Appendix:Mienic comparative vocabulary list

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The following comparative vocabulary list for 10 Mienic languages is from Mao Zongwu (2004). There are about 1,550 vocabulary items for 10 datapoints in Mao (2004). Several hundred selected items are listed in this appendix. Note that many recent Chinese loanwords and compound nouns in Mao (2004) have not been included in this appendix.

Datapoints

The comparative vocabulary chart in Mao Zongwu (2004) consists of the following languages.

  1. Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi); autonym: mjen31
  2. Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi); autonym: kjeːm33 mun33
  3. Dongshan Biao Min; autonym: bjau31 min31
  4. Daping Dzao Min; autonym: dzau53 min53
  5. Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan); autonym: mjəŋ31
  6. Changping Mien ( = Biao Mon); autonym: bjau31 moːn31
  7. Luoxiang Mien; autonym: bjau31 mwan31
  8. Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan); autonym: kiːm33 mun33
  9. Shikou Biao Min ( = Chao Kong Meng); autonym: mɔu31 jɔu55
  10. Niuweizhai Biao Min ( = Moxi); autonym: mɔ433 ɕi53

Classification

Mao Zongwu (2004) classifies the Mienic languages varieties of China as follows. Data points studied in Mao (2004) are also listed for each dialect.

  • Mien 勉: 550,000 speakers
    • Guangdian 广滇 dialect: 400,000 speakers
      • Dapingjiang, Jianxin village, Jiangdi township, Longsheng County (龙胜县江底乡建新村大坪江屯)
      • Shinongjiao village, Daxiaohe township, Guanyang County (灌阳县大小河乡石弄脚村)
      • Xianjiacao, Liuding village, Sanjiao township, Jinxiu County (金秀县三角乡六定村仙家槽屯)
      • Fengle village, Panshi township, Rongjiang County (榕江县盘石乡丰乐村)
      • Miaozhu village, Gongkeng township, Ruyuan County (乳源县公坑乡苗竹村)
      • Shuizi'ao village, Liangchahe township, Jianghua County (江华县两岔河乡水子坳村)
      • Yanbian village, Shilixiang township, Jinping County (云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县十里香乡百岩边村)
    • Xiangnan 湘南 dialect: 130,000 speakers
      • Miaoziyuan village, Xiangjiang township, Jianghua County (湖南永州市江华瑶族自治县湘江乡庙子源村)
      • Ganziyuan village, Mianhuaping township, Ningyuan County (湖南省永州市宁远县棉花坪乡柑子园村)
    • Luoxiang 罗香 (Ao Biao 坳标) dialect: 3,000 speakers
      • Luoxiang township, Jinxiu County (广西来宾市金秀瑶族自治县罗香乡罗香村)
    • Changping 长坪 (Biao Man 标曼) dialect: 20,000 speakers in the counties of Mengshan, Pingdong, Zhaoping, and Lipu
      • Dongpingdong village, Changping township, Mengshan County (广西壮族自治区梧州市蒙山县长坪乡东坪垌村)
  • Jinmen 金门: 220,000 speakers
    • Diangui 滇桂 dialect: 166,000 speakers
      • Xinzhai village, Liangzi township, Hekou County (云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州河口瑶族自治县梁子乡新寨村)
      • Nacai village, Dulong township, Malipo County (云南省文山麻栗坡县都龙乡那才村)
      • Suoshanjiao village, Yaoqu township, Mengla County (云南省勐腊县瑶区乡梭山脚村)
      • Lanjin township, Lingyun County (广西壮族自治区百色市凌云县览金乡览金村)
      • Xintun, Jiajiang village, Sanjiao township, Jinxiu County (广西壮族自治区来宾市金秀瑶族自治县三角乡甲江村新屯)
    • Fanghai 防海 dialect: 60,000 speakers
      • Tansan township, Fangcheng County (广西壮族自治区防城县十万大山区滩散乡滩散村)
      • Xin'an village, Daping township, Qiongzhong County (海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县大平乡新安村)
  • Biao Min 标敏: 40,000 speakers
    • Dongshan 东山 dialect: 35,000 speakers
      • Shuanglong, Huanglong village, Dongshan township, Quanzhou County (全州县东山乡黄龙村双龙屯)
    • Shikou 石口 dialect: 8,000 speakers
      • Shikou village, Sanjiang township, Gongcheng County (恭城县三江乡石口村)
    • Niuweizhai 牛尾寨 dialect: 2,000 speakers
      • Niuwei village, Sanjiang township, Gongcheng County (恭城县三江乡牛尾村)
  • Zao Min 藻敏: 60,000 speakers
    • Daping township, Liannan County (连南县大坪乡大坪村)

List by semantic category

Nature and environment

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
天 sky luŋ³¹ luŋ³¹ guŋ³³ guːŋ³³ ðuŋ³¹ guŋ³¹ vaŋ⁵³ lwə³¹ tʰjen³³ ɣɯ⁵³
地 earth dau³³ dau³³ ni³¹ ni¹³ tei²² tei¹³ a⁴⁴nɛi⁴⁴ dəi²⁴ ti¹² ŋwjei³³
太阳 sun bu³¹n̥oːi³³ nui³¹nwa³³ bu³³noi³¹ buː³³nɔːi³³ bə³¹nwai³³ pa³¹n̥ɔi³³ a⁴⁴nai⁴⁴ n̥i⁴²tau³¹ mwə³³nwei³³ nwai³³
月亮 moon ɬa²⁴ a³⁵gjaŋ³³ la²¹ la³³¹ la⁵⁵ la⁵⁵ lɔu²²kɔu²⁴ la²⁴gwaŋ³³ lu⁴⁴kɔŋ³³ lɔu⁴⁴kjaŋ³³
星星 star ɬei²⁴ ɬei³⁵ tθiŋ³⁵tau⁵⁴⁵ θiŋ³⁵ ðei⁵⁵ gei⁵⁵ hɔu⁴⁴hɛŋ⁴⁴ ɕɛ³³tsaŋ³⁵ sjaŋ³² hɣɯi⁴⁴
虹 rainbow tɕuŋ³³ kɔŋ³⁵ kuŋ³³kaŋ⁴⁴ kuŋ³³kaːŋ³³⁵ han²²ðəŋ³¹ pun¹¹guŋ³¹ tuŋ⁵³ŋaŋ⁴⁴tsu²⁴ klə³³ hɔŋ⁵⁵ kaŋ³³
云 cloud mou¹³ məu¹¹ van⁴⁴ bɔn³³⁵ boːn³⁵ bwən³⁵ vɔn⁴² hwan²⁴ vɛŋ⁴⁴ ɣɯ⁵³jəŋ⁵³
雾 fog mou¹³ məu¹¹ baŋ²²dai⁵⁴⁵ buŋ³²daːi⁵⁵ vəm³³mau²² vjen²¹muŋ²¹³ mu²² ɕi⁵³mɔŋ⁴² ŋɔŋ⁵⁵leu¹³fu³¹ mɔŋ³¹
风 wind dzjaːu²⁴ dzja³⁵ ȡaːu⁴⁴ ȡaːu³³⁵ dzjau³⁵ dʑau³⁵ dzau⁴² hja²⁴ jau⁴⁴ hja⁴⁴
雨 rain bjuŋ¹³ buŋ¹¹ buŋ²² buŋ³² bloŋ²² bluŋ¹¹ a⁴⁴biŋ²² blə⁴² pljɔŋ¹³ pɣɯ³¹
雪 snow bwan²⁴ bwaŋ³⁵ van⁴⁴ bɔn³³⁵ bwən³⁵ bwən³⁵ ban⁴² bin²⁴ pən⁴⁴ pwən⁴⁴
雹子 hailstone po¹² pɔ²¹ pjau²² ʔpjɔ³³⁵ po²¹ ja³²plɔ³² ban⁴²pɔu²² bin²⁴pʰɔ⁴² la³¹plɔu⁵⁵ pʰɔ⁵³
冰 ice bwan²⁴ bwəŋ³⁵ kat²¹ bɔn³³⁵ θɔŋ³⁵tiŋ³³ bwən⁵⁵ ban⁴² bin²⁴ ȵaŋ³¹dɔŋ⁴⁴ pwən⁴⁴
霜 frost soːŋ³³ sɔŋ³³ tθɔŋ³¹ θɔːŋ¹³ θɔŋ³³ ɕɔŋ³³ sɔŋ⁴⁴ sɔ³³ ba⁵⁵sjɔŋ³³ ɕɔ³³
露 dew bjuŋ¹³suːi⁵² buŋ¹¹swei⁵³ buŋ²²wam³⁵ kja³³⁵vɔm³⁵ kja³⁵ ka³⁵ ta⁴²m̩²⁴ kla³⁵ən³³ sjɔŋ³³ɕi³⁵ ɕɔ³³wən³³
雷 thunder bwo²³¹ bu³¹kəu⁵³ bu³³kɔŋ³⁵ bu³³kɔːŋ³⁵ bu³³ bu³³ bjau⁴⁴kɔŋ⁴⁴ lwəi³¹ dœn⁵⁵bu⁴⁴ pɯ⁵³kɔŋ³³
闪电 lightning bwo²³¹liːŋ⁵³ gja²¹bu³³liŋ¹¹ buŋ³³bit²¹tou³² buŋ³³biːt³²ʔtɔu²¹ ðja²¹ðin²² gap³²giŋ¹¹ bjau⁴⁴mai²² hjan⁴²kwai³⁵ fe³³tjen¹³
河 river swaŋ³³ swəŋ³³ waŋ⁴⁴ vaːŋ³⁵ daːi³¹ ɕwəŋ³³ a⁴⁴dɔi⁵³ da³¹ twei⁵⁵ tai⁵³
海 sea kʰoːi⁵² kʰwa⁵³ kɔi⁴³ kʰɔːi⁴² haːi³¹ kʰɔi⁵³ a⁴⁴hɔi²⁴ kʰwai³⁵ kai³⁵ kʰwai³⁵
湖 lake hu³¹ hu³¹ wam³⁵dɔm³¹ dam³¹dɔ³² hu³¹ tʰɔm¹¹glaːŋ³¹ vu²⁴ hu⁴² həu⁵⁵ fu⁵³
水塘 pond dʑaːŋ³¹ gaŋ³¹ wam³⁵dlaŋ¹³ glaːŋ³³ wəm³³glaːŋ³¹ glaːŋ³¹ a⁴⁴gɔŋ⁵³ glaŋ³¹ vən³³tœn³¹ kɣaŋ⁵³
水 water wam³³ wəŋ³³ wam³⁵ wɔm³⁵ wəm³³ wəm³³ m̩²⁴ ən³³ vən³³ wən³³
洪水 flood lu¹³wam³³ lu¹¹wəŋ³³ wam³⁵lu³¹ wɔm³⁵lu¹³ bə¹¹lau²² wəm³³lou¹¹ m̩²⁴sjɛ⁴⁴ waŋ³¹ən³³ dœn⁵⁵vən³³ tan⁵³wən³³
水井 well (water) wam³³tsiːŋ⁵² wəŋ³³tsiŋ⁵³ wam³⁵tθiːŋ⁵⁴⁵ wɔm³⁵θiŋ⁵⁵ wəm³³θiŋ⁵³ wəm³³θiŋ⁵³ m̩²⁴tɛŋ²⁴ tɕɛ³⁵ vən³³tsjaŋ³⁵ wən³³fjɯ⁴³⁵
水沟 ditch wam³³tswan²⁴ wəŋ³³tswəŋ³⁵ wam³⁵pui³⁵ wɔm³⁵kjau⁵⁵ wəm³³tswəm³⁵ wəm³³tɕwən³⁵ m̩²⁴ku⁴⁴ ən³³kʰlɛ³³ vən³³tɕen³³ wən³³tɕən⁴⁴
水坝 dam, dike wam³³puːi³³ wəŋ³³pui³³ wam³⁵tɔŋ²² wɔm³⁵ʔpɛːi³³ pei³³ pei³³ a⁴⁴bi⁴⁴ ȵwan³⁵ bwei³³ bei³³
小溪 creek si²¹jaŋ²⁴ swəŋ³³twaŋ³³ daŋ⁴³sun⁵⁴⁵ wɔm³⁵kjɛːn³⁵ wəm³³vaŋ⁵⁵ ɕwəŋ¹¹twən³³ dɔi⁵³dan⁴⁴ kʰlɛ³³ twei⁵⁵dən³³
火 fire tou²³¹ təu²³² tou³² ʔtɔu³¹ tau¹²¹ tou²¹³ a⁴⁴tu⁴⁴ təu⁴² teu³¹ tʰu⁴³³
火苗 flame tou²³¹bjet¹² təu²³²bje²¹ tou³²bjet²¹ ʔtɔu³¹bjɛːt³² tau¹²¹blet²¹ tou²¹³bjap³² tu⁴⁴bɛt²² tʰəu⁵³blin⁴² teu³¹pje³¹ tʰu⁴³³pʰɣe⁵³
火烟 smoke tou²³¹sjou²⁴ təu²³²sjəu³⁵ tou³²sou²¹ ʔtɔu³¹ɕɔu³¹¹ tau¹²¹om³³ tou²¹³ɕeu⁵⁵ tu⁴⁴ɛn⁴⁴ təu⁴²jɛn³³ teu³¹ɕɔu⁴⁴ tʰu⁴³³ɕəu⁴⁴
火灰 ashes saːi⁵² swa⁵³ tou³²sai⁴³ ʔtɔu³¹ɕaːi⁴² θwai⁵³ ɕwai⁵³ a⁴⁴sɔi²⁴ swai³⁵ teu³¹ɕi¹³ swei³⁵
火炭 charcoal tou²³¹tʰaːn²⁴ təu²³²tʰaŋ³⁵ tou³²tan²¹ ʔtɔu³¹tʰaːn³³¹ tau¹²¹tʰaːn⁵⁵ tou²¹³tʰaːn³⁵ tu⁴⁴hɔn⁴² tʰəu⁵³tʰan²⁴ teu³¹tɕɔŋ³⁵ tu⁵³tʰan⁴⁴
山 mountain tɕiːm³¹ kəŋ³¹ kjeːm³³ kiːm³³ kjəm³¹ kem³¹ a⁴⁴kui⁴² dən³¹ kleŋ⁵⁵ kɣeŋ⁵³
崖 cliff bɛːŋ²⁴ gjaːu³⁵bɛːŋ³³⁵ beŋ³⁵ bɛŋ³⁵ a⁴⁴bɛŋ⁴² bɛ³⁵ heŋ³⁵
石头 stone lai³¹pjei⁵² lau³³pei⁵³ gjau³⁵pjei⁵⁴⁵ gjaːu³⁵ʔpjɛi⁵⁵ ðau³³plei⁵³ gau³³ dzu⁴⁴pɛi²⁴ lau³³pli³⁵ lɔu³³pli³⁵ ɣau³³pɣui³⁵
洞 cave kʰot⁵⁵ kʰwə⁵⁴ kɔt⁵⁴ kʰɔːt¹² kʰwət⁵⁴ kʰot⁵⁴ a⁴⁴sin⁴⁴ kʰwan⁵³ kʰwɛ³⁵ kʰwə⁵⁵
田 field liːŋ³¹ liŋ³¹ giŋ³³ giːŋ³³ ðiŋ³¹ giŋ³¹ ljaŋ⁵³ lje³¹ ljaŋ⁵⁵ ɣɯ⁵³
山坡 hillside tɕei³¹tsoːŋ³³ bjəŋ³⁵ ȶɔŋ³⁵ bɔu³³⁵ kjəm³¹plau²² kem³¹twən³³ a⁴⁴bjaŋ²² dəu³⁵dəu³⁵ kleŋ⁵⁵pjɛ³³ tɕɔ⁴⁴
泥 mud nje³³ ȵe³³ ni³¹ ni¹³ ni²² ni¹¹ a⁴⁴nɛi⁴⁴ n̥i³³ ŋe³³ ŋwjei³³
路 road tɕau⁵² kau⁵³ kjau⁵⁴⁵ kjau⁵⁵ kjau⁵³ kjau⁵³ a⁴⁴tsu²⁴ kla³⁵ klɔu³⁵ kɣau³⁵
桥 bridge tɕou³¹ tɕəu³¹ ȶou³³ ȶɔu³³ kjau³¹ tɕou³¹ a⁴⁴ku⁵³ ȶəu³¹ tɕiu⁵⁵ kjəu⁵³
坟墓 grave tsou⁵² tsəu⁵³ tθou⁵⁴⁵ θɔu⁵³ θau⁵³ θou⁵³ a⁴⁴pun⁵³ tsəu³⁵ tseu³⁵ tsu³⁵
尘土 dust nje³³buŋ³³ buŋ³³tsjəŋ³¹ ni³¹ ni¹³buŋ¹³ ni²²boŋ³³ ni¹¹bwən³³ a⁴⁴sɔi²⁴ mən²⁴dʑin⁴² pʰɔŋ³³tsaŋ³³ ŋwjei³³pʰuŋ³³
金 gold tɕom³³ tɕəŋ³³ sam³⁵ ɕam³⁵ kjəm³³ tɕem³³ kɛm³³ ȶan³³ tɕan³³ tɕwan³³
银 silver ȵaːn³¹ ȵwaŋ³¹ ȵaːn³³ ȵaːn³³ ȵwan³¹ ȵwan³¹ ȵan⁵³ ȵan³¹ ȵun⁵⁵ ȵwan⁵³
铜 copper toŋ³¹ toŋ³¹ tɔŋ³³ ʔtɔːŋ³³ təŋ³¹ toŋ³¹ a⁴⁴tuŋ⁵³ tɔŋ³¹ dɔŋ⁵⁵ tɔŋ⁵³
铁 iron ɬje⁵⁵ ɬje⁵⁴ gja²¹ gja¹² ðja⁴⁵ gja⁴³ a⁴⁴ljɛ⁴⁴ ɬja⁵³ lja³⁵ hɣa⁵⁵
锡 tin fi⁵⁵ fei⁵⁴ tθɛ²⁴ θɛ³⁵ θe⁵⁴ θe⁴³ ɕi⁵³ sja²² si⁵⁵
年 year ȵ̥aŋ²⁴ ȵ̥aŋ³⁵ ȵaŋ²¹ ȵaŋ³³¹ ȵaŋ⁵⁵ ȵaŋ⁵⁵ ȵaŋ⁴² ȵ̥aŋ²⁴ ȵaŋ⁴⁴ ȵaŋ⁴⁴
月 month ɬa²⁴ ɬa³⁵ la²¹ la³³¹ la⁵⁵ la⁵⁵ ŋou⁴² ɬa²⁴ lu⁴⁴ la⁴⁴ȵa³¹
天(日) day n̥oːi³³ n̥wa³³ nɔi³¹ nɔːi¹³ nwai³³ n̥ɔi³³ nai⁴⁴ n̥wai³³ nwei³³ nwai³³

