The following 210-word list of five Thami dialects is from Regmi, et al. (2014).[1] The dialects covered are:
Baram words from Kansakar (2010)[2] are also provided for comparison.
| Gloss | Thami (Babre) | Thami (Lapilang) | Thami (Suspa Kshamavati) | Thami (Daduwa) | Thami (Chokati) | Baram |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| body | mɑŋ | mɑŋ | mɑŋ | mɑŋ | jiu | aŋ (IA loan) |
| head | kɑpu | kɑpu | kɑpu | kɑpu | kɑpu | kəpu |
| hair | cimyɑŋ | cimeŋ | cimeŋ | mus | mus | sjam |
| face | kʰen | kʰen | kʰen | kʰen | kʰen | mik |
| eye | mese | mese | mesek | mese | mese | mik |
| ear | kulnɑ | kulnɑ | kulnɑ | kulnɑ | kulŋɑ | kuna |
| nose | ciŋɑ | ciŋyɑ | ciŋɑ | cĩyɑ̃ | ciyɑ̃ | cina |
| mouth | uɡo | uɡo | uɡo | ogo | ogo | anam |
| teeth | suwɑ | suwɑ | suwɑ | suwɑ | suwɑ | swa |
| tongue | cile | cile | cile | cile | cile | ce le |
| breast | cucu | cyucyu | cucu | nunu | cucu | nənu |
| belly | bɑŋkɑl | bɑŋkɑl | bɑŋkɑl | bʌŋɡʌl | bʌŋɡɑl | ujaŋ |
| arm/hand | lɑʔ | lɑʔ | lɑk | lɑ | lɑ | hit |
| elbow | uru | ɽuŋ | uru | uru | kuino | kuina (IA loan) |
| palm | oilyɑ | lɑʔ | lɑk | pɑti | lɑ | lapʈa |
| finger | cʰumpi | cʰumpi | cumpi | cyukuri | cukuri | əŋla (IA loan) |
| fingernail | pin | pin | pin | pin | pin | luŋdziŋ |
| leg | konʈe | konʈe | konʈe | konʈe | lɑi | undzik |
| skin | ʃebi | ʃebi | ʃebi | ʃebi | ʃebi | chala (IA loan) |
| bone | koʃɑ | koʃɑ | koʃɑ | koʃyɑ | koʃyɑ | haɖ (IA loan) |
| heart | loŋse | loŋse | loŋsek | loŋse | loŋse | muʈu (IA loan) |
| blood | cɑi | cɑi | cɑi | cʌi | cʌi | cihui |
| urine | uʃi | uʃi | uʃi | uʃi | uʃi | ci |
| feces | kuɽi | kuɽi | kiɽi | kuɽi | kili | ku |
| village | rɑɽe | dese | dese | dese | dese | hannuŋ (IA loan) |
| house | nem | nem | nem | nem | nem | nam |
| roof | cʰɑnɑ | cʰɑnɑ | pɑli | pɑli | cʰɑnɑ | chano |
| door | kʰɑɽoŋ | kʰɑɽuŋ | kʰɑɽo | kʰʌɽu | kʰɑɽu | ɖhoka (IA loan) |
| firewood | seŋ | seŋ | seŋ | seŋ | seŋ | siŋ |
| broom | tʰope | tʰope | tʰope | tʰope | tʰope | astuŋ |
| mortar | yɑmbɑʔ | lokmɑŋ | lokmɑŋ | ʈim | luŋ | siləuʈo (IA loan) |
| pestle | ulum | lok | ulum | ulum | loɦoro | lohoro |
