2 tipdan2
tira (leftover, what remains) tiran
tira (residence) tirhan1
totoo totohanin5 totohanan5
tubos tubsin1 tubsan1
tuka tukan2 tukin2
tungo tunghan
tupad tupdin1
turing turan1
tuyo tuyan2 tuyin2
upo upan1
wala walin1 walan1, mawalan

Footnotes:
1Has both regular and irregular forms which are used more or less as often as each other. Both regular and irregular forms have the meaning.
2Same as footnote 1, but the irregular form is more rarely used.
3Same as footnote 1, but both regular and irregular forms have different meanings.
4Both the -in and -an forms have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
5For forms with double suffixes, encode the -(h)an/-(h)in suffix along with the rest of the root word, e.g. for alalahanin, encode as {{tl-conj|mag||a|lala||a|lalahan|...}}


It is recommended that those irregular forms which have footnotes 1, 2, or 3 to display two conjugation tables: one for the regular form and another for the irregular form.

Note 4

There are some mang- verbs that cannot form other actor trigger verbs with major actor verb affixes. The other mang- verbs are derived from um- or (rarely) mag- verbs. Here are some examples of derived mang-verbs:

Derived mang- verbs Derived from...
mangain kumain
mamitas pumitas
manuyo sumuyo
manugat sumugat
mang-api umapi
mamili bumili
mandaya dumaya
mambintang magbintang
mamigay magbigay
mamahinga magpahinga

Exclusive mang- verbs usually have roots starting with ng, m, or n have a meaning of gathering, hunting, or collecting objects. Here are some examples of exclusive mang- verbs: manganib, manood, mamaga, manatili, manlumo, maniktik, mangisda, mangahoy, mangamote, manalaba.

Usage examples

The word gumawa is done like this.

  • {{tl-conj-table|um|g|a|wa|g|a|w|d=an|ir=in/an|o=in|title=gumawa}}

The word magbukas is done like this.

The word manghinayang is done like this.

  • {{tl-conj-table|mang|h|i|nayang|h|i|nayang|a=none|d=pang-an|rm-mang-ind=yes|title=manghinayang}}

Affix correspondences

The Tagalog Reference Grammar shows which verb affixes correspond to each other which is important when shifting the trigger or focus of a sentence.

Actor-object-directional correspondences
Class Trigger Example
Actor Object Directional
I um in umabotabutin
um an tumikimtikman
um an dumalodaluhan
um in sumunodsundin
um i an sumulatisulat, sulatan
um in an bumilibilhin, bilhan
II mag an magbukasbuksan
mag i magbabaibaba
mag in maglutolutuin
mag ipag mag-adyaipag-adya
mag pag-an mag-aralpag-aralan
mag an magbayadbayaran
mag pag-an maghatipaghatian
mag i an magbigayibigay, bigyan
mag i in magbatoibato, batuhin
mag i pag-an magbilinibilin, pagbilinan
mag in an mag-alisalisin, alisan
mag ipag pag-an magbiliipagbili, pagbilhan
III mang an manakitsaktan
mang in mangilangankailanganin
mang ipang manganakipanganak
mang pang-an manalopanalunan
mang pang-in manoodpanoorin
mang in mamupopupuin
mang ma manalomatalo
mang pang-an manghinayangpanghinayangan
mang ipang pang-an mangakoipangako, pangakuan
IV ma ipa maligoipaligo
ma ma-an matutomatutuhan
ma pa-an makinigpakinggan
ma an maupoupuan
ma ka-an matakotkatakutan
ma1 pa-an makisamapakisamahan
V maka ma makakitamakita
maka ma-an makaramdammaramdaman

Footnotes:
1Only for root words who have an inherent ki- when conjugated (e.g. (paki)alam, (pakiki)sama, (pakiki)bagay, etc.).

Actor-benefactive-causative-locative correspondences
Class Trigger
Actor Benefactive1 Causative Locative
I um i ika, (i)2 pag-an
II mag ipag ikapag, ipag pag-an
III mang ipang ikapang, ipang pang-an
IV ma ika ka-an, (pag-an)3
V maka ka-an

Footnotes:
1Classes I-III can also form benefactive verbs with -an and pag- -an, but these are generally avoided in formal contexts.
2Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized.
3Some Class IV verbs, particularly those which correspond with the ipa- object affix, use the locative pag- -an affix, instead of the ka- -an affix.

Actor-direct-indirect correspondences
Class Form
Actor direct Actor indirect Actor-secondary indirect
I um magpa pa-in
II mag magpa papag-in
III mang (magpa)1 papang-in
IV ma magpa pa-in
V maka magpa

Footnotes:
1Mang- verbs not derived from any um- or mag- verbs do not form actor indirect verbs.

Object/directional-direct-indirect correspondences
Form
Object/Directional direct Object indirect Directional indirect
in ipa pa-an
i ipa
an pa-an pa-an
ma ipa

Footnotes:
Other object or directional affixes (e.g. pang- -an, ka- -an, etc.) do not form indirect verbs.


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Schachter, P. & Otanes, F. (1972). Tagalog Reference Grammar. University of California Press. →ISBN
  2. ^ Santos, L. (2019). Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. →ISBN

TemplateData

This template constructs a conjugation table for Tagalog verbs with major actor trigger affixes and their corresponding affixes in other triggers, indirect forms, and ability/involuntary forms. For more information, go to this template's documentation page.

