Appendix:Proto-Nicobarese reconstructions

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The following list of 266 Proto-Nicobarese reconstructions is from Sidwell (2018).

List

No. Gloss Proto-Nicobarese
1 abandon *ɹaː
2 jaw *samaː
3 to eat *saː
4 two *ʔaː
5 knead *kaᵈraːc
6 oil *ŋaːc
7 cloud *faːj
8 tongue *litaːk
9 water *ᵈraːk
10 ripe *ŋaːl
11 blood *mahaːm
12 female, wife *kaːn
13 weave *taːɲ
14 eagle *kalaːŋ
15 mouth *ʔoal-faːŋ
16 open *ʔaːŋ
17 to hear *jaːŋ
18 to hear *haːŋ
19 yawn *hiŋʔaːp
20 jump *caːt
21 coconut *ʔuɹaːʋ
22 fish *kaːʔ
23 wasp *taʋ (?)
24 miss target *ʋac
25 wash *ɹac
26 feces *ʔac
27 die *kapah
28 to know *ʔakah
29 live *ʔah
30 swell *ʔah
31 broom *fana/ɔh
32 sweep *fa/ɔh
33 five *tanaj
34 hand *taj
35 sated *pahaj
36 break, split *ᵈrak
37 to drip *tak
38 to spear *sak
39 throw away *kaʋal
40 dog *ʔam
41 leech *hilam
42 night *ᵈram
43 place, village, country *panam
44 rim, edge *kɹam
45 roe *katam
46 to spear *tam
47 coil *ʋan
48 heavy *laŋan
49 python *tulan
50 hot *taɲ
51 Clf. for trees, posts, hair, etc. *canaŋ
52 cut *faŋ
53 ear *naŋ
54 gall *pintaŋ
55 hot, spicy *haŋ
56 perspiration *hʋaŋ
57 to fence *taŋ
58 answer *sap
59 bite *kap
60 parasite *tap
61 tooth *kanap
62 pick up *cap
63 turtle *kap
64 cut (with knife) *ɹat
65 eyeball *mat
66 seven *sat
67 sour *haɹat
68 deep *ciɹaʋ
69 sour *pacaʋ
70 vomit *-ʋaʋ
71 child *ɲia
72 root *ɹiah
73 sleep *ʔitiak
74 brinjal *kial
75 turn *ʋial
76 tusk *kanial
77 cooked *sian
78 one *hiaŋ
79 stomach *ʋiaŋ
80 can, able *liap
81 centipede *kaʔiap
82 squeak *ʔiat
83 cat *miaʋ
84 tree *ciaʔ
85 who? *ci(h)
86 all, whole *ᵈriːᵈri
87 house *ɲiː
88 road, path *kaɹiː
89 make, do *ʋiː(ʔ)
90 to peel *lic
91 blow nose *sih
92 clam *ŋih
93 come, arrive *(ʔ)jih
94 to sell *ɲih
95 to stitch *ʔicih
96 in (prep.) *ʔin
97 bone *-ʔiŋ
98 hard *ɹiŋ
99 long *caliŋ
100 rain *ʔamis
101 grind *kiɹit
102 tail *ᵈrit
103 elbow *cikeaŋ
104 you *me(h)
105 vein, nerve *ɹaheʔ
106 fibre *hej
107 lice *sej
108 begin *ɹeh
109 duck *ʋet
110 crocodile *ɹeʋ
111 moon *kahɛː
112 reflexive *ᵈrɛː
113 sea *kamalɛː
114 to roll *pumpɛː
115 voice *ŋɛː
116 you *fɛː
117 snake *pɛːc
118 younger brother *kahɛːm
119 thin *ɹikɛj
120 first *ᵈrɛh
121 this (near) *ʔɛ̃h
122 to fly *hɛh
123 stay, dwell *katəː/ɯa
124 breathe *ʔijɯam
125 to perch *ᵈrɯan
126 to wear (skirt) *cɯap
127 to carry on back *ʔupɯaʔ
128 year *sajɯh
129 smell *ʔɯj
130 sniff *hɯt
131 sparrow *ɹəːc
132 wash *səːc
133 wind *fəːj
134 worm *kamləːk
135 night *hatəːm
136 wink, blink *ɲəːp
137 dry *ɹəːh
138 fall, slip *taləh
139 float *təh
140 near *ᵈrəh
141 level *təː
142 swell/abscess *fəː
143 to blow *fəː