| hammer | ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ | ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ | ʈʰokʈʰoke | ʈʰukʈʰukiɑ | ʈʰokʈʰokyɑ | hətəuɖo (IA loan) |
| knife | ɑikucɑ | ɑikucɑ | ɑikucɑ | kɑrdɑ | cʌkku | ukhmen |
| axe | rɑpɑ | rɑpɑ | rɑpɑ | rɑʔpɑ | rɑpɑ | kəm |
| rope | ʃɑkpɑ | ʃɑkpɑ | ʃɑkpɑ | ʃyɑpɑ | ɖɑmlɑ | ɖori (IA loan) |
| thread | dʰɑɡo | sɑle | benɑ | ʃyɑpɑ | dʰɑgo | ləkthun |
| needle | ɦili | ɦili | yuli | yuli | ɦuli | pənuŋ |
| cloth | myuŋ | miŋmyɑŋ | myuŋ | myũ | myuŋ | mu |
| ring | sɑimundro | sɑimundro | sɑimundro | ʌŋɡuliŋ | ʌũʈʰi | əŋʈhi (IA loan) |
| sun | uni | uni | uni | uni | uni | uni |
| moon | cʌlʌuni | cʌlʌuni | cʌlʌuni | cʌlɑʔuni | cʌlɑuni | cəlauni |
| sky | sʌrɡyɑ | sʌrɡyɑ | sʌrɡe | sʌrɡe | ʌkɑs | akas (IA loan) |
| star | ucʰi | ucʰi | ucʰi | ucʰi | ucʰi | tara (IA loan) |
| rain | pɑŋku | pɑŋkuyusɑ | jʰʌriuɑn | ʃyɑrde | jʰɑri | aŋmət |
| water | pɑŋku | pɑŋku | pɑŋku | pʌŋku | pɑŋku | awa |
| river | ʃoŋ | ʃoŋ | ʃoŋ | ʃoŋ | ʃoŋ | gudul |
| cloud | dʰummɑ | kʰɑʃu | kʰɑsu | dʰummɑ | dʰumpɑ | a mu |
| lightning | mirlisidu | sʌrɡyɑtowɑn | mirliksɑ | miklik | gʌɽɑŋguɽuŋtʰɑ | - |
| rainbow | indreni | indreni | indreni | lʌrkuni | indreni | indreni (IA loan) |
| wind | pʰɑʃɑ | pʰɑʃɑ | pʰɑʃɑ | pʰɑʃyɑ | pʰɑʃyɑ | asi |
| stone | ɽiŋ | ɽiŋ | liŋ | ɽiŋ | lyuŋ | kumba |
| path | ulɑm | ulɑm | ulɑm | ulɑm | ulɑm | uŋma |
| sand | pʰɑʃeɽiŋ | kʰreʔduɽiŋ | jɑŋkʰɑ | syɑŋɖo | bʌluwɑ | balwa (IA loan) |
| fire | me | me | me | me | me | mui |
| smoke | ɑsku | ɑsku | ɑsku | ɑcʰɑ | dʰuwɑ̃tʰɑn | isku |
| ash | tɑrbɑ | trɑbɑ | trɑbɑ | trɑbɑ | tɑbrɑ | maju |
| mud | nɑsɑ | nɑsɑ | nɑsɑ | nɑsɑ | nɑsɑ | nəsa |
| dust | pʰɑʃe | pʰɑsse | dʰule | buʃi | dʰulo | dhulo |
| gold | sun | loŋ | luŋ | ɡoɦo | sun | sun (IA loan) |
| tree | doŋbo | duŋbo | dombo | pole | ruk | sjaŋma |
| leaf | ɑjɑ | ɑjɑ | ɑjɑ | ɑjɑ | ɑjɑ | su |
| root | pole | pole | nɑrɑ | dɑrɑ | jɑrɑ | dzəra |
| thorn | puʈu | puʈu | puʈu | puʈu | puʈu | achu |
| flower | reŋ | reŋ | reŋ | reŋ | reŋ | phul (IA loan) |
| fruit | pʰɑlpʰul | pʰɑlpʰul | pʰɑlpʰul | kʌntʰʌmʌl | pʰɑlpʰul | phalphul (IA loan) |