Animals

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
鱼 fish bjau²³¹ bau²³² bjau³² bjau³¹ blau¹²¹ bjau²¹³ a⁴⁴biu⁴⁴ bla⁴² plɔu³¹ pʰɣau⁴³³
虾 shrimp tɕʰa³³koːŋ¹³ ka³¹sa⁵⁴ ȶʰa¹³ kʰa³³ tɕʰa³³ ha⁵³kuŋ⁴⁴ kʰa⁵³kɔŋ³³ ha⁵⁵ tɕʰa⁵³kɔŋ³³
螃蟹 crab dʑiːm³¹gwai²³¹ dziŋ³¹gwai³³ kjam⁴⁴ȵei³⁵ kjam³⁵ȵaːi³⁵ kə³dzjaːi³³ ka¹¹dʑai³³ kuŋ⁴⁴kjɛ⁵³ ɕi⁵³ȡai³³ vɔŋ⁵⁵ȵan⁵⁵klaŋ³³ hɔ⁵³fwai³³
螺蛳 snail, river tɕwei³³ kwei³³ uŋ³³a⁴³gwei³⁵ kwɛi³⁵ kwjei³³ kwei³³njeu⁵³ ki⁴⁴ kli³³ kle³³ kɣai³³
蜗牛 snail, land tɕwei⁵² kwei⁵³ kjɛŋ³⁵kwei⁵⁴⁵lak³² ɕɔu³³gjɛn³³¹kwɛi³⁵ kjəm³¹kwjei³³ kwei³³ɔŋ³⁵ kɛt²²lɛt⁴⁴fɔu⁴⁴ kjau³⁵ kle³³ŋi³¹ɔŋ⁵⁵ taŋ⁵³kɣai³³
青蛙 frog tɕɛːŋ⁵² tɕɛŋ⁵³ kjɛŋ⁵⁴⁵ ȶɛːŋ⁵⁵ kjeŋ⁵³kwai⁵³ ka¹¹dʑwa⁵³ tsap²²tsɔu²² ma⁴²kwa³⁵ kai³³kwə³⁵ ma⁵³kwai³⁵
蝌蚪 tadpole tɕɛːŋ⁵²nou³³ tɕɛŋ⁵³nuŋ³³ kjɛŋ⁵⁴⁵plɔŋ⁴⁴ ȶɛːŋ⁵⁵ʔplɔːŋ³³⁵ kjeŋ⁵³ðjen³¹ tɕɛŋ³¹vɛŋ³¹ tsjaŋ⁵³ku²⁴njam⁴² ma⁴²kwa³⁵duŋ³³dui³³ ni⁵⁵hai⁵⁵ taŋ⁵³taŋ⁵³kɣɯ³⁵
乌龟 tortoise, turtle tu¹³ȵɛːŋ¹³ u³³kui³³ to²² ʔtu³² tu²² to¹¹ tup⁴⁴pɛi³⁵ u⁵³kui³³ ljaŋ³¹bi³⁵ tu³¹
鳖 softshell turtle tu¹³ bje³⁵ pit⁵⁴ ʔpit³⁵ pit⁵⁴ pit⁴³ bjɛt⁴⁴ bi³⁵ pi⁵⁵
癩蛤蟆 toad tɕɛːŋ⁵²kop⁵⁵ tɕɛŋ⁵³tsəu³¹ ȶam³³ȶɔu³³ kjeŋ⁵³tsau³¹ tɕam¹¹tɕou³¹ tsjɛm⁴²pɔu⁵³ni⁴⁴ la⁵³sa³³ma⁴²kwa³⁵ kai³³kwə³⁵di²² kɣɯ³⁵lai³³
龙 dragon tɕuŋ³³ kuŋ³³ kuŋ³⁵ kuŋ³⁵ kjoŋ³³ kuŋ³³ luŋ⁵³ ljuŋ³¹ kljɔŋ³³ kɣɯ⁵³
蛇 snake naːŋ³³ naŋ³³ naŋ³⁵ naːŋ³⁵ naŋ³³ naːŋ³³ a⁴⁴nɔŋ⁴⁴ naŋ³³ nu³³ naŋ³³
蜥蜴 lizard naːŋ³³ku³¹laːŋ¹³ kə³¹si³¹lwaŋ¹¹ duŋ³³sɛt²¹ kɛːŋ³⁵ɕa³³ bləu¹²¹ðjai¹²¹kəŋ³³ naːŋ³³kun¹¹ nɔŋ⁴⁴kai²⁴tɔŋ⁵³ ȶa⁵³sɛ³³paŋ³³ lɔu³¹vuŋ⁵⁵nu³³
鸟 bird no¹² nɔ²¹ nɔ²² nɔ³² nu²¹ nu³² a⁴⁴nɔu²² n̥ɔ⁴² nɔ²² nɔ⁵³
乌鸦 crow no¹²a³³ nɔ²¹a³³² uŋ²²a⁴³ u⁵⁵a³² la³¹a¹²¹ nu³²a³³ at²²lɔu²²pɔu²² tin⁴²klaŋ³⁵ dœn⁵⁵a³³ lɔ⁵³a³³
画眉鸟 laughingthrush (Garrulax canorus) hwa³¹mei³¹ nɔ²¹mei³¹ bu³³mei³³ jaŋ³³mjɛu³³nɔ³² nu²¹mai³¹ vɔŋ¹¹m̥ei⁵³ mai⁵³van⁴²nɔu²² wa³¹mi⁴² vaŋ³¹miŋ⁵⁵nɔ²² hwaŋ⁵³mi³¹nɔ⁵³
猫头鹰 owl no¹²ku⁵² nɔ²¹ku⁵³ nɔ²²ko⁵⁴⁵ nɔ³²ku⁵⁵ nu²¹ku⁵³ nu³²kou⁵³ ku⁴²kau⁴²mjɛn²⁴pɛi²⁴ kau³⁵kʰɔ³⁵ nɔ²²tɕwən³³ tɕaŋ⁵³mwei³¹nɔ⁵³
燕子 swallow (bird) pu³¹ɕin²⁴ nɔ²¹iŋ³⁵ uŋ³³in⁴⁴ uŋ³³in³³⁵ nu²¹si³¹in³⁵ nu³²in³⁵ aŋ⁴⁴ɛn²⁴ ɕi⁵³in³⁵ heu⁵⁵jun³¹ nɔ⁵³in³³
麻雀 sparrow no¹²maːu³¹toːn³³ nɔ²¹mei³⁵ nɔ²²kei²² nɔ³²kɛi³² nu³²diu⁵³ tiŋ⁵³kai²²si⁴⁴ tɕɔ⁵³tɕaŋ³⁵ tɕi⁵⁵kliu³¹ tʰjəu⁵³pʰɣau⁵³nɔ⁵³
老鹰 eagle tom³¹tɕaːŋ⁵² tuŋ³¹kaŋ⁵³ tlaŋ⁵⁴⁵ klaːŋ⁵³ klaːŋ⁵³ tʰɔm¹¹klaːŋ⁵³ tam⁵³kjaŋ²⁴ ŋa⁴²jɛn³³ saŋ³³ŋɛ⁵⁵ ŋje⁵³
鹞鹰 Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) tom³⁵tɕaːŋ⁵²ju¹³ jau³⁵tsei⁵³ tlaŋ⁵⁴⁵hiu³¹ hiːu³³¹ klaːŋ⁵³hiu²² hiu¹¹twən³³ a²²dziu⁴⁴ jɛu⁴² tɕe³³dən³³ kɣaŋ³⁵
蝙蝠 bat bap¹²buːi³³ buŋ³¹bui³⁵ tlo⁵⁴⁵bui³¹ kja⁵⁵bui¹³ kə³¹buːi³³ ka³¹bui³³ baŋ⁴⁴bai⁴⁴ pʰai⁵³səu³⁵ bɔŋ³³bwei³³
牛 cattle ŋoŋ³¹ ŋuŋ³¹ ŋɔŋ³³ ŋɔːŋ³³ ŋoŋ³¹ ŋoŋ³¹ a⁴⁴ŋ̩⁵³ ȵuŋ³¹ ŋɔŋ⁵⁵ ŋɔŋ⁵³
马 horse ma²³¹ ma²³² ma³² ma³¹ ma¹²¹ ma²¹³ a⁴⁴ma⁴⁴ ma⁴² ma³¹ ma⁴³³
羊 sheep juŋ³¹ juŋ³¹ juːŋ³³ juːŋ³³ joŋ³¹ juŋ³¹ a⁴⁴dziŋ⁵³ wjə³¹ jɔŋ⁵⁵ jɯ⁵³
猫 cat mu³¹lom³¹ ma³¹miu³⁵ mau³³ mɛu³⁵ mjaːu³³ mɛu¹¹ kjaŋ⁵³kjaŋ⁴⁴mɛu⁵³ ma⁴²niu³⁵ mau⁵⁵ mau⁵³
兔子 rabbit tʰou²⁴ tʰu³⁵tsei⁵³ tu²¹ tʰu³³¹ tu⁵⁵ tou⁵⁵ tu⁴²tɛi⁴² tʰəu⁵³tsaŋ³⁵ tʰeu⁴⁴dən³³ tʰu⁵³twan³³
狗 dog tɕu⁵² ku⁵³ tlo⁵⁴⁵ klu⁵⁵ kju⁵³ klo⁵³ a⁴⁴ku²⁴ klu³⁵ klu³⁵ kɣəu³⁵
鸡 chicken tɕai³³ tɕai³³ ȶai³⁵ ȶaːi³⁵ kai³³ tɕai³³ a⁴⁴kui⁴⁴ tɕi³³ kai³³ kjai³³
鸭 duck aːp⁵⁵ a⁵⁴ aːp²⁴ aːp³⁵ aːp⁴⁵ aːp⁴³ a⁴⁴ap⁴⁴ an⁵³ æ²² ai⁵⁵
鹅 goose ȵe³¹ ŋɔ³¹ ŋa³³ ŋa³³ ŋo³¹ ŋa³¹ a⁴⁴ŋɛi⁵³ ŋɔ³¹ ȵwei⁵⁵ ŋwai⁵³
猪 pig tuŋ²³¹ tuŋ²³² tuŋ³² ʔtuŋ³¹ toŋ¹²¹ tuŋ²¹³ tiŋ⁴⁴ twə⁴² tjɔŋ³¹ tʰjɯ⁴³³
老虎 tiger tom³¹jen³¹ tuŋ³¹sjəŋ³¹ gjaːn³³ gjan³³ dzjen³¹ dʑan³¹ a⁴⁴kjɛn⁵³ jɛn³¹ tcwən⁵⁵ tɕan⁵³
豹子 leopard tom³¹sjen³¹beu²⁴ bau³⁵tsei⁵³ gjaːn³³mjeu³² gjan³³ʔpau³³⁵ dzjen³¹miu³⁵ dʑan³¹ bɛu⁴² pau²⁴hu⁴² peŋ³³keu³⁵dən³³
象 elephant tsaːŋ²³¹ tswaŋ²³² kjaŋ³² kjaːŋ³¹ dzaːŋ³⁵ θɛŋ²¹³ sjaŋ⁴⁴ ɕaŋ³⁵ tsjɔŋ³¹ sjaŋ⁴³³
熊 bear tɕop⁵⁵ kəu⁵⁴ kjap⁵⁴ kjaːp³⁵ kjəp⁵⁴ kjep⁴³ kljɛ³⁵ kɣwa⁵⁵
猴子 monkey biːŋ³³ biŋ³¹wjaŋ³¹ du³⁵biŋ³⁵ do³⁵biŋ³⁵ bi³¹du³³ biŋ³³ ȵan²²ka⁴⁴bjaŋ⁴⁴ həu⁴²swən³³ mjen³³nau³⁵ ma⁵³ɣəu⁵³
麂子 muntjac, deer tɕuŋ³³ tɕuŋ³³ ȶuːŋ³⁵ kum³³ȡai³³ ki⁵³ tɕuŋ³³ tɕi⁵³tsɿ⁵³ tɕe³⁵dən³³ tɕwei³⁵
水獺 otter tsʰat⁵⁵ tsʰa⁵⁴ ȶat³² ȶʰaːt¹² saːt⁵⁴ ɕaːt⁴³ a⁴⁴hat⁴⁴ sui⁵³tʰa⁴² vuŋ⁵⁵tʰe³³ jaŋ⁵³tsʰai⁵⁵
刺猪 porcupine djen³¹dzei¹³ djəŋ³¹dzei¹¹ van³² dɛi³² ðei²² dei¹¹ ka²²hɛi²² tʰjɛ⁵³jɛn³¹ tɕa⁵³kjiŋ³⁵
老鼠 rat naːu²³¹ lai³¹tɕuŋ³³ du³⁵ du³⁵ du⁵⁴ du⁴³ kjaŋ⁵³kjaŋ⁴⁴ kla²⁴ vi³⁵nɔ³¹ nai⁴³³tɕi³⁵
松鼠 squirrel bop⁵⁵ tɕəŋ⁵³ bup⁵⁴ ɕɛn⁵⁵ dʑi¹²¹ bup⁴³ a⁴⁴dzai²⁴ pwən⁵⁵keu³⁵vɔŋ⁵⁵
虫 insect tɕɛːŋ³³ kɛŋ³³ kjɛŋ³⁵ kɛːŋ³⁵ kjeŋ³³ kɛŋ³³ a⁴⁴tsaŋ⁴⁴ klɛ³³ klaŋ³³ kɣɯ³³
蜜蜂 bee mwei²³¹muŋ⁵² mwei²³² mei³²muŋ⁵⁴⁵ mɛi³¹muŋ⁵⁵ mui¹²¹toŋ³¹ mwei²¹³ a⁴⁴mui⁴⁴ mi⁴² mi³¹ mwei⁴⁴twaŋ³³
黄蜂 wasp mwei²³¹wjaŋ³¹ȵ̥en³³ mei³²waŋ³³ mɛi²¹kɛi⁵⁵ mui¹²¹ mwei²¹³kei⁵³ mui⁴⁴vjaŋ⁵³ki⁴² pɛ⁴²pʰɔŋ³³ vuŋ⁵⁵fɔŋ³¹
蚊子 mosquito muŋ²³¹ȵai³¹ muŋ²³²ȵa³¹ kjɛŋ³⁵va²¹ kɛːŋ³⁵θau³³daːu⁵⁵ moŋ¹²¹ mwəŋ²¹³ mɔŋ⁴⁴tup²²du²⁴ mə⁴²twan⁵³ tsɔu⁴⁴dɔu³⁵mɔŋ³¹ tjɔ⁵³tsau³⁵mɯ⁴³³
蝇子 housefly muŋ²³¹ muŋ²³² kjɛŋ³⁵gjam³¹ buŋ³³gjam¹³ pu³¹laːm¹²¹ mwei¹¹gaːm³³ a⁴⁴mɔŋ⁴⁴ mə⁴² san³⁵mɔŋ³¹ mɯ⁴³³
蝴蝶 butterfly sap⁵⁵paŋ³³ fei³³mau³³mau³³ buŋ³³blou³² buŋ³³blɔu³¹ kə³¹bjəu⁵⁵ ka³¹bjeu⁵⁵ sap⁵³saŋ²²bɛt⁴⁴ sui⁵³bja⁴² pu⁵⁵pjɔn⁴⁴ pʰu⁵³pʰjəu⁴⁴
蜻蜓 dragonfly dʑiːŋ³¹guŋ⁵² dziŋ³¹guŋ³³ kjɛŋ³⁵luŋ⁵⁴⁵ kɛːŋ³⁵nɔŋ⁵⁵ bu³¹noŋ⁵³ nu⁴³guŋ⁵³ ŋaŋ⁵³ŋɛi²² glɔ³⁵ koŋ³³kaŋ³⁵ nɔ³¹ni³³
萤火虫 firefly ȵɛːŋ³¹kʰwje⁵² jaŋ³¹hɔ⁵³tsoŋ³¹ duŋ³³niŋ³⁵tou³² niɬŋ³³⁵ʔtɔu³¹ kə⁵³ðit⁵⁴kwəŋ³³ tɛŋ¹¹nɛŋ³¹tou²¹³ tuŋ⁵³nɛŋ⁴⁴kɔu⁴⁴ ku⁵³ku⁵³n̥ɛŋ³³ kʰliŋ³⁵teu³¹kʰliŋ³⁵ mwei⁵³tɕaŋ³³kɣɯ³³
蜈蚣 centipede sap⁵⁵ u³¹koŋ³³ tθap³² θaːp¹² θap⁵⁴ ɕap⁴³ bjau⁴⁴kuŋ⁴⁴tsap⁴⁴ u³³kuŋ³³ vuŋ⁵⁵kɔŋ³³ljəŋ⁵⁵ sai⁵⁵
蜘蛛 spider ke³¹ȵo¹³ kɛŋ³³ȵɔ¹¹ kjɛŋ³⁵ȵa⁵⁴⁵ kɛːŋ³⁵ȵaːu⁵⁵ kjeŋ³³kja¹²¹ kɛŋ³³ka²¹³ mɔŋ⁵³kuŋ²²tsaŋ²⁴ wan³¹ ba²²la⁵⁵ mjɯ³¹
蟋蟀 cricket dzje³¹ai⁵² kɛŋ³¹tʰiu³⁵ kjɛŋ³⁵bjaːt²⁴ kɛːŋ³⁵bjaːt³⁵ ki³¹ðit⁵⁴ kɛŋ³³dja³² tɔu²⁴kɛi²² tin⁴²tin⁵³lin³⁵ ljɔŋ⁵⁵kɔŋ³³tɕʰiŋ⁵⁵liŋ⁵⁵ tsau³⁵ki³³
蚱蜢 grasshopper tɕop⁵⁵ kəu⁵⁴ kjɛŋ³⁵man³² kiːm³³dɛːk³⁵ kjəp⁵⁴pi⁵⁵ gap³²ta⁴³ pɛt²² klin⁵³ klə³⁵ kɣai⁵⁵mjɯ³¹
螳螂 praying mantis ku²⁴ȵaŋ³³ kjɛŋ³⁵man³²ŋɔŋ³³ gjɛn³³man⁵⁵ mu³¹ma⁵³dzjaŋ³⁵ muŋ¹¹ma⁵⁵ dzɛi²²lɔi²²ni⁴⁴ kəu⁴²tin³⁵kəu⁴² mwə²²mwei³³klaŋ³³ pɯ⁵³kɔŋ³³laŋ³¹si³³
蝉 cicada ljaŋ²⁴mɛːŋ³³ jaŋ³¹jaŋ³¹mɛ³³ kjɛŋ³⁵dɔːt²⁴ kɛːŋ³⁵vɛːŋ¹³ lau³³lan³³meŋ³³ lan³³mɛŋ³³ naŋ²²naŋ²²ni⁴⁴ ɬɛ⁴²ɬɛ⁴²ŋjɛŋ³³ laŋ²²laŋ²²miŋ³³ laŋ³¹laŋ³¹ȵe³³
蚯蚓 earthworm naːŋ³³dzuŋ³³ kaŋ³¹dzuŋ⁵³naŋ³³ duŋ³³naŋ³⁵ duŋ³¹naːŋ³⁵ gju³¹naŋ³³ duŋ³¹naːŋ³³ kai²⁴dziŋ⁴⁴nɔŋ⁴⁴ hwjə³³ jɔŋ³³ tɕy⁵³tɕy⁵³naŋ³³
蛔虫 roundworm naːŋ³³dzuŋ³³ kaŋ³¹dzuŋ⁵³naŋ³³ duŋ³³ȡim³⁵ ŋ̩²²ȡim³⁵ dzim³³ dʑim³³ kai²⁴dziŋ⁴⁴nɔŋ⁴⁴ hwjə³³ jɔŋ³³ tɕy⁵³tɕy⁵³naŋ³³
蛆虫 maggot gai⁵²tɕɛːŋ³³ gai⁵³kɛŋ³³ kjɛŋ³⁵tθai²¹ kɛːŋ³⁵θai³³¹ kjeŋ³³nwat⁵⁴ dai⁵³kɛŋ³³ kai²⁴tsaŋ⁴⁴ kjai³⁵dɔŋ³⁵klɛ³³ dœn⁵⁵bwei⁵⁵klaŋ³³ tan⁵³pwən⁴⁴kɣɯ³³
蚂蚁 ant dzjou⁵² dzjəu⁵³ sou⁴³ ɕɔu⁴² dzjəu⁵³ ɕeu⁵³ a⁴⁴dziu²⁴ sau³⁵ tɕʰɔu³⁵dən³³ tɕʰəu³⁵
臭虫 bedbug pje³³ pje³³ pi³⁵ ʔpi³⁵ pi³³ pi³³ tsaŋ⁴⁴bɛi⁴⁴ pi³³ beŋ³³ljɔŋ⁵⁵ pi⁴⁴
跳蚤 flea tɕu⁵²mwo³³ ku⁵³mwə³³ tlo⁵⁴⁵muŋ³¹ klu⁵⁵mɔŋ¹³ kju⁵³moŋ¹²¹ ka¹¹mɛŋ³³ ka⁴⁴mɔŋ⁴⁴ m̥au³³ mɔu³³ məu³³
虱子 louse, body tam⁵² taŋ⁵³ tam⁵⁴⁵ ʔtam⁵⁵ tam⁵³ tam⁵³ a⁴⁴dam²⁴ dan³⁵ dan³⁵ tan³⁵
头虱 louse, head dzei⁵² dzei⁵³ tθei⁴³ θɛi⁵⁵ dzei⁵³ ɕei⁵³ a⁴⁴dzɛi²⁴ sai³⁵ tsi³³ tan³⁵
蚂蝗 leech mau⁵²waŋ³¹ bja²³² kjam³⁵ mau³³vaŋ³³ mu³¹vaŋ³¹ ma¹¹waŋ³¹ a⁴⁴bin⁴² mau⁵³waŋ³¹ biŋ⁴⁴ mau³³jaŋ³¹
家畜 livestock tau³¹sɛːŋ³³ tθɛŋ³¹hau⁴³ ʔtɔu⁵⁵θɛːŋ¹³ tau³¹θeŋ³³ tau³¹ɕɛŋ³³ tsuŋ⁴⁴hɛŋ⁴⁴ tau⁴²sɛ³³
牛角 horn (cattle) ŋoŋ³¹tɕoːŋ³³ ŋuŋ³¹kɔŋ³³ ŋɔŋ³³kjaŋ³⁵ ŋɔːŋ³³kjɔːŋ³⁵ ŋoŋ³¹kjoːŋ³³ ŋoŋ³¹kɔŋ³³ ŋ̩⁵³kɔu⁴⁴ ȵuŋ³¹klɔ³³ ŋɔŋ⁵⁵kloŋ¹³ ŋɔŋ⁵³kɣɔ³³
爪 claw ȵiu⁵² ȵəu⁵³ ȵaːu⁵⁴⁵ ȵaːu⁵⁵ tsaːu⁵³ ȵau³³ kui⁴² tɕau³⁵ tsjɔu³⁵ tɕai³⁵
尾巴 tail twei⁵² twei⁵³ tei⁵⁴⁵ ʔtɛi⁵⁵ twei⁵³ twei⁵³ a⁴⁴dui²⁴ kɔ⁴²dwai³⁵ de³⁵ twai³⁵