144 hiccup *haᵈrək
145 pain *cək
146 stand up *sək
147 heel *kintəl
148 to break *kəl
149 ten *səm
150 to hammer *ᵈrəm
151 crossbow *fəɲ
152 arrive *təŋ
153 play instrument *ᵈrəŋ
154 cover *ᵈrəp
155 to fit, fix *ha-kəp
156 not *ʔət
157 to cut *kət
158 dream *ʔinfua
159 to husk coconut *tuac
160 nail, claw *kinsuah
161 open, uncover *fuah
162 to shave *kuah
163 beckon *ᵈruaj
164 between *huaj
165 snore *ŋuak
166 step *cuak
167 suck *ɲuak
168 to knock *kaᵈruak
169 fruit *ɹuaŋ
170 knee *kanuaŋ
171 window *foaŋ
172 grasp with tongs *tuap
173 birth *kajuaʔ
174 overflow *ɹoac
175 breast *toah
176 nose *moah
177 to cough *ʔoah
178 arm *koal
179 in, inside *ʔoal
180 four *foan
181 fear, afraid *pahoaʔ
182 bat *ʔaluː
183 current, flow *ʋuː
184 green/blue *ŋuː(ʔ)
185 to shed *luːc
186 melt, dissolve *r̰uːc/*r̰əc
187 fly *ɹuːj
188 three *luːj
189 warm *ʔuːj
190 appear *muːk
191 load *ɹuːk
192 place, location *cuːk
193 pull, draw *tuːk
194 gather, collect *muːl
195 prop, support *tuːl
196 six *tafuːl
197 to dig *ʔuːl
198 child *kuːn
199 lip *manuːɲ
200 twist *ʔuːɲ
201 ladder/bridge *ᵈr̰uːŋ
202 door *kuːp
203 cotton *tuːs-a
204 smoke *fuːs
205 a comb *kanuːt
206 hide, conceal *muːt
207 to comb *kuːt
208 to swallow *luːt
209 continue *ɹuh
210 go, return *cuh
211 person *paɹuh
212 untie *luh
213 head *kuj
214 next *tuj
215 back/skin *ʔuk
216 carry on head/shoulder *-tul
217 bunch *tum
218 child *kiɲum
219 navel *fun
220 fern *tuɲ
221 group, collection *puŋ
222 hill *ᵈruŋ
223 cover *ᵈrup
224 pull *put
225 to kick *sut (?)
226 suckle *poː
227 thatch grass *foː
228 drunk *hVjoːj
229 to point *soːk
230 child *kiɲoːm
231 to bend *soːn
232 male *koːɲ
233 to hole *loːŋ
234 to sink *loːŋ
235 thigh *puloːʔ
236 broken *ʔoh
237 chest *ŋoh
238 to strike *foh
239 jerk, pull up *ɲok
240 tie, bind *pok
241 friend *hol
242 cucumber *poŋ
243 kidney *kinpoŋ
244 high *cɔ(ː)ŋ
245 word, speech *ɹɔː(k)
246 snot *ʔinmɔː
247 penis *kulɔːc
248 hair *jɔːk
249 hook *ʋɔːk
250 pick the teeth *sɔːk
251 breathe *ʔuhɔːm
252 bend *ᵈrɔːn
253 pimple *mɔːn
254 mountain *ᵈrɔːŋ
255 neck *ʔuŋ-lɔːŋ
256 wrestle *kapɔːt
257 beat, kill *kɔh
258 fell, slash *-ʋɔh
259 firewood *ʔɔh
260 break (as rope) *tɔk
261 pierce/prick *lɔk
262 to drink *ʔɔk
263 leaf *ᵈrVːj
264 good *lVːŋ
265 crab *kVnVŋ
266 all *kiː

References

  • Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Proto-Nicobarese phonology. In Papers from the Seventh International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics, 101-131. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Special Publication No. 3. University of Hawai’i Press.
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