| mango | ɑ̃p | ɑ̃p | ɑmcur | ɑ̃p | ɑ̃p | əmba (IA loan) |
| banana | muĩ | mui | muĩ | muĩ | mui | umse |
| wheat (husked) | jɑʔcʰo | jɑʔcʰo | jɑkso | jɑcʰo | jɑʔcʰo | gəu |
| barley | ɑkɑn | ɑkɑn | ɑkɑn | ɑkɑn | ɑkɑn | dzəu |
| rice (husked) | jɑke | jɑki | jɑke | meke | jɑke | hadza |
| potato | kwɑi | kwɑi | kwɑi | kwɑi | koi | alu (IA loan) |
| eggplant | bɑnʈɑ | bɑnʈɑ | bʰenʈɑ | bʌnʈɑ | bʰẽɽi | bhənʈa (IA loan) |
| groundnut | bʌdɑm | bʌdɑm | bʌdɑm | bʌdɑm | bʌdɑm | bədam (IA loan) |
| chili | mɑrci | mʌrci | mɑrci | ɑso | kʰorsɑni | asok |
| turmeric | ɦʌrdi | ɦʌrdi | ɦʌrdi | besɑr | besɑr | besar (IA loan) |
| garlic | lʌsun | lʌsun | lʌsun | lʌmbo | lʌsun | ləsun (IA loan) |
| onion | pyɑj | pyɑj | pyɑj | pyɑj | pyɑj | pjadz (IA loan) |
| cauliflower | reŋkopi | reŋkopi | kopi | kɑuli | kɑuli | kauli (IA loan) |
| tomato | bɑnʈɑ | ɡyɑmbɑlɑ | ɡɑmbʌl | bʌnʈɑ | golbʰẽɽɑ | golbhẽɖa (IA loan) |
| cabbage | ɑjɑkopi | ɑjɑkopi | bʌndɑ | bʌndɑ | bʌndɑ | bənda (IA loan) |
| oil | ɑsɑ | ɑsɑ | ɑsɑ | ɑsɑ | ɑsɑ | asa |
| salt | cʰyɑ | cʰyɑ | cʰɑ | cʰyɑ | cʰɑ | cha |
| meat | cici | cici | cici | ɑcʰin | cici | ku sja |
| fat (of meat) | cʰeu | cʰou | cʰeu | cʰo | cʰyʌu | kucho |
| fish | nɑŋɑ | nɑŋɑ | nɑŋɑ | nɑŋɑ | nɑŋɑ | nəŋa |
| chicken | wɑcɑ | wɑcɑ | wɑcɑ | wɑcɑ | wɑcɑ | hocca |
| egg | om | ɑɦum | ɑɦum | ɑum | ɑum | ohom |
| cow | mɑmɑʃyɑ | mɑmɑʃyɑ | mɑmɑʃyɑ | ʃyɑ | ʃyɑ | sja |
| buffalo | meʃɑ | meʃɑ | meʃɑ | meʃyɑ | miʃyɑ | bhəisi (IA loan) |
| milk | olon | olon | olʌn | nunu | nunu | nənu |
| horns | nɑru | nɑru | nɑru | nɑru | nɑru | ujuŋ |
| tail | lime | lime | limek | leme | lime | pitik |
| goat | ʈuɽi | ʈuɽi | ʈuɽi | culi | culi | mi chja |
| dog | kucu | kucu | kucu | kucu | kucu | a kja |
| snake | rul | rul | rul | rul | rul | pəi hu |
| monkey | mɑkɑr | mɑkɑr | mɑkɑr | yu | yu | pəi huk |
| mosquito | ʈinini | ʈinini | ʈinini | lʌkʰʌʈoʈo | lɑmkʰuʈʈe | lamkhuʈʈe (IA loan) |
| ant | ʈiko | ʈiku | ʈiku | cukku | cuku | anap |
| spider | mɑkɑrpɑpɑ | mɑkɑrpɑpɑ | mɑkɑrpɑpɑ | jrɑmpʰɑl | jʌrɑmpɑl | dzənna |
| name | nɑme | nɑme | nɑme | nɑme | nɑme | u men |
| man | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | bal |