Plants

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
树 tree djaŋ²⁴ djaŋ³⁵ gjaŋ⁴⁴ gjaŋ³³⁵ djaŋ³⁵ djaŋ³⁵ a⁴⁴djaŋ⁴² djaŋ²⁴ tjaŋ⁴⁴ djaŋ⁴⁴
树林 forest djaŋ²⁴lom¹³ djaŋ³⁵kəŋ³¹ gjaŋ⁴⁴gjɛŋ³³ kiːm³³ku³³⁵ djaŋ³⁵kjəm³¹ djaŋ³⁵kem³¹ djaŋ⁴²kan⁴⁴ djaŋ²⁴m̥ɔ⁴² tjaŋ⁴⁴kʰlæ³³ djaŋ⁴⁴kɣɔŋ⁵³
竹子 bamboo ɬau⁵² ɬau⁵³ lau⁴³ lɔu⁴² lau⁵³ l̥au⁵³ a⁴⁴lau²⁴ ɬau³⁵ lau³⁵ lau³⁵
竹笋 bamboo shoot bjai¹³ bai¹¹ bjai²² bjai³² blai²² bje¹¹ bɛi²² blai⁴² plai¹³ pɣai³¹
苎麻 ramie (Boehmeria nivea) du¹³ du¹¹ do²²mun³³ du³² du²² do¹¹ ma⁵³ du⁴² tu¹³ŋi³¹ tu³¹
菌子 mushroom tɕou³³ tɕəu³³ sou³⁵ ɕɔu³⁵kjɔːŋ³⁵ kjəu³³ tɕeu³³ a⁴⁴ku⁴⁴ ȶau³³ tɕɔu³³ kjəu³³
禾苗 sprout, young plant bjau³¹miu³¹ bau³¹ blau³³mjou³³ blau²²mjɛu³³ blau³¹miu³¹ blau²¹miu³¹ bu⁴⁴miu⁵³ blau³¹ plou⁵⁵mjaŋ⁵⁵ pɣau⁵³
秧 seedling jaːŋ³³ wjaŋ³³ jaŋ³⁵ jaːŋ³⁵ wjaŋ³³ wjaŋ³³ a⁴⁴bjau⁵³ jɔ³³ plɔu⁵⁵ ɕɔ⁴⁴
稻谷 paddy tsʰu⁵⁵ tsʰəu⁵⁴ blau³³ blau²²ȶʰu¹² su⁵⁴ ɕu⁴³ siu⁴⁴ ȶhu⁵³ ɕɔ³³ tsʰu⁵⁵
穗儿 ear (of grain) bjau³¹to⁵² ȵwei²³² blau³³ȵun⁵⁴⁵ blau²²nɔːn³⁵ swən³⁵ blau³¹ɕwən³³ a⁴⁴tsɔu²⁴ nan³³ noŋ³⁵ ȵwai³⁵
谷粒 grain tsʰu⁵⁵ tsʰəu⁵⁴ blau³³nɔm³⁵ ȶʰu¹² su⁵⁴noːm³³ ɕu⁴³nɔm³³ siu⁴⁴lɛp²² ȶʰu⁵³ ɕɔ³³ tsʰu⁵⁵
稗子 barnyard millet, weed paːi¹³ ba¹¹ hou⁴³waŋ⁵⁴⁵ ȶʰu¹²kɔŋ³⁵ vaŋ⁵³ pai¹¹ a⁴⁴pui²² pai⁴² ba⁵⁵pai¹³ pai⁵³
禾草 true grass gaːu⁵² bau³¹ga⁵³ blau³³gau⁵⁴⁵ blau³³gaːu⁵³ bə³¹kau⁵³ blau³¹kaːu⁵³ bu⁵³kɔu²⁴ blau³¹kɔ³⁵ plau⁵⁵kɔ³⁵ pɣau⁵³kɔ³⁵
种子 seed ȵiːm³³ ȵaŋ³³ ȵim³¹ ȵim¹³ ȵim³³ ȵem³³ a⁴⁴num⁴⁴ n̥jɛn³³ tɕɔŋ³⁵ nje³³
花 flower pjaŋ³¹ pjaŋ³¹ faŋ³³ faŋ³³ pwaŋ³¹ pwaŋ³¹ pjaŋ⁵³ pjaŋ³¹ buŋ⁵⁵ pjaŋ⁵³
草 grass mje⁵² mje⁵³ ma⁴³ ma⁴² mwa⁵³ m̥wa⁵³ a⁴⁴mjɛ²⁴ m̥ja³⁵ mu³⁵ mja⁵³
茅草 cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) gaːn³³ gaŋ³³ gaːn³⁵ gaːn¹³ gaːn³³ gaːn³³ a⁴⁴gɔn⁴⁴ gwan³³ meu⁵⁵klœ³³ kan³³tsʰiŋ³³mja⁵³
蓝靛草 indigo dʑaːm³¹ gaŋ³¹ gaːm³³mɛŋ³⁵ gaːm³³ʔtin³¹ gjam³¹tin²²mwa⁵³ gaːm³¹ tjɛn²²mjɛ²⁴ tjɛn⁴² dœn⁵⁵klan⁵⁵mu³⁵ kɣan⁵³tin³¹mja⁵³
棉花 cotton min³¹ pei¹¹ bui⁴⁴ buːi³³⁵faŋ³³ bui³⁵ bui³⁵ a⁴⁴mjɛn²² m̥ɔ³¹min³¹ bwei⁴⁴ pwei⁴⁴
剌儿 thorn dʑim⁵² dʑiŋ⁵³ ȡim⁵⁴⁵ ȡim⁵⁵ gim⁵³ jim⁵³ hɛp⁴⁴ dʑin³⁵ siŋ⁴⁴ kjin³⁵
藤子 rattan m̥ei³³ mei²³² mei³¹ mɛi¹³ ȵai¹²¹ ȵei²¹³ mɛi⁴⁴ m̥əi³³ mi³³ mi³³
艾子 mugwort (Artemisia argyi) ŋoːi¹³ ŋwa¹¹ nɔːi³² ŋwai²² ŋɔi¹¹ a⁴⁴ŋɛi²² li⁵³ɬan³⁵ tɔn³³u⁴⁴ŋai³⁵
粪肥 manure pwan²⁴ pwəŋ³⁵ fan⁴⁴ fɔːn³³⁵ pon³⁵kjun²² pwən³⁵ bun⁴² hwəi³³ bwei⁵⁵klyn¹³ pwən⁴⁴
米 rice (grain) m̥ei⁵² m̥ei⁵³ mei⁴³ mɛi⁴² mai⁵³ m̥ei⁵³ a⁴⁴mɛi²⁴ m̥i³⁵ mi³⁵ mi³⁵
糯米 rice, glutinous bjau³¹bjut¹²m̥ei⁵² bau³¹bu²¹m̥ei⁵³ mei⁴³blɔt²¹ mɛi⁴²blɔt³² blau³¹blwət²¹mai⁵³ blau³¹blut³²m̥ei⁵³ but²²mɛi²⁴ m̥i³⁵blan⁴² plɛ²²mi³⁵ mi³⁵pʰɣɯ⁵³
粳米 rice, non-glutinous bjau³¹tsi⁵⁵m̥ei⁵² bau³¹tsiŋ³³m̥ei⁵³ mei⁴³tθi³⁵ mɛi⁴²θi³⁵ blau³¹tsim³³mai⁵³ blau³¹tɕim³³m̥ei⁵³ dzɛu⁵³tsjɛm⁴⁴mɛi²⁴ m̥i³⁵tsi⁵³ tɕen³³mi³⁵
小米 millet muːi³¹tsai³³ n̩³⁵tsai³³m̥ei⁵³ blau³³ȶei³⁵ bu³³ȶʰaːi³⁵ tsai³³mai⁵³ tɕai³³ mɛi²⁴tɛi⁴⁴vjaŋ⁵³ ȶai³³ tɕen³³tsai³³mi³⁵ tɕai³³
玉米 maize tɕu³¹mɛ¹² faŋ³³tsai³³ mai³² ʔpjɔu⁵⁵mɛi³¹ kə³¹loːn¹²¹ bu³¹ ba⁴⁴bɔu²² i²⁴mi⁵³ ŋɔŋ⁵⁵tsai³³ mi⁵³ku³⁵
荞麦 buckwheat tɕou³¹mɛ¹² tɕəu³¹mɛ²¹ θam³⁵kaːk³⁵mɛ³² θam³¹ko⁵³mje²¹ taːm³¹kɔŋ³³mɛ³² san²²kɔu⁴⁴ma²² ȶɔ⁴²m̥e⁴² bɔu³³kloŋ³³ma⁵⁵
高粱 sorghum ku³¹laːŋ³¹ ku³¹lwaŋ³¹ ku³³ljaŋ³³ mɛi³² kə³¹ljaŋ³¹ gai³¹tau³⁵ ma⁴²mɛi²⁴ tuŋ⁴²kla³¹ mɔ³¹tsjɔ³⁵
糠 bran bje⁵⁵ bje⁵⁴ va³¹min³³ ba¹² bwa²¹ bwa³² a⁴⁴bjɛ⁴⁴ bja⁵³ bɔu³³ pja³³
甘蔗 sugarcane kaːm³³tsje²⁴ kaŋ³³tsje³⁵ kɔm³⁵sa⁴⁴ kam³³ɕa³³⁵ kə³¹tsja³⁵ kam³³tɕa³⁵ kuŋ⁴⁴kɛi²²tjam⁵³ kan³³kjɛ³⁵ kwɔn³³tɕai⁴⁴ kwan⁵³tɕa⁴⁴
芋头 taro hou¹³ əu¹¹ hou²² hɔu³² hau²² hou¹¹ vu²²tau⁵³ i²⁴dəu²⁴ heu¹³ kwai⁵³ɕwei³⁵
芝蔴 sesame sa⁵⁵doŋ³¹ sa⁵⁴ tθa³¹ θa¹² dziu³¹ma³¹pje³¹ ɕa⁴³ a⁴⁴tsa⁴⁴ ȶəu⁴²ma³¹ jɔu⁵⁵ma⁵⁵ jəu⁵³ma⁵³
豆子 bean top¹² təu²¹ tap²¹bei⁵⁴⁵ ʔtɔp³²bei⁵⁵ təp²¹ top³² a⁴⁴tup²² ȶʰən⁴² tə²² tʰwa⁵³
白薯 sweet potato doːi³¹ dwa³¹ dɔi³³dun³⁵ dɔːi³³dun³⁵ dwai³¹ dɔi³¹ fan⁴²dai⁵³ dwai³¹ twei⁵⁵ kwai⁵³
烟叶 tobacco in³³ iŋ³³ jin³⁵nɔm³³ jin³⁵nɔːm³³ in³³noːm³¹ in³³nɔm³¹ ɛn⁴⁴pi⁵³ jɛn³³ jen³³ jən³³
果子 fruit pjou⁵² pjəu⁵³ pjou⁵⁴⁵ ʔpjɔu⁵⁵ pjəu⁵³ pjəu⁵³ a⁴⁴bɛu²⁴ pjau³⁵ bjɔu³⁵ pjəu³⁵
柿子 persimmon pjou⁵²tsai²³¹ pu³¹tsai²³² tuŋ³³ȶau³² bə³¹tsai¹²¹pjəu⁵³ pjeu⁵³tɕai²¹³ bɛu²⁴tui⁴⁴ kjau⁵³pəi³³ bjɔu³⁵kjɔu³³ pjəu³⁵tɕʰai⁴³³
李子 plum pjou⁵²ɬjaŋ⁵² pu³¹ɬjaŋ⁵³ pjou⁵⁴⁵gjaŋ⁵⁴⁵ ʔpjɔu⁵⁵gjaŋ⁵⁵ kwaŋ³¹ðaŋ⁵³pjəu⁵³ pjeu⁵³gaŋ⁵³ bɛu²⁴ȵɔŋ²⁴ ka⁴²ɬaŋ³⁵ bjɔu³³vən³³ pɣɯ⁵³ɣaŋ³⁵
桃子 peach pjou⁵²tɕaːu³¹ pu³¹ka³¹ pjou⁵⁴⁵tlau³³ ʔpjɔu⁵⁵klaːu³³ bə³¹kjam³¹pjəu⁵³ pjəu⁵³klaːu³¹ bɛu²⁴kɔu⁵³ kla⁴²kla³¹ bjɔu³³klɔ³⁵ pɣɯ⁵³kɣan⁵³
梨 pear lai³¹toːŋ¹³ pu³¹tɔŋ³¹ ta³³gei³²pjou⁵⁴⁵ gɛi³¹ʔpjɔu⁵⁵ θei³¹ðei³¹pjəu⁵³ ɕa²²gei³¹ beu²⁴dzai⁵³ kɔ³¹lai³¹ bju³³lwei⁵⁵ pɣɯ⁵³ɣai⁵³
葡萄 grape pjou⁵²tʰau³¹ pʰu³¹tʰau³¹ lau³³bak³² kʰju³¹pjəu⁵³ kou³¹pjeu⁵³ vu⁵³vɔt⁴⁴bɛu²⁴ ma⁴²an⁵³m̥əi³³pjau³⁵ bu³³klu⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵kɣən⁵³
菜 vegetable lai³³ lai³³ gjai³⁵ gjai³⁵ ðai³³ gai³³ ɛi⁴⁴ lai³³ lai³³ ɣai³³
韭菜 chives (Allium tuberosum) tɕiu²³¹tsʰɔːi²⁴ tɕi³¹tsʰwa³⁵ tɔŋ³¹kaːt²⁴ tʰɔŋ¹³bɛi¹³ kju³¹ȵon³¹ lep³² ku⁴⁴hɔi⁴² ȶau⁵³tsʰɛ²⁴ tɕɔu³³tsʰai⁴⁴ tɕəu³³tsʰje³³
胡芦瓜 calabash ȵom⁵²ȵɛːŋ³³ bu³¹ləu³¹ kwa³⁵tθai³⁵ ka³³lu³¹ ȵom⁵³ ȵ̥um⁵³ ka⁴⁴pa²² bu³¹ kloŋ³³hjɔu⁵⁵bu⁵⁵ pʰje⁵³kwa³³
蒜 garlic fun²⁴ tsʰuŋ³⁵ tun²¹ tʰun³³¹ θun⁵⁵ θun⁵⁵ a⁴⁴hɔn²⁴ kʰəu³³ sɔŋ⁴⁴ tsʰuŋ⁴⁴
晶头 scallion (Allium chinense) tɕiu²³¹ tɕəu²³² ȡiu⁴³ tʰɔŋ³³θɛi³⁵ kiu¹²¹dəŋ³¹pjəu⁵³ θoŋ³³ kiu⁴⁴pɛi²⁴ dʑau²⁴dəu⁴² tɕiu³¹pli³⁵
茄子 eggplant tɕe³¹ ka³¹tsaŋ⁵³ ka³³daŋ⁵⁴⁵ ka³³ʔtɔŋ⁵⁵ kwa³³ðaŋ⁵³ ka¹¹dʑaŋ⁵³ a⁴⁴kjɛ⁵³ ȶa³¹ ka³³tsaŋ³⁵ ka⁵³tsaŋ³⁵
辣椒 chili fan³¹tsiːu³³ ba²¹tsiu³³ duŋ³³man²² duŋ³³maːt³² blaːt²¹θiu³³ lok¹¹maːn¹¹ lat²²ljau⁴⁴ hai⁵³tɕiu³³ plæ⁵⁵dən³³ la⁵³tɕəu³³
姜 ginger suŋ³³ suŋ³³ tθuŋ³¹ θuŋ¹³ θoŋ³³ ɕuŋ³³ a⁴⁴kɔŋ⁴⁴ sɛ³³ȶwə⁴² tɕɔŋ³³ cɯ³³