Template parameters

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
Titletitle

The page title. If the conjugation table is not placed in a page whose word is not affixed with a major actor verb affix, change the parameter's value to its corresponding actor trigger verb.

Page nameoptional
Actor trigger affix1

The actor trigger affix of the verb ('um', 'mag', 'mang', 'ma', 'maka'). Do NOT put a hyphen beside the affix.

Example
'um' in 'gumawa', 'mag' in 'magbigay'
Stringrequired
First pre-vowel consonant2

The first consonant (or consonant digraph) before the vowel of the first syllable of the root word. If none, leave blank.

Example
The letter 'g' in 'gawa'
Stringrequired
Vowel of first syllable3

The vowel of the first syllable of the root word.

Example
The first letter 'a' in 'gawa'
Stringrequired
Rest of root word4

What remains after removing the first pre-vowel consonant and the vowel of the first syllable of the root word.

Example
The letters 'wa' in 'gawa', the letters 'ksaya' in 'aksaya'
Stringrequired
First pre-vowel consonant (when affixed with -in or -an)5

The first consonant (or consonant digraph) before the vowel of the first syllable of the root word when affixed with -in or -an. If none, leave blank. See Note 1 in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
The letter 'g' in 'gawin'
Stringrequired
Vowel of first syllable (when affixed with -in or -an)6

The vowel of the first syllable of the root word when affixed with -in or -an. See Note 1 in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
The letter 'a' in 'gawin'
Stringrequired
Rest of root word before the -in or -an suffix7

What remains after removing the first pre-vowel consonant and the vowel of the first syllable of the root word BEFORE the -in or -an suffix. Include the letter 'h' or 'n' before the suffix if present. Do NOT include the letters 'in' or 'an' at the end. See Note 1 in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
The letter 'w' in 'gawin', the letters 'lh' in 'bilhin', the letters 'ksayah' in 'aksayahin'
Stringrequired
Corresponding object trigger affixo

The corresponding object trigger affix of the actor trigger verb. If none, leave blank. Do NOT put a hyphen beside the affix, but if the affix is a circumfix, put a hyphen in between the prefix and suffix. See template documentation for affix correspondences.

Example
'in' for 'umabot' (> abutin), 'an' for 'magbayad' (> bayaran), 'pang-in' for 'manood' (> panoorin)
Stringsuggested
Corresponding directional trigger affixd

The corresponding directional trigger affix of the actor trigger verb. If none, leave blank. Do NOT put a hyphen beside the affix, but if the affix is a circumfix, put a hyphen in between the prefix and suffix. See template documentation for affix correspondences.

Example
'an' for 'dumalo' (> daluhan), 'pag-an' for 'magbilin' (> pagbilinan), 'ka-an' for 'matakot' (> katakutan)
Stringsuggested
Irregular verb indicatorir

The affixes with which the verb makes irregular verbs ('in', 'an', or 'in/an'). You may consult the irregular verb table (Note 3) in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
If it forms irregular verbs with the -in affix, place 'in' (tupdin, dakpin, bukhin). If it forms irregular verbs with the -an affix, place 'an' (bigyan, takpan, lagyan). If it forms irregular verbs with both, place 'in/an' (gawin/gawan, kunin/kunan, sundin/sundan).
Stringoptional
Type of nasal assimilationa

The type of nasal assimilation the prefix does with the root word (total, partial, none). Only required for 'mang-' verbs. See Note 2 in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
Place 'total' for total assimilation (manakit, mamili, manganak). Place 'partial' for partial assimilation (manlait, mandakot, mambola). Place 'none' for no assimilation (mangyari, manghina, mang-akit).
Stringoptional
Root wordroot

The root word of the affixed verb. Only use this if the root word differs from the word (or partial word) used to conjugate the verb.

Example
When conjugating 'makisama', the root 'kisama' is used. To prevent the word 'kisama' from appearing in the table, place 'sama' in this parameter.
Stringoptional
Replace locative 'ka-an' affix to 'pag-an'rpl-loc-ka-an

This replaces the default locative 'ka-an' affix to the 'pag-an' affix for 'ma-' (Class IV) verbs. Only use this for some actor 'ma-' (Class IV) verbs.

Example
The locative form of 'matulog' is 'pagtulugan'. To prevent the table from showing the default 'katulugan', fill up this parameter.
Stringoptional
Remove 'mang-' indirect affixrm-mang-ind

This removes the actor indirect affix (magpa-) for some 'mang-' verbs. See Note 4 in the template documentation as a guide.

Example
The verb 'mangisda' cannot accept the 'magpa-' affix. To prevent the table row for the 'magpa-' affix to show up, fill up this parameter.
Stringoptional
Remove ability/involuntary conjugation tablerm-ab

Removes the ability/involuntary conjugation table. Only used for 'ma-' actor verbs corresponding to 'ipa-' object verbs and 'um-' verbs of becoming. It is not needed for 'ma-' (if not correspponding to 'ipa-') and 'maka-' actor verbs as the template removes them for those verbs by default.

Example
The "becoming" verb 'tumanda' cannot accept any ability/involuntary affixes. To prevent the ability/involuntary conjugation table from showing, fill up this parameter.
Stringoptional