| woman | cɑmɑicɑ | cɑmɑicɑ | cɑmɑicɑ | cɑmɑicɑ | cɑmɑicɑ | mama |
| child | ɦocɑ | ucɑ | ɦucɑ | ɦuccɑ | ɦucɑ | uca |
| father | ɑpɑ | ɑpɑ | ɑpɑ | ɑpɑ | ɑpɑ | papa |
| mother | ɑmɑ | ɑmɑ | ɑmɑ | ɑmɑ | ɑmɑ | ama (IA loan) |
| older brother | bubu | bubu | bubu | bubu | bubu | dadze (IA loan) |
| younger brother | ɦu | ɦu | ɦu | ɦu | ɦu | ale |
| older sister | tete | tete | tete | tete | tete | didi (IA loan) |
| younger sister | ɦumi | ɦomi | ɦumi | ɦumi | ɦu | abi |
| son | cɑ | cɑ | cɑ | cɑ | cɑ | ucuwa |
| daughter | cɑmɑi | cɑmɑi | cɑmɑi | cɑmɑi | cɑmɑi | ucuməi |
| husband | lɑwɑ | ʈʰoɽe | lɑwɑ | lɑwɑ | lɑwɑ | ukəi |
| wife | umɑ | umɑ | umɑ | umɑ | umɑ | uməi |
| boy | ʃɑrɑ | ʃɑrɑ | cɑɦucɑ | ʃɑrɑ | cɑ | papaca |
| girl | ʃɑrmɑ | ʃɑrmɑ | cɑmɑicɑ | ʃyɑrmi | cɑmɑi | mamaca |
| day | unise | unise | unise | ʃyɑŋ | unise | unis |
| night | ʈɑɦe | ʈɑɦe | ʈɑe | cyɑe | cyɑ | rat (IA loan) |
| morning | bʌcinʈe | bʌcinʈe | bʌsinʈe | bʌsinʈe | bɑʃe | hamdzaŋ |
| noon | unise | unise | unise | unise | unise | diuso (IA loan) |
| evening | ŋyoɽiŋ | ŋyoɽi | ŋyʌɽiŋ | nyõɽi | cyɑtʰɑn | hole |
| yesterday | miryɑŋ | miryɑŋ | miryɑŋ | merɡʰyɑŋ | merɡʰyɑŋ | minja |
| today | yɑŋ | yɑŋ | yɑŋ | yɑŋ | yɑŋ | təja |
| tomorrow | bɑʈʈʰe | bɑʈʈʰe | bɑʈʰe | bɑʃe | bʰʌĩse | hogei |
| week | ɦʌptɑ | ɦʌptɑ | ɦʌptɑ | loʔʃyɑŋ | sɑtɑdin | həpta (IA loan) |
| month | mʌinɑ | mʌinɑ | mʌɦine | sumcpʃyɑŋ | mʌinɑ | məina (IA loan) |
| year | kɑle | kɑle | kɑle | dɑrɑ | bʌrsʌ | bərsə (IA loan) |
| old | kʰɑru | kʰɑru | kʰɑru | kʰɑru | kʰɑru | cəŋpa |
| new | nɑke | nɑke | nɑkɑ | nɑkɑ | nɑkɑ | kawoi |
| good | ɑprɑ | ɑprɑ | ɑprɑ | kʌstɑ | ɑprɑ | kisen |
| bad | mɑʔɑprɑ | mɑʔɑprɑ | ɦijebɑ | mɑjɑdu | mɑʔɑprɑ | məsen |
| wet | pʰodu | pʰodu | pʰodu | pʰodu | bʰijɑiŋɑn | kjasun |
| dry | ɡɑŋdu | mɑpʰodu | pʰʌŋpʰʌŋ | gʌŋdu | mɑbʰijɑi | sukhkha (IA loan) |
| long | ʌlʌmɡɑ | ʌlʌmɡɑ | ʌlʌmɡɑ | ʌlʌmɡɑ | ʌlʌmɡɑ | alok |
| short | ucʰiɡɑ | ucʰiɡɑ | ucʰikɑ | ucʰiɡɑ | ucʰiɡɑ | ikuri |
| hot | ɑdum | ɑdum | ɑdum | ɑdum | ɑdum | kewon |
| cold | ʈilɑ | ʈilɑ | ɑjik | iji | cilɑŋɑn | kjasun |
| right | cɑkʰur | cɑkʰur | cɑkʰur | cɑkʰur | dɑɦine | daine (IA loan) |