Food

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
药 medicine dje³³ dje³³ ma⁴³ gjaːi³⁵ djai³³ dje³³ a⁴⁴tsɛi⁴⁴ hja³³ jɔ³¹ tɕwei³³
饭 rice n̥aːŋ²⁴ n̥aŋ³⁵ naŋ²¹ naŋ³³¹ naːŋ⁵⁵ naːŋ⁵⁵ nɔŋ⁴² n̥aŋ²⁴ sam³⁵ ma⁴³⁵
早饭 breakfast luŋ³¹doːm³³ luŋ³¹dɔŋ³³ bu³³dɔm³⁵naŋ²¹ bu³³dɔːm³⁵naŋ³³¹ du³¹doːm³³naːŋ⁵⁵ guŋ³¹dɔm³³ dɔm⁴⁴tu⁵³nɔŋ⁴² djau³⁵n̥aŋ²⁴ tɔn³³ ŋjən³¹twan³³
午饭 lunch luŋ³¹aːn²⁴ lu³¹aŋ³⁵ dum³³nɔi³¹naŋ²¹ dɔm³⁵nɔːi¹³naŋ³³¹ du³¹nwai³³naːŋ⁵⁵ n̥am³¹n̥ɔi³³ nai⁴⁴djaŋ⁴⁴ pʰɛ³³n̥wai³³ beu³³ ŋjən³¹pu³³
晚饭 dinner luŋ³¹m̥waŋ²⁴ lu³¹mwəŋ³⁵ bu³³ȡam²²naŋ²¹ bu³³ȡɔm³²naŋ³³¹ du³¹gjəm³¹naːŋ⁵⁵ guŋ³¹pou³³ vaŋ⁵³mɔŋ⁴²nɔŋ⁴² m̥ɔŋ²⁴n̥aŋ²⁴ ja¹³ ŋjən³¹mɔŋ⁴⁴
粥 porridge tswo⁵⁵ tswə⁵⁴ naŋ²¹sou³⁵ ɕo³⁵naŋ³³¹ tsu⁵⁴ tɕwo⁴³ a⁴⁴ham²⁴ həu³¹ tɕ()ɔ³⁵ tɕ()ɔ⁵⁵
粑粑 rice cake dʑwo⁵² dʑwə⁵³ ȡu⁵⁴⁵ ȡu⁵⁵ gju⁵³ ju⁵³ a⁴⁴gu²⁴ ȡu³⁵ tɕu³⁵ kjəu³⁵
汤 soup tʰoːŋ³³ tʰɔŋ³³ wam³⁵ gjai³⁵vɔm³⁵ tʰoːŋ³³ a⁵³tʰɔŋ³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴ tʰaŋ³³ tʰoŋ³³ tʰɔ³³
酒 liquor tiu⁵² tiu⁵³ tiu⁵⁴⁵ ʔtiu⁵⁵ tiu⁵³ tiu⁵³ a⁴⁴diu²⁴ tiu³⁵ diu³⁵ ti³⁵
醋 vinegar tsʰou²⁴ tsʰu³⁵ tθui³¹ θa³³⁵ mi³⁵ mei³⁵ saŋ⁴⁴si⁴⁴ tsʰəu²⁴ tʰeu⁴⁴
动物油 fat (animal) m̥ei³³ m̥ei³³ mei³¹ mɛi¹³ mai³³ m̥ei³³ mi⁴⁴ m̥əi³³ mi³³ mi³³
植物油 oil (vegetable) jou³¹ jəu³¹ jou³³ jəu³³ jəu³¹ jeu³¹ a⁴⁴diu²⁴ jau³¹ jəu⁵⁵ jəu⁵³
盐 salt dzau⁵² dzau⁵³ dau⁵⁴⁵ daːu⁵⁵ ðau⁵³ dau⁵³ a⁴⁴dzjam⁵³ dza³⁵ tsɔu³⁵ tsau³⁵
茶 tea tsa³¹ tsa³¹ ȶa³³ ȶa³³ tsa³¹ tɕa³¹ a⁴⁴ta⁵³ ȶa³¹ tsa⁵⁵ tsa⁵³
饼子 flatbread piːŋ³¹ tɔŋ³¹piŋ⁵³ pɛŋ⁵⁴⁵ ʔpɛːŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵³ piŋ⁵³ a⁴⁴gu²⁴ sau⁵³pjɛ³⁵ bjaŋ³⁵ pjɯ³⁵
肉 meat o⁵² ɔ⁵³ a⁵⁴⁵ a⁵⁵ a⁵³ a⁵³ a⁴⁴hɔi⁵³ dʑi³¹ kai⁵⁵ ɔ³⁵
肥肉 cured meat o⁵²tɕun¹³ ɔ⁵³kuŋ¹¹ a⁵⁴⁵kun²² a⁵⁵kun³² a⁵³kjun²² a⁵³kun¹¹ hɔi⁵³tin²² dʑi³¹m̥əi³³ kai⁵⁵klyn¹³ ɔ³⁵kɣən³¹
瘦肉 lean meat o⁵²tɕai¹³ ɔ⁵³kai¹¹ a⁵⁴⁵kjai²² a⁵⁵kjaːi³² a⁵³θin³³ a⁵³kje¹¹ hɔi⁵³kɛi²² dʑi³¹in⁵³ kai⁵⁵klai¹³ ɔ³⁵kɣai³¹
腊肉 cured meat o⁵²laːp¹² ɔ⁵³la²¹ a⁵⁴⁵hɔŋ²¹ a⁵⁵laːp³² a⁵³lap²¹ a⁵³laːp³² hɔi⁵³lap²² ɬan⁴²dʑi³¹ plæ⁵⁵kai⁵⁵ ɔ³⁵la⁵³
蛋 egg tɕau²⁴ kau³⁵ kjau⁴⁴ kjau³³⁵ kjau³⁵ kjau³⁵ tsu⁴² klau²⁴ klɔu⁴⁴ kɣau⁴⁴

Human body

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
头 head pu³¹goːŋ⁵² ŋ̩³¹gɔŋ⁵³ pjei⁵⁴⁵ ʔpjɛi⁵⁵ bə³¹gaːi³⁵ pje⁵³ pɛi²⁴fɔu⁴⁴ pli³⁵ pli³⁵ pɣui³⁵
额头 forehead pjoːŋ³¹ pɔŋ³¹ plɔŋ³³ ʔpjɛi⁵⁵ȵa³³ bə³¹da"ŋ²² peŋ¹¹daŋ¹¹ lɔŋ⁴⁴paŋ⁵³ plə⁴²tau³¹ puŋ⁵⁵ ŋi⁵³tau³¹pɣui³⁵
髻 topknot, bun pu³¹tsoŋ¹³ tsoŋ¹¹ pjei⁵⁴⁵ȵɔi³⁵ dɔːt³⁵ ðwət⁵⁴ dot⁴³ kui⁴⁴tɔŋ²⁴ dzwan⁵³ tsɛ³⁵ tswan⁵⁵
头旋儿 hair whorl pu³¹goːŋ⁵²tsun¹³ tsuŋ¹¹ pjei⁵⁴⁵gwei³⁵ ʔpjɛi⁵⁵gwɛi³⁵θun³² kwjei³³kwjei³³ θwən¹¹ a⁴⁴hin²² tɕɛn⁴² tsiŋ¹³ tsuŋ³¹
头发 hair (head) pu³¹pjei³³ puŋ³¹pei³³ pjei⁵⁴⁵dɔŋ³⁵ ʔpjɛi⁵⁵ʔpjɛi³⁵ bə³¹gaːi³⁵plei³³ pje³³ pɛi⁴⁴ pli³⁵dzɔŋ³³ pli³⁵pli³³ pɣui³⁵pɣɯi³³
辫子 braid bin²³¹ biŋ²³² bin³² bin³¹ bin¹²¹ ta¹¹bin²¹³ a⁴⁴bjɛn²² tʰu³³ pa⁵⁵ɕaŋ³⁵ pin⁵³tsɯ³¹
眼睛 eye mwei¹³tsiːŋ³³ n̩³¹tsiŋ³³ mei²² mɛi³²ŋan³³ mui²² mwei¹¹ mai⁵³tɛŋ⁴⁴ mi⁵³tɕɛ³³ mai¹³ mwei³¹
耳朵 ear mu³¹noːm³¹ n̩³¹nɔŋ³¹ bu³³nɔm³³ bu³³nɔm³³ bə³¹kjəu³³ pa³¹tɕeu³³ biu⁵³kɔi²⁴ blau³¹kau⁴²tsaŋ³⁵ pæ⁵⁵kæ³⁵ pɣɯ⁵³kɣɯ³³
鼻子 nose bjut¹²kʰot⁵⁵ bu²¹kʰwə⁵⁴ bu³³ȶɔŋ³⁵ bu³³ȶɔŋ³⁵ blui²² pa³¹tɕɔŋ³³ bi⁵³kjaŋ⁵³ bli⁴²kʰwan⁵³ pli²²kɛ³⁵ pɣui³¹
鼻涕 snot bjut¹² bu²¹ blot²¹ blut³² blut²¹ but³² a⁴⁴bit²² blun⁴² ply⁵⁵ pʰɣu⁵³
脸 face m̥jen³³ m̥jəŋ³³ min³¹ min¹³ min³³ mjen³³ a⁴⁴mɛn⁴⁴ m̥in³³ mjen³³ mjən³³
腮颊 cheek kʰam³¹kuːi³³ kʰaŋ³¹pui³³ min³¹wei³⁵ ȡɛːt³²ŋɔːm⁵⁵ tə³¹θau³³ am¹¹ui³³ mɛn⁴⁴pɛi²² m̥in³³twəi³³ mjen³³tu³³ sje³³
胡须 beard sjaːm³³ sjaŋ³³ tθɔm³¹ ȡɛːt³²θɔm¹³ θoːm³³ ɕwam³³ a⁴⁴tsam⁴⁴ həu⁴²tsaŋ³⁵ tɕwɔn³² ɕwan³³
嘴 mouth dzuːi³¹ dzui³¹ ȡɛt⁵⁴ ȡɛːt³⁵ dzwət⁵⁴ dʑut⁴³ dzi⁵³ti²⁴ tsui³⁵ tɕi⁵⁵ tɕɯ⁵³
下巴 chin ka³¹ham²³¹ a³¹pa³¹ ŋɔm³² ha³³ba³¹ ŋa³¹kaːu³⁵ ȵa³¹tɕaːu³⁵ kum⁵³kɔŋ⁴⁴ ŋa³¹sɛ³³ han³¹ ha⁵³kai³³
牙齿 tooth ȵa³¹ ȵa³¹ ȵa³³ ȵa³³ ŋa³¹ ȵa³¹ a⁴⁴ŋjɛ⁵³ ŋa³¹ȶʰaŋ³⁵ mjen³⁵ mjən³⁵
舌 tongue bjet¹² bje²¹ bjɛt²¹ bjɛːt³² blet²¹ bjet³² a⁴⁴bɛt²² blin⁴² pjɛ²² pʰɣe⁵³
喉咙 throat tɕaːŋ³³hu³¹ kaŋ³³u³¹ tlaŋ³⁵hu³³ duŋ⁵⁵ klaːŋ³³ho³¹ klaːŋ³³hou³¹ kuŋ⁴⁴kan⁴⁴sin⁴⁴ klɑŋ³³hau³¹ hɔu⁵⁵ həu⁵³lɔŋ⁵³
颈 neck tɕaːŋ³³ kaŋ³³ tlaŋ³⁵ klaːŋ³⁵ klaːŋ³³ klaːŋ³³ kuŋ⁴⁴kan⁴⁴ klaŋ³³ hɔu⁵⁵kæ³⁵ kɣaŋ³³
肩膀 shoulder pwo²³¹tau³¹ pu³¹tau³¹ bu³³tau³³ ban³³ʔtau²² bwa²¹ bwa³² bɔu⁴⁴ban⁵³ bja⁵³tau³¹ ka³³dɔu⁵⁵ bja³³tau⁵³
手 hand pwo²³¹ pwə²³² pu³² ʔpu³¹ pu¹²¹ pu²¹³ a⁴⁴pu⁴⁴ pau⁴² pɔu³¹ pʰəu⁴³³
胸口 chest lu³¹kʰot⁵⁵mo⁵⁵ lu³¹kʰwə⁵⁴ ka³³lap²¹mɔp⁵⁴ ka³³lap³² kə³¹bloŋ³¹ ka³¹buŋ³¹ biŋ⁴⁴tu⁵³ blə³¹ sjen³³dɔu⁵⁵kʰwɛ³⁵
肚子 belly ke³¹sje³³ ȵ̥əu⁵³ ȵou⁵⁴ ȵou⁴² ȵu⁵³ ȵ̥eu⁵³ ŋ̩⁴⁴tɛŋ⁴⁴ kai³⁵təu³⁵ kai³³ɕe³³ ȵən³⁵
肚脐 navel ku³¹ŋa²³¹njou²³¹ ku³¹ŋa²³²ȵ̥əu²³² ȵou⁴³duːt²⁴tlaŋ³³ ȵɔu⁴²duːt³⁵klaːŋ³³ ȵu⁵³dut⁵⁴klaŋ³¹ ȵ̥eu⁵³dut⁴³l̥aːŋ³³ kjaŋ⁵³ tsin³¹ta²⁴ ȵɔu³³ty³⁵kʰaŋ⁵⁵ ȵəu³⁵tsu³³tjai³³
背 back (body) si³¹taːn²³¹ si³¹taŋ²³² ka³³tan³² ka³³ʔtan³¹ tə³¹tan¹²¹tsai³⁵ ɕi³¹tan²¹³ lai²⁴hiŋ²⁴ jɛn⁴²ɕɛn³³kla³⁵ tan³¹ tan⁴³³tsi³³
腰 waist tɕaːi⁵² ka⁵³ tlaːi⁵⁴⁵ klaːi⁵⁵ klaːi⁵³ klaːi⁵³ lai²⁴ kla³⁵ lai³⁵ kɣai³⁵
乳房 breast ȵo²⁴ ȵɔ³⁵puŋ³¹ nu⁵⁴⁵ nu⁵⁵ʔpuŋ³³ nu³⁵ nu³⁵ a⁴⁴nin²⁴ nɛ²⁴pə³¹ ni⁴⁴bɔŋ⁵⁵ nje³⁵
心脏 heart fim³³ bə²¹dziu³³ tθim³⁵tau³³ θim³⁵ θim³³ θim³³ biŋ⁵³ ɕɛn³³ sjen³³ sin³³
肺 lung pʰjom³³ pʰoŋ³³ tlom³¹ kʰlɔːm¹³ pʰlom³³ pʰum³³ a⁴⁴fi²⁴ bun²⁴ pʰwei⁴⁴ pʰwan³³
肝 liver ɬan³³ ɬaŋ³³ gjen³¹ gjɛn¹³ ðan³³ gan³³ a⁴⁴hɔŋ²² ɬan³³ lan³³ kan³³
肾 kidney ȵut¹²tsei⁵² ȵu²¹tsei⁵³ maːk⁵² jiːt³⁵θɛi⁵⁵ kjə³¹θaŋ⁵³ tɕi³¹θaŋ⁵³ hjaŋ⁵³hjɛt⁴⁴ jəu⁵³tsaŋ³⁵ tɕæ⁵⁵tsaŋ³⁵ kɣau³³
肠子 intestines tɕaːŋ³¹ kaŋ³¹ tlaŋ³³ klaːŋ³³ klaŋ³¹ klaːŋ³¹ a⁴⁴kjaŋ⁵³ klaŋ³¹ kljaŋ⁵⁵ kɣaŋ⁵³
胃 stomach bwo¹² təu⁵³ tθi³¹ θi¹³ θi³³ ɕi³³ kai²⁴sɛi⁴⁴ kai³⁵təu³⁵ ɕe³³ ɕwei³³
胆 gall taːm⁵² taŋ⁵³ taːm⁵⁴⁵ ʔtaːm⁵⁵ taːm⁵³ taːm⁵³ a⁴⁴tɛu⁴⁴ tan³⁵ dœn³⁵ tan³⁵
屁股 buttocks gai⁵²kʰot⁵⁵ gai⁵³kʰwə⁵⁴ ka³³dai⁵⁴⁵ ka³³daːi⁵⁵tʰui³² du³¹gwət⁵⁴ do³¹got⁴³ kai²⁴sin⁴⁴tin⁵³ kɔ⁴²kʰwan⁵³ iŋ⁴⁴kʰwɛ³⁵ tu⁵³kai⁴³⁵
脚 foot tsau²⁴ tsau³⁵ tθau⁴⁴ θau³³⁵ tei³¹ θau³⁵ a⁴⁴tau²⁴ tsau²⁴ tsɔu⁴⁴ tsau⁴⁴
皮肤 skin dop⁵⁵ dəu⁵⁴ dop⁵⁴ doːp³⁵ dop⁵⁴ dup⁴³ dip⁴⁴ din⁵³ tɛ³⁵ dwa⁵⁵
骨头 bone buŋ⁵² buŋ⁵³ tθuŋ⁵⁴⁵ θuŋ⁵⁵ θoŋ⁵³ θuŋ⁵³ a⁴⁴hiŋ²⁴ swə³⁵ sjɔŋ³⁵ sɿ³⁵
骨髓 marrow buŋ⁵²tsuŋ³³ buŋ⁵³tsuŋ³³ tθuŋ⁵⁴⁵lau³¹ θuŋ⁵⁵laːu¹³ θoŋ⁵³ðom¹²¹ θuŋ⁵³lau³³ hɛŋ⁴⁴li⁴⁴ sui³⁵ sjɔŋ³⁵tsjɔŋ³³ sɿ³⁵tjɯ³³
骨节 joint buŋ⁵²ȵat⁵⁵ buŋ⁵³dzi⁵⁴ tθuŋ⁵⁴⁵ȵɔi³¹ θuŋ⁵⁵ȵɔːi³⁵ θoŋ⁵³tau³⁵ θuŋ⁵³ȵɔt⁴³ hiŋ²⁴tɔu²⁴ swə³⁵tʰja⁵³ sjɔŋ³⁵kæ³⁵ tja³³
毛 hair (body) pjei³³ pei³³ pjei³⁵ ʔpjɛi³⁵ plei³³ pje³³ pɛi⁴⁴ pli³³ pli³³ pɣɯi³³
汗 sweat haːn¹³ aŋ¹¹ han⁴³ han⁴² haːn²² haːn¹¹ a⁴⁴hɔn²² hwan⁴² hən¹³ han⁵³
痰 sputum ha²³¹ ha³³ dan³³blot²¹ ȡaːn³³ tsaːn³¹ but³² lɔu⁵³hɛi²⁴ka²² blin⁴²kʰa⁵³ lɔ⁵⁵ ma³³tan³¹
唾液 saliva wam³³dzwei³¹ wəŋ³³dzui³¹ ȡan³³wam³⁵ ȡaːn³³vɔm³⁵ tsaːn³¹ tɕaːn³¹ dziu⁴⁴dzan⁵³ ən³³dzui²⁴ tɕi⁵⁵vən³³ wən³³tɕy⁵³
屎 excrement gai⁵² gai⁵³ dai⁵⁴⁵ daːi⁵⁵ dai⁵³ dai⁵³ kai²⁴ kai³⁵ kai³⁵ kai³⁵
尿 urine wje²³¹ gwje³³ va³² va³¹ va¹²¹ wa²¹³ a⁴⁴vjɛ⁴⁴ lɔ⁴² fu³¹ hja⁴³³
屁 flatulence pwat⁵⁵ pwə⁵⁴ fat⁵⁴ fɔːt³⁵ pwət⁵⁴ pwət⁴³ a⁴⁴but⁴⁴ kai³⁵tɕʰi²⁴ bwə³⁵ bwə⁵⁵
血 blood dzjaːm⁵² dzjaŋ⁵³ saːm⁴³ ɕaːm⁴² dzjam⁵³ ɕam⁵³ a⁴⁴dzjɛm²⁴ san³⁵ tɕʰan³⁵ tɕʰan³⁵
脓 pus noŋ¹³ nuŋ¹¹ nuŋ²² nuŋ³² noŋ²² noŋ¹¹ a⁴⁴nɔu²² nɔŋ⁴² nɔŋ¹³ nɔŋ³¹
筋 tendon tɕaːn³³ tɕwaŋ³³ san³⁵ ɕaːn³⁵ kwjan³³ tɕwan³³ tsan⁴⁴ ȶwan³³ tɕwən³³ tɕwən³³
死 die, dead tai¹³ tai¹¹ tai²² ʔtaːi³² tai²² tai¹¹ tai²² tai⁴² tai¹³ tai³¹
痒 itch sjet⁵⁵ sje⁵⁴ sɛt³² ɕɛːt¹² θjet⁵⁴ ɕet⁴³ kɛt⁴⁴ hin⁵³ tɕɛ³⁵ ɕɯ⁵⁵
病 disease, be ill pɛːŋ¹³ gɔm²² gjɔu³² ðom²² pɛŋ¹¹ a⁴⁴man⁴⁴ pɛ⁴² paŋ¹³ pjɯ³¹
痛 pain, painful mun³³ muŋ³³ mun³⁵ mun³⁵ mun³³ mun³³ man⁴⁴ mun³³ mun³³ mwən³³
肿 swollen om²⁴ oŋ³⁵ ɔm⁴⁴ ɔm³³⁵ əm³⁵ om³⁵ an³³ ɔn⁴⁴ wan⁴⁴
麻木 numb bje²⁴ bje³⁵³ bi⁴⁴ bi³³⁵ bi³⁵ bi³⁵ bi⁴² bi²⁴ ma⁵⁵ ma⁵³
呕吐 vomit lu⁵² lu⁵³ o⁵⁴⁵ o⁵⁵ u⁵³ ou⁵³ fɔn⁴⁴ lu³⁵ u³⁵ ɣəu³⁵
咳嗽 cough n̥op⁵⁵ n̥u⁵⁴ ha²¹ luːp¹²ha³² bjen⁵³ ha³³ lɔu⁵³hɛi²⁴ n̥ən⁵³ næ³⁵ nwa⁵⁵
疮 sore (n.) tɕʰu²⁴ sei³³ ɕɛi³³ tswei³¹ tɕwei³¹ man⁴⁴man⁴⁴ saŋ³³ tse⁵ tɕwai⁵³
痣 mole tsei²⁴ tsei³⁵ kjam⁵⁴⁵ ma³²kjam⁵⁵ ðei⁵³ ȵui³⁵ a⁴⁴ma²² ȶui²⁴ ma²¹di⁴⁴ tɕi⁴³⁵
麻疹 measles m̥an³³ maːn³¹ man³¹ man³¹ tup²²hɔŋ⁴⁴ pan³³ma⁴² meŋ⁵⁵tjoŋ³³