| left | kʰolɑ | kʰolɑ | kʰolɑ | kʰolɑ | debre | debre (IA loan) |
| near | kʰer | kʰer | kʰerte | kʰereŋ | cʰeute | igin |
| far | ʌlʌmtʰɑ | ʌlʌmtʰɑ | ʌlʌmtʰɑ | ʌlʌmtʰɑ | ɑlɑmtʰɑ | kalok |
| big | jekʰɑ | jekʰɑ | jekʰɑ | jekʰɑ | jʰokɑ | alam |
| small | ucyɑ | ucyɑ | ucɑcɑ | ucyɑncɑ | ecenɑ | ikine |
| heavy | ɡʌruŋ | ɡʌruŋ | ɡɑnunidu | gʌrum | ɡʌruŋ | gegruŋ (IA loan) |
| light | ɦʌluŋ | ɦʌluŋ | pʰinpʰincɑ | ɦʌluŋ | ɦʌluŋ | həlka (IA loan) |
| above | ɦyute | ɦyute | ɦyute | ɦyute | ɦyobbi | khuŋ |
| below | nʰɑte | nʰɑte | nʰɑte | nʰɑnɑi | nɑbi | hjaŋ |
| white | ubo | ubo | ubo | ubo | obo | gjabo |
| black | kiji | kiji | kiji | kiji | kiji | ciliŋ |
| red | ɖiŋɖiŋ | ɖiŋɖiŋ | ɖiŋɖiŋ | ɖiŋɖiŋ | keret | phəija |
| one | di | di | di | di | de | de |
| two | nis | nis | nis | nis | nis | nis |
| three | sum | sum | sum | sum | sum | som |
| four | oli | oli | oli | oli | wɑli | car (IA loan) |
| five | wɑlŋɑ | wɑlŋɑ | wɑlŋɑ | wɑ̃lɑ | hwɑlŋɑ | pãc (IA loan) |
| six | mɑt | mɑt | mɑt | mʌt | mɑt | chə (IA loan) |
| seven | rɑ | rɑ | ro | lo | ɽo | sat (IA loan) |
| eight | lɑ | lɑ | lɑ | lɑ | lɑ | aʈh (IA loan) |
| nine | kit | kit | kyut | kit | kit | nəu |
| ten | dicip | dicip | dicip | dicip | dʰicip | dəs |
| eleven | dicipdi | dicipdi | dicipdi | dicipdi | dʰicipde | egharə |
| twelve | dicipnis | dicipnis | dicipnis | dicipnis | dʰicipnis | barə |
| twenty | nisdicip | nisdicip | nisdicip | nisdicip | nisdʰicip | bis |
| one hundred | dicipdicip | dicipdicip | dicipdicip | dicipdicip | dʰicipdʰicip | de səe (IA loan) |
| who | su | su | su | su | su | su |
| what | ɦɑrɑ | ɦɑrɑ | ɦɑrɑ | ɦɑrɑ | ɦɑrɑ | hai |
| where | kutɑ | kutɑ | kutɑ | kutɑ | kutɑ | kuni |
| when | kutɑleŋ | kutɑleŋ | kutɑleŋ | kutɑleŋ | ɦɑŋgɑlyɑŋ | kəile |
| how many | ɦɑni | ɦɑni | ɦɑni | ɦɑ̃lĩ | ɦɑi | kwa |
| which | kundu | kundu | kundu | kundu | kundu | kun |
| this | kɑ | kɑ | kɑ | kɑ | kɑ | jo |
| that | to | to | to | dʰɑ | to | tjo |
| these | kɑbɑŋ | kɑbɑŋ | kɑbɑŋ | kʌpʌliŋ | kɑbɑli | jibaŋ |
| those | tobɑŋ | tobɑŋ | tobɑŋ | topʌliŋ | tobɑŋ | ubaŋ |
| same | to | to | to | to | to | ui |