Kinship and people

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
人 person, human mjen³¹ mjəŋ³¹ mun³³ mun³³ moːn³¹ mwan³¹ min⁵³ min³¹ meŋ⁵⁵ mwəŋ⁵³
汉族 Han people tɕen²⁴ kaŋ³⁵ hɔn³¹lui²² dɔu³¹ȶuk³² han³⁵moːn³¹ dou²¹³mwan³¹ kjɛn⁴⁴ kwan³³min³¹ han⁵⁵tsu²²
瑶族 Yao people mjen³¹ mjəŋ³¹ kjeːm³³mun³³ kiːm³³mun³³ bjau³¹moːn³¹ bjau³¹mwan³¹ dzau⁵³min⁵³ bjau³¹min³¹ mɔu³¹jɔu⁵⁵ mɔ⁴³³ɕi⁵³
名字 name bwo²⁴ bwə³⁵ mɛŋ³³tθei²² bu³³⁵ min³¹θei²² bu³⁵ mjaŋ⁵³ bau²⁴ pou⁴⁴ pəu⁴⁴
祖父 grandfather, paternal oŋ³³ oŋ³³ tlau³² fa⁵⁵ko³³⁵ te³³ koŋ³³ a⁴⁴kuŋ⁴⁴ kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³
祖母 grandmother, paternal ku²⁴ ku³⁵ bo³²kɛ⁴⁴ ȡi³²ko³³⁵ nai³³ lou⁵³ a⁴⁴pɔu⁵³ pa⁴² ɔu²² tɕʰwei³³
父 father tje²⁴ tje³⁵ fa⁵⁴⁵ fa⁵⁵ pwa⁵³ pwa⁵³ a⁴⁴ba⁴⁴ tja³³ tu²² pɣa³³
母 mother ma¹³ ma¹¹ ȡi³² ȡi³¹ ma²² nɛn³⁵ a⁴⁴dzɛi⁴⁴ ȵa²⁴ ȵan²² ma³³
儿子 son toːn³³ twaŋ³³ tɔn³⁵ ɕɛi⁵⁵ kwjei⁵³ tɕwei⁵³ a⁴⁴dan⁴⁴ twan³³ dən³³ twan³³
女儿 daughter sje⁵⁵ sje⁵⁴ sa³¹ mun³³ɕa¹² θja⁵⁴ ɕa⁴³ tɔŋ⁴⁴nu⁴⁴ ti⁴²sa⁵³ ɕa³⁵ sa⁵⁵twan³³
媳妇 daughter-in-law bwaŋ²³¹ bwəŋ²³² bɔŋ³² bɔŋ³¹ bəŋ¹²¹ bwəŋ²¹³ a⁴⁴ȵɛm⁴⁴ bɔŋ⁴² paŋ³¹ pʰɔŋ⁴³³
女婿 son-in-law laːŋ³¹ laŋ³¹ laŋ³³ laːŋ³³ vei⁵³ laːŋ³¹ a⁴⁴vɛi²⁴ bjau⁴²ɕəi²⁴ dən³³si⁵⁵ laŋ⁵³si³³
孙子 grandson fun³³toːn³³ fuŋ³³ tθun³⁵ θun³⁵ laːn⁵³ θun³³ a⁴⁴hun⁴⁴ swən³³ sjen³³dən³³ suŋ³³
丈夫 husband gu²⁴ n̩³¹tɕəŋ¹¹ laŋ³³ laːŋ³³ tə³¹kəŋ³⁵ tɕaŋ¹¹ a⁴⁴kjaŋ²² bu³⁵ la³¹kɔŋ³³ kjaŋ³¹
妻子 wife au⁵² au⁵³ au⁵⁴⁵ au⁵⁵ tə³¹pwa³¹ au⁵³ a⁴⁴sa⁴⁴ kau³⁵ bu⁵⁵lu⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵
兄 brother, elder ko²⁴ kɔ³⁵ ta³³ ʔta³³ ko³³ viŋ³³ a⁴⁴kɔu⁴⁴ ko³⁵ ai²² kɔ³³
弟 brother, younger jou²³¹ tɕi³¹ɬa⁵³ jou³² jɔu³¹ noŋ³⁵ mai²¹³ a⁴⁴kui²⁴ ni³⁵pa⁵³ ki³⁵ lu⁵³tʰi³³
姐 sister, elder to¹³ tɔ¹¹ o⁵⁴⁵ o⁵⁵ tsje³⁵ hei³¹ a⁴⁴ti²⁴ tsəi³⁵ tsi²² tsi³⁵
妹 sister, younger mwo¹³ tɕi³¹sje⁵⁴ mu²² θaːi³³⁵ mei³⁵ mu¹¹ a⁴⁴mɔi⁴⁴ ȶui⁵³sa⁵³ ɕa³⁵ kji³¹sa⁵⁵
嫂 elder brother's wife ȵaːm³³ ȵaŋ³³ ȵaːm³⁵ ȵaːm³⁵ θaːu⁵³ tɕu³¹ a⁴⁴ȵɛm⁴⁴ ȵan³³ ȵan³³ ȵan³³
伯父 uncle (father's elder brother) pɛ⁵⁵ pa³¹oŋ³³ pɛ³⁵ ʔpɛ³⁵ pə⁵⁴ a³³pɛ⁴³ lɔu⁴⁴pa⁴⁴ pɛ⁵³ ba²² pje³³
叔父 uncle (father's younger brother) jou²³¹ swə⁵⁴ fa⁵⁴⁵jou³² jɔu³¹ su⁵⁵ a³³ɕok⁴³ a⁴⁴tui²² man⁵³ pla³³ ɕɔ³³
伯母 aunt (mother's elder brother) tɕwo³¹ pa³¹pje³¹ ȶu³³ ȶu³³ pa³³ ȵa³³ko³⁵ lɔu⁴⁴ku⁵³ ȶu⁴² dœn⁵⁵tɕu⁵⁵ kjəu⁵³ma³³
叔母 aunt (mother's younger brother) dzje²³¹ pje³¹ ȡi³²tθai⁴⁴ θaːi³³⁵ θju³⁵ ȵa³³dʑi²¹³ a⁴⁴dzɛi⁴⁴ ȡai⁴² tɕu⁵⁵ ɕ()ɔ³³ma³³
姑父 uncle (father's elder sister) gwje²³¹ kəu³³je³¹ fa⁵⁴⁵tja³⁵ kja³⁵ i³¹je³¹ pwa⁵³bja³³ dzau⁵³vjɛ⁴⁴ hja³³hja³³ ɕu³³ ɕɔ⁴³³
姑母 aunt (mother's elder sister) mwo¹³ kəu³³ȵaŋ³¹ ȡi³²mu²² mu³² njaŋ³³ mu³⁵ a⁴⁴tai⁴⁴ mau³⁵ keu³³ məu⁵³
姨父 uncle (father's younger sister) pwei⁵² ai³¹oŋ³³ pui⁵⁴⁵ ji³³ʔpɔu³⁵ i³¹je³¹ ko³⁵ dzɛi⁵³kjau⁴² hi⁴²ȶwə³¹ ɕu³³ jɔŋ³¹pɣa³³
姨母 aunt (mother's younger sister) dzje²³¹ ai³¹pje³¹ hei³³ θaːi³³⁵ i³¹njaŋ³¹ dʑi²¹³ a⁴⁴dzɛi⁵³ ȡai³³ȡai³³ tɕɔu⁵⁵ɔu³⁵ tɕɔŋ³¹pɣa³³
外祖父 grandfather, maternal ta³³ ta³¹oŋ³³ ko⁴⁴ta³⁵ ku³³⁵ʔta³⁵ kə³⁵ta³³ ta³³ a⁴⁴dɔu⁴⁴ ta⁵³ta²⁴ du³³kɔŋ³³
外祖母 grandmother, maternal ta³³ku²⁴ ta³¹ku³⁵ ko⁴⁴ti⁵⁴⁵ ku³³⁵ʔti⁵⁵ lu⁵³ti⁵³ ti⁵³ a⁴⁴dɛi²⁴ ti³⁵ti³⁵ di²²
舅父 uncle, maternal nau²³¹ nau²³² nau³² naːu³¹ nəŋ³¹kəŋ³³ nau²¹³ a⁴⁴nuŋ⁴⁴ nau⁴²nau⁴² nɔu³¹ nau⁴³³
舅母 aunt, maternal (wife of maternal uncle) mjaŋ³¹ nau²³²pje³¹ maŋ³³ maŋ³³ kjəu³⁵njaŋ³¹ mwaŋ³¹ a⁴⁴mjaŋ⁵³ mjaŋ³¹mjaŋ³¹ mu⁵⁵ suŋ³³mjaŋ⁵³
男人 man, male bjaːu³¹ n̩̩³¹tɕaŋ¹¹twaŋ³³ mun³³tɔn³⁵ mun³³ʔtɔn³⁵ kjaŋ²²moːn³¹ tɕaŋ³¹mwan³¹ kjaŋ⁵³min⁵³ bu³⁵min³¹ la³¹kɔŋ⁵⁵meŋ⁵⁵ tɕa³³mwəŋ⁵³
女人 woman, female mjen³¹sje⁵⁵ n̩³¹sje⁵⁴twaŋ³³ mun³³sa³¹ mun³³ɕa¹² au⁵³moːn³¹ au⁵³mwan³¹ sa⁴⁴min⁵³ ȵəu³⁵min³¹ bu⁵⁵lu³¹meŋ⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵mwəŋ⁵³
小孩 child fei³¹tɕwei⁵² fu³¹tɕwei⁵³ mun³³sei⁵⁴⁵ mun³³ɕɛi⁵⁵ ti³¹kwjei⁵³ tɕwei⁵³ siu⁴⁴kan⁵³ hwjəi⁵³ se⁴⁴va³⁵dən³³ sai⁵³kje³⁵twan³³
姑娘 young woman, virgin sje⁵⁵toːn³³ sje⁵⁴twaŋ³³ mun³³sa³¹ mun³³ɕa¹² mei³⁵ wa³³ɕɛŋ³¹ɕa⁴³ sa⁴⁴dzau⁵³ sa⁵³ keu³³ sa⁵⁵twan³³
赘婿 son-in-law (uxorilocal) tsiu³³laːŋ³¹ laŋ³¹ laŋ³³ ȶɔ³⁵laːŋ³³ tsiu³³laŋ³¹ tɕɔ⁴³laːŋ³¹ dzum⁵³lɔŋ⁴⁴ tɕin⁵³twan³³ tɕiu³³meŋ⁵⁵
鬼 ghost, spirit mjen⁵² mjəŋ⁵³ man⁴³ maːn⁴² moːn⁵³ m̥wan⁵³ a⁴⁴mjɛn²⁴ m̥jɛn³⁵ mwən³⁵ mjan³⁵
灵魂 soul wan³¹ wəŋ³¹bɛ⁵⁴ lɛŋ³³wan³³ hɔːn³³ θin³³hwan³¹ hɔn³¹ vɔn⁵³ wan³¹ ljɔŋ⁵⁵be⁵⁵ jɯ³⁵

Material culture

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
房子 house pjau⁵² pau⁵³ pjau⁵⁴⁵ ʔpjau⁵⁵ plau⁵³ pjau⁵³ a⁴⁴piu²⁴ pla³⁵ plɔu³⁵ pɣau³⁵
房间 room puŋ³¹ pau⁵³tɕəŋ³³ pjau⁵⁴⁵ȵin³³ buŋ³³ boŋ³¹ tɕen³³ lɔŋ⁴⁴kɛn⁴⁴ pə³¹ bɔŋ⁵⁵ bɔŋ⁵³
仓 granary lam²³¹gjam³² laŋ²³² gjam³² ȶɔːŋ³¹ ðam¹²¹ blau³¹gam²¹³ dzum⁴⁴ lan⁴² tsʰaŋ³³ hɣan³³
梁 beam laːŋ³¹ lwaŋ³¹ tuŋ⁴⁴hɛŋ³³ ʔpjau⁵⁵hɛːŋ³³ plau⁵³heŋ³¹ tɕeŋ³⁵gwaŋ³¹ mau²⁴luŋ⁵³djaŋ⁴² ljɔ³¹ kla³³ljoŋ³³ ɣɔ⁵³
柱子 pillar djou³¹ djəu³¹ gjou³³ ʔtɔn³⁵ djəu³¹ ɕa³³ tam⁵³dun²⁴ pla³⁵jau³¹ tɕɔu⁵⁵ tjɔ⁵³
窗子 window ljaŋ²⁴ke¹³ ljaŋ³⁵ȵ̥iŋ³³ kjɛŋ³³gwaŋ³⁵ kuŋ³⁵ȶʰuŋ³⁵ kje³¹hjəu⁵⁵ ɕɛŋ¹¹ŋaːn²¹³ xɔŋ²⁴kjaŋ⁵³ kə⁴²tsɿ⁵³ tsiŋ⁵⁵dən³³plaŋ¹³
墙 wall tsiːŋ³¹ tsiŋ³¹ siŋ³³ kjaːŋ³³ tsiŋ³¹ tsiŋ³¹ sjaŋ⁵³ tɕjɔ³¹ tsjɔŋ⁵⁵ tɕjɔ⁵³
板壁 wall, divide (wooden) dʑoŋ¹³ goŋ¹¹ gɔŋ²² kjaːŋ³³ pʰei³⁵tsiŋ³¹ pen³⁵tɕiŋ³¹ bɛn²⁴sjaŋ⁵³ gloŋ⁴² tjaŋ⁴⁴plɔu³⁵tsjɔŋ⁵⁵
门 door tɕɛːŋ³¹ kɛŋ³¹ kjɛŋ³³ kɛːŋ³³ kjeŋ³¹ kɛŋ³¹ a⁴⁴man⁵³ klɛ³¹ tsiŋ⁵⁵ kɯ⁵³
菜园 garden (vegetable) lai³³hun³³ lai³³huŋ³³ dau³³vin³¹ gjai³⁵vin¹³ ðai³³hun³³ gai³³hun³³ ɛi⁴⁴vɔn⁴⁴ hun³³ lai³³fɛŋ³³ ɣai³³fuŋ³³
篱笆 fence taːt⁵⁵ huŋ³³la²¹ dau³³vin³¹gɔŋ²² lau⁴²gɔŋ³² hun³¹plaːi³⁵ gai³³hun³³pʰɛŋ³³ vɔn⁴⁴bjaŋ²² hun³³gloŋ⁴² sa³³be⁵⁵
牛圈 bullpen ŋoŋ³¹laːn³¹ ŋuŋ³¹laŋ³¹ ŋɔŋ³³go³³ ŋɔːŋ³³gu³³ ŋoŋ³¹ðau³¹ ŋoŋ³¹gaːn³¹ ŋ̩⁵³dzu⁵³ ȵuŋ³¹glan³¹ ŋoŋ⁵⁵lan⁵⁵ ŋɔŋ⁵³ɣaŋ⁵³
村 village laŋ²³¹ tsʰəŋ³³ tun³¹ gjaŋ³¹ ðaŋ¹²¹ gaŋ²¹³ dzɔŋ⁴⁴ laŋ⁴² laŋ³¹ tsʰuŋ³³
头巾 head cloth pu³¹goːŋ⁵²pʰa²⁴ pʰa³⁵ sap²¹pjei⁵⁴⁵ ȶaːt³⁵ʔpjei⁵⁵ θə³¹ðui³³ taŋ³³la³²pje⁵³ tum²⁴pɛi²⁴dɛi⁴⁴ di³³ pʰa³³dɔu⁵⁵ pje³³pwei³⁵ɕi⁴³³tɕwaŋ³³
木梳 comb (wooden) tsa⁵⁵ tsa⁵⁴ ȶa²⁴ gjaŋ³³⁵ȶa³⁵ sjaŋ³⁵tsa⁵⁴ tɕa⁴³ a⁴⁴ta⁴⁴ ȶa⁵³ tsa³⁵ tɕa⁵⁵
篦子 comb (fine-toothed) pai¹³ pai¹¹ pai²² ʔpaːi³² pai²² pai¹¹ bɛn⁴⁴ pai⁴²
镯子 bracelet tɕom³¹ tɕəu³¹ sam³³ ɕam³³ kjəm³¹ tɕem³¹ kɔn⁵³fin⁴⁴ pʰau⁴²kʰən³³ pɔu³¹klɔ³⁵ pɯ⁵⁵tɕwan⁵³
耳环 earring ɕun³³ niŋ¹¹ bin³¹ bu³³vin¹³ neŋ⁵⁵ ȵwan³¹ biu⁵³tui²² blau³¹wən³¹ plɔu⁵⁵tsi¹³ pɣau⁵³ɣəŋ⁵³
帽子 hat mwo¹³ mau³⁵ mou²² mɔu³² mau²² mou¹¹ a⁴⁴mu²² mu⁴²mau³⁵ mu¹³ mu⁵³
上衣 shirt luːi³³ lui³³ gui³⁵ guːi³⁵ ðui³³ gui³³ a⁴⁴i⁴⁴ lwəi³³ ve³³ hɣɯi³³
裤子 trousers hou²⁴ həu³⁵ kwa²¹ kʰwa³³¹ kʰwa⁵⁵ kʰwa⁵⁵ a⁴⁴fjɛ⁴² kʰəu²⁴ kʰu⁴⁴ kʰu⁴³⁵
裙子 skirt tɕun³¹ tɕwiŋ³¹ ȶun³³ gwan³³ kwan²¹³ a⁴⁴kɔn⁵³ ȶwən³¹ lu⁵⁵tɕen⁵⁵ kjɯn⁵³
袜子 socks maːt¹² ma²¹ maːt⁴² maːt³² mat²¹ maːt³² a⁴⁴mat²² m̥un⁴² mæ²² ma⁵³
鞋子 shoes he¹² ei³¹ tθu³¹ θu¹² hai³¹ haːi³¹ a⁴⁴hai⁵³ hjɛ³¹ he⁵⁵ hje⁵³
草鞋 sandals (straw) su⁵⁵ səu⁵⁴ gjin³³mau³³tθu³¹ ȡɔŋ³⁵mau³³θu¹² ku³¹θu⁵⁴ ɕu⁴³ a⁴⁴kɔu⁴⁴ ȶu⁵³ tɕɔ³³ ɕu⁵⁵
蓑衣 raincoat (straw) fei³³ei³³ fa³¹ei³³ tθa³¹ȵaːi⁵⁴⁵ luːi³⁵ θə³¹ei³³ θoŋ³³ei³³ a⁴⁴hi⁴⁴ swəi³³ si³³ kaŋ⁵³laŋ³³sjui³³
斗笠 bamboo hat lap¹² la²¹ kuŋ⁵⁴⁵ma⁴³gjap²¹ gjap³² ðap²¹ gap³² a⁴⁴dzup²² ɬan⁴² læ²² hɣai⁵³
被子 blanket swaŋ²⁴ swəŋ³⁵ tθɔŋ²¹ θɔŋ³³¹ θəŋ⁵⁵ ɕwəŋ⁵⁵ a⁴⁴suŋ⁴² sɔŋ²⁴ ɕɔŋ⁴⁴ sɔŋ⁴⁴
布 cloth dje³³ dje³³ bui⁴⁴ buːi³³⁵ di³³ di³³ a⁴⁴dɛi⁴⁴ di³³ ti³³ twei³³
针 needle sim³³ siŋ³³ tθim³¹ θim¹³ θim³³ ɕim³³ a⁴⁴tsum⁴⁴ tɕɛn³³ tɕen³³ ɕin³³
桌子 table tje³¹ tje³¹ dau³³mei³² du³³mɛi³¹ du³¹mui¹²¹ du³¹mwei²¹³ a⁴⁴tɔi⁵³ tɛ³¹ dai⁵⁵ tje⁵³
椅子 chair ei⁵³ ei⁵³ ʔtaŋ³³⁵ɛi⁵⁵ taŋ³⁵ei⁵³ ei⁵³ a⁴⁴daŋ⁴² taŋ²⁴i³⁵ daŋ⁴⁴i³⁵ taŋ⁴³⁵i³⁵
凳子 stool taŋ²⁴ taŋ³⁵ taŋ⁴⁴ ʔtaŋ³³⁵ taŋ³⁵ taŋ³⁵ a⁴⁴daŋ⁴² taŋ²⁴ daŋ⁴⁴ taŋ⁴³⁵
床 bed tsʰou²⁴ tsʰəu³⁵ ȶou²¹ ȶʰɔu³³¹ sau⁵⁵ ɕou⁵⁵ fu⁴² ȶʰəu²⁴ lœn³¹ tɕʰu⁴⁴
柜子 cabinet kwei¹³ kui¹¹ gwai²² gwai³² kwei²² kwai¹¹ ki⁴²kui²⁴ lɔŋ⁴² lɔŋ³¹ lɔŋ⁴³³
锁 lock fo⁵² fɔ⁵³ kja⁵⁴⁵ kja⁵⁵ θwa⁵³ θwa⁵³ hɔu²⁴pɛi²⁴ sɔ³⁵ su³⁵ sɔ³⁵
灯 candle taŋ³³ taŋ³³ tɔŋ³⁵ ʔtɔːŋ³⁵ taŋ³³ taŋ³³ dziu⁵³tu⁴⁴ tən³³ doŋ³³ tɔ³³
杯子 cup tsaːn⁵² au³³ ȶɛːn⁵⁴⁵ ȶɛːn⁵⁵ tsəŋ⁵³ tɕaːn⁵³ a⁴⁴tsuŋ⁴⁴ au³³ tsa⁵⁵ɔu³³ tsan³⁵
碗 bowl wjen⁵² wjəŋ⁵³ wan⁵⁴⁵ van⁵⁵ van⁵³ van⁵³ a⁴⁴vjɛn²⁴ wan³⁵ ɔn³⁵ jaŋ³⁵
筷子 chopsticks tsou¹³ tsəu¹¹ ȶou²² ȶɔu³² tsau²² tɕou¹¹ a⁴⁴tau²² ȶəu⁴² tseu¹³ tɕu³¹
小木勺 spoon (wooden) tuːi³³ ȶui³¹kjen³⁵ gjaŋ³³⁵ȶɛi³³ naːŋ⁵⁵tswa²¹ ɕui³³djaŋ³⁵twən³³ djaŋ⁴²siu²²dan⁴⁴ ȶʰui³³ tɕɔ³⁵piu³¹
簸箕 winnowing basket sjaŋ³³ sjaŋ³³ saŋ³¹ ɕaŋ¹³ θjaŋ³³mai⁵³ ɕaŋ³³ num⁴²mɛi²⁴kɛŋ⁴⁴ n̥ən²⁴m̥i³⁵ȶaŋ³³ pʰeu⁴⁴ ɕaŋ³³
筛子 sieve sjaŋ³³tɕei³³ sjaŋ³³tɕei³³ gjai³⁵tθai²¹ ȶɛi³³⁵θɛi¹³ θei³¹kjei³³ ɕaŋ³³lau¹¹m̥ei⁵³ hɛi⁴⁴kɛŋ⁴⁴ sɛ³³ se³³ ɕe³³
风箱 bellows lou³¹ ləu³¹ lou³³ lɔu³³ lau³¹ lou³¹ a⁴⁴lu⁵³ ləu³¹ leu⁵⁵ lu⁵³
甑子 rice steamer tsaŋ²⁴ tsaŋ³⁵ tθaŋ⁴⁴ θaːŋ³³⁵ θaŋ³⁵ θaŋ³⁵ a⁴⁴taŋ⁴² tsaŋ²⁴ tsaŋ⁴⁴ tsaŋ⁴⁴
锅 pot tsʰɛːŋ³³ tsʰɛŋ³³ ȶɛŋ³¹ ȶʰɛːŋ¹³ sjeŋ³³ ɕɛŋ³³ a⁴⁴haŋ⁴⁴ tʰjɛ³³ tʰaŋ³³ tɕʰɯ³³
坛子 jug (earthen) tʰaːp⁵⁵ tʰa⁵⁴ ɛŋ³⁵ ɛːŋ³⁵ əŋ³⁵ oŋ³⁵tɕwən³¹ hop⁴⁴ tjau⁴² nɔu⁴⁴ jɯ⁴⁴
罐子 jar pɛːŋ³¹ pɛŋ³¹ kun⁴⁴ ʔpɛːŋ³³ si³¹pu¹²¹ ɛŋ³³ pa²²kjaŋ²²kɔn⁵³ pɛ³¹ biŋ⁵⁵ pjɯ⁵³
水缸 water tank wam³³tɕːin⁵² oŋ³⁵ wam³⁵kaŋ³⁵ vəm³⁵ȡɛŋ³³ vəm³³kaŋ³³ wəm³³θou³¹ a⁴⁴bjɛt⁴⁴ ən³³mɔŋ⁴² vən³³ɔŋ⁴⁴ wən³³ɔŋ⁴⁴
水瓢 ladle (for water) goːŋ⁵² biu³¹ ȶui³¹ wɔm³⁵ȶʰuːi¹³ vəm³³tswa³¹ wəm³³ɕui³³ ka⁴⁴siu²² ma⁴²ȶʰɔ⁴² vən³³piu³¹ wən³³nwa³⁵
扇子 fan bjaːt¹² bja²¹ bjaːp⁴² bjaːt³² bjap²¹ bjap³² a⁴⁴dzjɛp²² bjɛn⁴² tɕæ⁵⁵ pʰjai⁵³
刷子 brush soːt⁵⁵ swa⁵⁴ tuŋ³³tθɔt³² ȶʰaːt³²θat¹² swa²¹ taŋ³³ɕut³²ɕɛŋ³³ a⁴⁴tsɔt⁴⁴ tʰwan⁴²tʰwan⁴² ɕɔ²²tsɿ⁵⁵ tsʰai⁵⁵
伞 umbrella faːn²⁴ faŋ³⁵ tθaːn⁴⁴ θaːn³³⁵ θaːn³⁵ θaːn³⁵ a⁴⁴hɔn⁴² san²⁴ sun³⁵ san⁴⁴
秤 scales (weighing) dzjaŋ²⁴ dzjaŋ³⁵ ȡaŋ²¹ ȡaŋ³³¹ dzjaŋ⁵⁵ dʑaŋ⁵⁵ a⁴⁴dzaŋ⁴² ȡaŋ²⁴ tɕʰaŋ⁴⁴ tɕʰaŋ⁴⁴
胡芦 calabash ȵom⁵²ȵɛŋ³³ bu³¹ləu³¹ tlu³² ka³³lu³¹ blu³⁵ tui³³ fu⁵³lu⁵³ bu³¹n̥ən³⁵ bu⁵⁵hjɔu⁵⁵ pu⁵³lu³¹
刀 knife dzu¹² dzəu²¹ ȡu²² ȡu³² dzju²¹ dʑu³² a⁴⁴dziu²² ȡu⁴² tɕɔ⁵⁵ tsʰu⁵³
剪刀 scissors dʑiu⁵² dʑiu⁵³ ȡeu⁵⁴⁵ ȡiːu⁵⁵ gjəu⁵³ jeu⁵³ gɛu²⁴ gjau³⁵ kljɔu³⁵ tsiŋ⁴³³
镰刀 sickle lim³¹ bau³¹liŋ³¹ ȡu²²wɛŋ³³ ȡu³²ʔtu³⁵ bə³¹ðim³¹ lim²¹³ dzjam⁵³dɔu⁴⁴ mɛ⁴²ta³³ ke³³ ma⁵³ta³³
剪禾刀 sickle (harvesting) dzip⁵⁵ dʑi⁵⁴ dip⁵⁴ ȡiːp¹² ho³¹ljen³¹ dip³² a⁴⁴djɛp⁴⁴ gan⁵³gan⁵³ di³⁵ di⁵⁵
斧头 axe pou⁵² pəu⁵³ pou⁵⁴⁵ ʔpɔu⁵⁵ pau⁵³ pou⁵³ a⁴⁴pu²⁴ bəu³⁵ peu³⁵ pu³⁵
锄头 hoe pʰoːŋ³³ kəu²¹ kwak⁵⁴ kʰwaːk¹² kʰwa³¹ðim³³ pa³³ȵo⁴³ kiu⁴⁴hu⁵³ ȶo⁵³tsau³¹ tsɔu⁵⁵jɔu³³ tsʰu⁵³tsau³¹
刮锄 hoe (type of) ȵiu³³ ȵəu³³ kwak⁵⁴ŋau³⁵ ȶuŋ³⁵ɕɛːt³⁵ kʰwa³¹klaːŋ⁵³ pʰɔŋ⁵³ a⁴⁴kat⁴⁴ kau⁵³tu³³ lu⁴⁴kwei³³ kwe³³
铲子 shovel tsʰeːn⁵² tsʰəŋ⁵³tsei⁵³ tuŋ³³ȶaŋ⁴³ ȶʰaːn⁴² kʰjun⁵⁵ taŋ³³ɕaːn⁵³ a⁴⁴han²⁴ ȶʰan³⁵ȶʰan³⁵ tʰan³⁵ tɕʰan³⁵
耙子 rake pa³¹ pa³¹ tuŋ³³pa³³ ʔpa³³ pa³¹ pa³¹ a⁴⁴pa⁵³ pa³¹ ba⁵⁵ pa⁵³
犁 plough lai³¹ lai³¹ tuŋ³³gjai³³ gjai³³ ðai³¹ gai³¹ a⁴⁴hɛi⁵³ lai³¹ lai⁵⁵ ɣai⁵³
锥子 awl tswei³³ dzuŋ³⁵ tθun⁴⁴ ȵuːi³⁵ tswei³⁵ ȵwei⁵³ tsui⁴⁴ tsui²⁴tsaŋ³⁵ tɕi³³ tɕy³³
推铇 remove fwo⁵⁵ pʰau³¹tsei⁵³ tuŋ³³pau²² ʔpaːu³² paːu²² paːu¹¹ pɛŋ⁵³han²⁴ tʰwəi³³pau⁴² pɔu¹³ pau³¹
锉子 file dʑou²⁴tu³¹ tsʰɔ³⁵tsei⁵³ ȡau²¹ dɔu³³¹ tsʰo⁵⁵ tau³² ki⁴²tɔu⁵³ tsʰɔ²⁴tsɿ⁵³ kwɔŋ³³tɕiu⁵⁵
钻子 drill dzun²⁴ tsaŋ²³² tuŋ³³tθun²¹ kwɛi³⁵θun³³⁵ θun⁵⁵ foŋ⁵³θun⁵⁵ a⁴⁴tsjɛ⁵³ ȶʰa³³tsun²⁴ kiŋ³³kaŋ³³tsan³⁵
钳子 pliers, pincers ɬje⁵⁵dʑiːm³¹ ja⁵⁴ tuŋ³³ȵap⁵⁴ gja¹²ȵɛːp³⁵ kim³¹ ȵɛp⁴³ ljɛ⁴⁴ȵɛp²² gan⁵³gan⁵³ ke³⁵
凿子 chisel tsu¹² tsəu²¹ tθu²² θu³² θu²¹ θu³² a⁴⁴hiu²² tsʰu⁴² tsjɔ⁵⁵ tsʰu⁵³
锯子 saw dʑou²⁴ jəu³⁵ ȡou⁴⁴ ȡɔu³³⁵ gjau³⁵ jou³⁵ ki⁴² ȡəu²⁴ tɕiu⁴⁴ kjəu⁴⁴
梯子 ladder tʰei³³ tʰei³³ tei³¹ tʰɛi¹³ tʰei³³ tʰei³³ a⁴⁴hai⁴⁴ tʰəi³³ tʰi³³ tʰi³³
车子 vehicle, carriage tsʰje³³ tsʰje³³tsei³³ sa³¹ ɕa¹³ sja³³ ɕa³³ a⁴⁴tsjɛ⁵³ ȶʰa³³ tɕʰa³³ tɕha³³
棍子 stick pja⁵² pa⁵³ pja⁵⁴⁵bja²² ʔpja⁵⁵ pla⁵³ pla⁵³ ti⁵³ti⁵³ pə⁴² klɛŋ⁴⁴ pɣa³⁵
碓 pestle toːi²⁴ twa³⁵ tɔi⁴⁴ ʔtɔːi³³⁵ twaːi³⁵ tɔi³⁵ a⁴⁴dui⁴² twai²⁴ di⁴⁴ twai⁴⁴
绳子 rope ɬaːŋ³³ ɬaŋ³³ laŋ³¹ laːŋ¹³ laŋ³³ l̥aːŋ³³ a⁴⁴diu⁴² ɬaŋ³³ ljaŋ³³ laŋ³³
箩筐 basket laːi³¹ la³¹ daːn³⁵ kiːu³¹ ðaːi³¹ gaːi³¹ lɔu⁵³ hwəi⁵³lɔŋ⁴² pu³¹ ɣai⁵³
梭子 shuttle sɔ³³tsei⁵³ dlou³² glɔu³¹ pjau³³θo³³ gou²¹³ sɔ³³ tɕan⁵⁵
弩 crossbow n̥ak⁵⁵ nəu²³² na⁵⁴ na⁴² na¹²¹ daːŋ³⁵ nu⁴⁴
箭 arrow tsin²⁴ tɕiŋ³⁵ tθɔŋ³⁵ θɔŋ³⁵ na⁵⁵ θin⁵⁵ tɛm⁴² tsɛn²⁴ tsiŋ⁴⁴ tsiŋ⁴⁴
枪 gun tsʰoŋ²⁴ tsʰoŋ³⁵ ȶɔŋ²¹ ȶʰɔŋ³³¹ səŋ⁵⁵ pa⁵³ɕwaŋ⁵⁵ a⁴⁴tsuŋ²⁴ ȶʰɔŋ²⁴ tɕʰɔŋ⁴⁴ tɕʰɔŋ⁴⁴
火药 gunpowder fiu³³ fiu³³ tθiu³⁵ θiːu³⁵ θiu³³ θjeu⁵³ tsuŋ²⁴tsɛi⁴⁴ ɕau³³ siu³³
笔 pen pat⁵⁵ pa⁵⁴ pat⁵⁴ ʔpat³⁵ pat⁵⁴ pat⁴³ a⁴⁴bit⁴⁴ pan⁵³ bæ³⁵ pai³³
墨 ink maːt¹² ma²¹ mak²¹ mak³² ma²¹ ma³² a⁴⁴ma²² m̥ɔ⁴² ma³² mɔ⁵³
纸 paper tsei⁵² tsei⁵³ ȶei⁵⁴⁵ ȶɛi⁵⁵ tsei⁵³ tɕei⁵³ a⁴⁴tsi²⁴ ȶəi³⁵ tɕi³⁵ tɕi³⁵
铃 bell liːŋ³¹ liŋ³¹ giːŋ³³ giːŋ³³ liŋ³¹ giŋ³¹ lɛŋ⁵³ klɔ²⁴ kluŋ⁴⁴
笛子 flute wɛːŋ³¹dzat¹² ti¹¹ bun⁴⁴blei⁴⁴ bu³³¹ʔtɛ⁵⁵ ho³⁵mɛ³⁵ a⁴⁴tɛt²² wɛ³¹ȡan⁴² siu³³kwən³⁵ tɕʰai⁵³
喇叭 trumpet hau²⁴ su³¹na¹¹ ȡat²¹ bɔ³³hɔ³³¹ kə³¹saːu⁵³ ho⁵⁵toŋ²¹³ hɔ²⁴tɔ⁵³ bi³³li³⁵ pi³³li³³
锣 gong lo³¹ lɔ³¹ lɔ³³ lɔ³³ lo³¹ lɔ³¹ a⁴⁴lɔu⁵³ lɔ³¹ nuŋ⁵⁵ lɔ⁵³
鼓 drum dzu²³¹ dzu³² ȡu³² ȡu³¹ dzju¹²¹ dʑo²¹³ tiŋ⁴²ku⁴⁴tiŋ⁴⁴ du⁴² tsu³¹ tɕʰu⁴⁴
钹 cymbals po¹³tssei⁵² po³¹tsei⁵³ duŋ³³faːt⁴² ȡu³¹faːt³² tsʰa⁵³ tɕʰaːu⁵⁵ kam⁴⁴kam⁴⁴tsɛi²² tɕʰɛ⁵³tɕʰɛ⁵³ tɕʰɛ³¹
歌 song dzuŋ³³ dzuŋ³³ ȡuŋ³⁵ ȡuŋ³⁵ dzjoŋ³³ dʑuŋ³³ a⁴⁴tsiŋ⁴⁴ ȡwə³³ vei⁵⁵ wei⁵³
梦 dream bei²⁴ bei³⁵ bei⁴⁴ bɛi³³⁵ bei²² bu⁴² bəi²⁴ pi⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴sjeŋ³³
影子 shadow ɛːŋ⁵² ɛŋ⁵³ dlam⁴⁴ bu³³klɔːi³⁵ ki³¹kwjai³³ ɛŋ⁵³ a⁴⁴vɔn⁵³ ljɔ³¹ɛ³⁵ eŋ³⁵ jɯ³⁵