| different | bʰindʌi | bʰindʌi | beɡɑle | toŋɑkɑ | pʰʌrʌk | phərək (IA loan) |
| whole | sɑkkʰɑle | sɑkʰɑle | sɑkɑle | sɑkɑle | sʌkkʰɑli | səbəi (IA loan) |
| broken | kwɑdu | kwɑʔdu | kwɑɡdu | ʈʰemɑn | cʰyomdu | kipak |
| few | ucʰincɑ | ucʰincɑ | ucʰin | ucʰincɑ | icʰini | jurse |
| many | ɑɦe | ɑɦe | ɑɦe | ɑɦe | ɑɦe | dherəi (IA loan) |
| all | sɑkkʰɑle | sɑkʰɑle | sɑkɑle | sɑkɑle | sʌkkʰɑli | səpəi (IA loan) |
| eat | cyɑsɑ | cyɑsɑ | cyɑsɑ | cyɑsɑ | cyɑsɑ | cago |
| bite | ceʔsɑ | ceʔsɑ | ceksɑ | ceʔsɑ | ceʔsɑ | aŋakko |
| hungry | krɑisɑ | krɑisɑ | kʌrɑisɑ | krʌisɑ | isɑkɑrɑinɑn | hego |
| drink | tunsɑ | tunsɑ | tunsɑ | tuncʰɑ | tuncʰɑ | sjaŋgo |
| thirsty | lɑkɑisɑ | lɑkɑisɑ | lɑkɑsɑ | lɑkɑŋsɑ | lɑkɑinɑn | əs kago |
| sleep | ɑmisɑ | ɑmisɑ | ɑmisɑ | ɑmisɑ | ɑmisɑ | nago |
| lie (down) | pʌlʈʌisisɑ | pʌlʈʌisisɑ | pʌlʈʌisɑ | bliŋsɑ | pʌlʈʌisisɑ | ləllumgo |
| sit | ɦoʔsɑ | ɦoʔsɑ | ɦoksɑ | ɦoʔsɑ | ɦoʔsɑ | hukko |
| give | piʔsɑ | piʔsɑ | pisɑ | piʔsɑ | piccʰɑ | pigo |
| burn | cieʔsɑ | jousɑ | jyoksɑ | joʔsɑ | jyʌusɑ | cimakko |
| die | sisɑ | sisɑ | sisɑ | sisɑ | sisɑ | sigo |
| kill | sɑtcʰɑ | sɑtcʰɑ | sɑtcʰɑ | sʌtcʰɑ | sɑccʰɑ | sat ko |
| fly (v.) | persɑ | persɑ | persɑ | persɑ | persɑ | ublego |
| walk | cɑwɑsɑ | cɑwɑsɑ | cɑwɑsɑ | cɑwɑsɑ | cɑwɑsɑ | dzjogo |
| run | droʔsɑ | droʔsɑ | droksɑ | droʔsɑ | dorʌsɑ | gəbango |
| go | ɦensɑ | ɦensɑ | ɦensɑ | ɦensɑ | ɦensɑ | jago |
| come | rɑʔsɑ | rɑʔsɑ | rɑsɑ | rɑʔsɑ | rɑʔsɑ | təigo |
| speak | cijyɑŋsɑ | cijyɑŋsɑ | cijyɑŋsɑ | cijyɑŋsɑ | cijɑŋsɑ | khəlago |
| hear/listen | nɑsɑisɑ | nɑsɑisɑ | nɑsɑisɑ | nɑsɑisɑ | nɑsɑisɑ | nago |
| look | yoʔsɑ | yoʔsɑ | yosɑ | jyɑpsɑ | jyɑpsɑ | ni go |
| I | ɡɑi | ɡɑi | ɡɑi | ɡʌi | ɡɑi | ŋa |
| you (informal) | nɑŋ | nɑŋ | nɑŋ | nʌŋ | nɑŋ | nuŋ |
| you (formal) | nɑŋtʰe | nɑŋtʰe | nɑŋkʰe | nʌŋ | nɑŋ | nuŋ |
| he | to | to | to | to | to | u (IA loan) |
| she | to | to | to | to | to | u |
| we (inclusive) | ni | ni | ni | ni | tʰe | niru |
| we (exclusive) | ni | ni | ni | ni | tʰe | niru |
| you (plural) | niŋpɑli | niŋpɑli | niŋ | nʌŋpɑliŋ | nʌŋpɑli | tibaŋ |
| they | tobɑŋ | tobɑŋ | tobɑŋ | topɑliŋ | topɑliŋ | ubaŋ |