Verbs

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
抱(小孩) hold (child) in arms ɬoːp⁵⁵ ɬɔ⁵⁴ kjam⁵⁴⁵ kjam⁵⁵ pau³¹ pou³¹ djam⁴⁴ pəu³¹ pu³¹ pau⁵⁵
背(小孩) carry (child) on back ȵe²⁴ ȵe³⁵ men³⁵ mɛːn³⁵ ȵa³⁵ ȵa³⁵ ba⁴⁴ ȵa³⁵ ɛ⁴⁴ ȵa⁴³⁵
拌(猪食) mix (pig food) tɕʰou⁵² pau³¹ tlo³⁵ lɔu⁵⁵ klau³³ klo³³ lau²⁴ plun⁴² vɛŋ³¹
摆(动) put (move) gam⁵² toŋ²³² vaːi³² ʔpaːt³² vjeːt⁴⁵ jɔp³² ȵɔu²² ma³⁵ ŋiɛ³¹
绑(住) tie sai³³ du³¹ paŋ⁵⁴⁵ ʔpaːŋ⁵⁵ θai³³ ɕai³³ dɔu⁵³ paŋ⁵³ tɔ⁵⁵
绊(脚) trip (leg) pʰaːn²⁴ pʰaŋ³⁵ paŋ²¹ kʰwan³³¹ kʰwaŋ⁵⁵ kʰwaŋ⁵⁵ liu⁵³ pan²⁴ pʰan⁴⁴ pʰan⁴⁴
簸(米) bump (rice) ȵom²⁴ ȵ̥uŋ³⁵ ȵom²¹ ȵum³³¹ ȵəm⁵⁵ ȵum⁵⁵ num⁴² ȵ̥ən¹³ nœn⁴⁴ pwaŋ³³
(虫子)爬 crawl (of insect) ȵ̥oːn³³ ȵɔŋ³³ ȵɔːŋ³⁵ ȵɔːŋ³⁵ ȵɔːŋ³³ pla³¹ ȵap⁴⁴ ȵ̥wan⁵³ ba³³ pɣaŋ³¹
(不)怕 (not) afraid ka³¹dzje²⁴ hɛ⁵⁴ kom³³ȡa²¹ kum³³ȡa³³¹ dzja⁵⁵ dʑa⁵⁵ dzjɛ⁴² kʰən⁵³ȡa²⁴ tɕiu¹³ tsʰa⁴³³
跑 run tʰiu²⁴ pau³⁵ tiu²¹ thiu³³¹ tʰiu⁵⁵ kʰiu⁵⁵ piu⁴² dzan⁵³ plou⁴⁴ pɣau⁴⁴
梦(见) dream (see) bei²⁴ bei³⁵ bei⁴⁴ bɛi³³⁵ bei³³ bɛn⁴² bəi²⁴ pi⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴
迷(路) become lost mei³¹ lɔŋ⁴³ lɔŋ⁴² ləŋ⁵³ dzau⁵³ ta²⁴ mi²²
摸(着) touch ɬwo³³ lwə²³² bla³² lɔm³⁵ mwa³³ lwa³³ bɛn⁵³ mɔ⁵³ meu³¹
埋 bury pjop⁵⁵ pəu⁵⁴ mɔk³² mɔːk³⁵ mu⁵³ plop³² tɔŋ⁴² tsaŋ²⁴ tsuŋ⁴⁴ pwa⁵⁵
买(肉) buy (meat) maːi²³¹ ma²³² maːi³² maːi³¹ mai³³ maːi³⁵ mai⁴⁴ nɔŋ⁴² mai³¹ nɔŋ³¹
卖(柴) sell (firewood) maːi¹³ ma¹¹ maːi²² maːi³² mai²² maːi¹¹ mai²² ma⁴² mai¹³ mai³¹
没有 not have maiː⁵² ma⁵³təu⁵⁴ ma³⁵naːi³³ ma³⁵naːi³³ m̩³⁵mai³¹ m̩³⁵maːi⁵³ ŋ̩⁵³nɔu⁵³ ɬa⁴² ma¹³ mei⁵³mui³¹
飞 fly dai²⁴ dai³⁵ dai²¹ dai³³¹ dai⁵⁵ dai⁵⁵ sɛi⁴⁴ dai²⁴ pʰwei³³ pʰɯi³³
问 ask naːi¹³ na¹¹ naːi²² naːi³² naːi²² naːi¹¹ nɔi²² na⁴² nwei¹³ nai³¹
望 look maŋ¹³ maŋ¹¹ maŋ²² maːŋ³² nom⁵³ ȵou⁵⁵ ljau⁴² mə⁴² ŋɔ⁴⁴ mɯ³¹
挖 dig mwo⁵⁵ wei⁵⁴ veːt²⁴ vɛːt³⁵ vjet⁵⁴ vet⁴³ vɛt⁴⁴ un⁵³ ve³⁵ hwa³³
答 answer tau³³ tau³³ taːu³⁵ ʔtaːp³⁵ ta³³ taːp⁴³ du⁴⁴ dau³³ dja³³ ta³¹
躲(藏) hide piːŋ²⁴ piŋ³⁵ mɛm⁵⁴⁵ ʔtu³³⁵ meŋ³⁵ mɛŋ³⁵ ba²² tɕen²⁴ pɔ³¹tsu³¹ pʰɔ⁴⁴
懂 understand pei³³ du⁵⁴ sa³⁵ ʔpɛi³⁵ pei³³ pei³³ bɛi⁴⁴ ɕjɛ³⁵ bi³³ tɔŋ³¹
跳 jump tʰiu²⁴ tʰiu³⁵ dɛŋ³⁵ dɛːŋ³⁵ piu³³ dit⁴³ dɛu⁴⁴ diu²⁴ diu⁴⁴ tʰjau⁴⁴
听 listen mwaŋ²⁴ mwəŋ³⁵ muŋ²¹ muŋ³³¹ moŋ⁵⁵ moŋ⁵⁵ maŋ⁴² m̥ɔŋ²⁴ maŋ⁴⁴ mɔŋ⁴⁴
偷 steal nim¹³ niŋ¹¹ nim²² mim³² nim²² nim¹¹ ȵɛm²² tʰəi³³ niŋ¹³ niŋ³¹
走 go jaŋ³¹ jaŋ³¹ jaŋ³³ jaŋ³³ jaŋ³¹ jaŋ³¹ dzaŋ⁵³ ȵaŋ³¹ jaŋ⁵⁵ ȵaŋ⁵³
去 walk miːŋ³¹ miŋ³¹ niŋ³³ niŋ³³ miŋ³¹ miŋ³¹ mi⁵³ pun⁵³ bwɔ³⁵ ȵaŋ³¹
来 come taːi³¹ ta³¹ taːi³³ ʔtaːi³³ taːi³¹ taːi³¹ tɛi⁵³ ta³¹ la³¹ tai⁵³
聋 deaf duŋ³³ duŋ³³ doŋ³⁵ duŋ³⁵ ðəŋ³¹ goŋ³¹ dɔŋ⁴⁴ dwə³³ djɔŋ³³ ɣɔŋ⁵³
流(水) flow (water) ljou¹³ ljəu¹¹ gjou²² gjɔu³² ðjəu²² gjeu¹¹ li²² tʰwəi³³ ljɔu¹³ ɣəu³¹
烂 rotten hu⁵² hu⁵³ jɔːt²⁴ jɔːt³⁵ hu⁵³ ho⁵³ vu²⁴ hu³⁵ meu³⁵ fu³⁵
算 count fun²⁴ fuŋ³⁵ tθuŋ⁴⁴ θun³³⁵ θun³⁵ θun³⁵ da²⁴ sun²⁴ sun⁴⁴ sun⁴⁴
知道 know pei³³ pei³³ pei³⁵ ʔpɛi³⁵ pei³³ pei³³ bɛi⁴⁴ pəi³³ bi³³ hi³³tu⁵⁵
站 stand sou⁵² səu⁵³ bɔp³² bɔːp¹² θau⁵³ ɕou⁵³ fu²⁴ səu³⁵ ɕiu³⁵ ɕu³⁵
织(布) weave (cloth) dat⁵⁵ da⁵⁴ dat⁵⁴ dat³⁵ dat⁵⁴ dat⁴³ dat⁴⁴ dan⁵³ tæ³⁵ tai⁵⁵
吃 eat ȵen¹³ ȵəŋ¹¹ ȵin²² ȵin³² ȵin²² ȵen¹¹ ȵan²² ȵin⁴² ȵen¹³ ŋjən³¹
吹(木叶) blow (leaf) pjom⁵² bəu³³ pjam⁵⁴⁵ ʔpjam⁵⁵ pʰləm⁵³ pwəm⁵³ sui⁴² ȶʰui³³ tɕʰi³³ pwan³⁵
杀(猪) kill (pig) tai²⁴ tai³⁵ tai⁴⁴ ʔtai³³⁵ tai³⁵ tai³⁵ dai⁴² tai²⁴ ljaŋ³⁵ djai⁴³⁵
说 say koːŋ⁵² kɔŋ⁵³ kɔŋ⁵⁴⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ koŋ⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³ kɔŋ²⁴ ȶɔ³⁵ kloŋ³⁵ kjɔ³⁵
烧(山) burn (mountain) pwo⁵² pwə⁵³ pu⁵⁴⁵ ʔpu⁵⁵ pu⁵³ pu⁵³ bu²⁴ pau³⁵ bɔu³⁵ pəu³⁵
睡 sleep pwei²⁴ pwei³⁵ fei⁴⁴ fɛi³³⁵ pwei³⁵ pwei³⁵ bui⁴² mi²⁴ bi⁴⁴ pwei⁴⁴
筛(米) sieve (rice) lo³¹ hwai³³ tθaːi³¹ θaːi¹³ kjei³³ ɕai³³ kɛi⁴² sɛ³³ le³³ ɕe³³
吸(血) suck (blood) so⁵⁵ so⁵⁴ duːt³¹ duːt³⁵ ðut⁵⁴ ȵei¹¹ tit⁴⁴ dzun⁵³ tɕy³⁵ tsɔ⁵⁵
想(回家) think (of going home) n̥am⁵² sjaŋ⁵³ ȵei³³ ȵɛi³³ lam⁵³ lam⁵³ sjaŋ²⁴ caŋ⁵³ saŋ³³ saŋ³³
(狗)咬 bite (of dog) tap¹² ta²¹ tap²¹ ʔtap³² tap²¹ tap³² ŋau⁴⁴ tʰan⁴² tæ²² tʰai⁵³
有 have ma:i³¹ ma³¹ na:i³³ naːi³³ maːi³¹ maːi³¹ bɔt⁴⁴ ma³¹ mai⁵⁵ mai⁵³
过(河) cross (river) kwje²⁴ kje³⁵ kui⁴⁴ kuːi³³⁵ kwai³⁵ kwɔi³⁵ kɛi⁴² kwa²⁴ kwei⁴⁴ tɕwei⁴⁴
哭 cry, weep ȵom⁵² ȵəŋ⁵³ ȵim⁵⁴⁵ ȵin⁵⁵ ȵim⁵³ njem⁵³ ȵɛm²⁴ ȵan³⁵ ȵan³⁵ ȵwa³⁵
啃 gnaw ɬai²⁴ gei³⁵ sɛt⁵⁴ ɕɛːt³⁵ tap²¹ ŋaːt³² dɛu²² kʰlən³⁵ tæ³¹ kau³⁵
喝(水) drink (water) hop⁵⁵ həp⁵⁴ hɔp³² hɔp¹² həp⁴³ hop⁴³ həu⁵⁴ hup⁴⁴ hə³⁵ hwa⁵⁵
呕吐 vomit lu⁵² u⁵³ o⁵⁴⁵ o⁵⁵ u⁵³ ou⁵³ lu⁵³ fɔn⁴⁴ u³⁵ ɣəu³⁵
种(玉米) plant (corn) tswaŋ²⁴ tiŋ³³ sɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕɔŋ³³⁵ tsəŋ³⁵ tɕwəŋ³⁵ tsuŋ⁴² ȶɔŋ²⁴ tɕɔŋ⁴⁴ tsɔŋ⁴³⁵

Adjectives

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
恶 evil o⁵⁵ o²² ɔk⁵⁴ ho³² o²² a⁴³ ɔ⁵³ ɔu²² ɔ⁵³
白 white pɛ¹² pje²¹ pɛ²² ʔpa³² pje²¹ pɛ³² pɛ²¹ pa²² ba⁵⁵ pʰje⁵³
饱满 full tɕau³¹ kau³¹ kjau³³ kjaːu³³ kjau³¹ kjau³¹ tu⁵³ klau³¹ tɕɔŋ⁴⁴
薄 thin (width) pje¹² pje²¹ fa²² fa³² pwa²¹ pwa³² pjɛ²² blɔ³⁵ bɔu⁵⁵ pʰja⁵³
饱 full, satiated peu⁵² pei⁵³ pjeu⁵⁴⁵ ʔpɛu⁵⁵ pjəu⁵³ peu⁵³ bɛu²⁴ pjau³⁵ jan³³ pje³⁵
漂浮 floating bjou³¹ bjəu³¹ bjou³³ bjɔu³³ bjəu³¹ bjeu³¹ bɛu⁵³ bjau³¹ pjɔu⁵⁵ pjau⁵³
漂亮 beautiful dzwei¹³ kwai³³ kwai⁵⁴⁵ kwaːi⁵⁵ ðjaŋ³¹ðei²² gɔŋ³¹ bɔt⁴⁴hiŋ⁴² tsəi⁴²tɕɛ³⁵ kleu³⁵ tsjaŋ⁴³³
密 dense ma¹² ma²¹ nuŋ²² nuŋ³³ ma²¹ ma³² mɔu²² bai⁴² ma²² ma⁵³
满 full pwaŋ⁵² pwəŋ⁵³ pɔŋ⁵⁴⁵ ʔpɔŋ⁵⁵ pəŋ⁵³ pwəŋ⁵³ baŋ²⁴ pɔŋ³⁵ baŋ³⁵ pwəŋ³⁵
忙 busy pe⁵⁵ koŋ³³tɕəŋ⁵³ kɔːn⁴⁴ kɔːn⁵⁵ ȵaŋ³⁵ mɔŋ²¹³ kin⁴² ȶan⁵³ kluŋ⁵⁵
偏(斜) crooked pʰjen³³ pʰjəŋ³³ ȡa³⁵ ȡa³⁵ ȵiŋ³⁵ pʰjen³³ tɛu²⁴ tɕɛ³⁵ pʰen³³ pʰeŋ³³
慢 slow ton¹³ maŋ¹¹ maːn²² man³² man²² man¹¹ man²² man⁴² man¹³ tun³¹
(刀)锋利 sharp (knife) lai¹³ lai¹¹ gjai²² gjai³² ðaːi²² gai¹¹ hɛi²² lai⁴² lai¹³ ɣai³¹
腻 greasy ȵaŋ²⁴ kuŋ¹¹ kun²² kun³² hjun²² kun¹¹ tin²² njaŋ²⁴ jen³¹ kɔ³⁵
旺 fortuitous ɕaːŋ²⁴ hjaŋ³⁵ hɔŋ⁴³ hɔŋ⁴² hoːŋ²² hoŋ¹¹ sa²² hən²⁴ lu³³
(刀)钝 dull (knife) doːŋ⁵² dəŋ⁵³ plun⁵⁴⁵ blun⁵⁵ mut⁴⁵ mu⁴³ tun⁵³ lwɔi³¹ tɕɛ³¹
短 short naŋ⁵² naŋ⁵³ niŋ⁵⁴⁵ niŋ⁵⁵ naŋ⁵³ naŋ⁵³ naŋ⁵³ naŋ³⁵ naŋ³⁵ naŋ³⁵
(胆)大 brave ɬu³³ lu²³² lu³¹ lu¹³ lu³³ lo³³ lɔu⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³ lu¹³ lu³³
大(山) big (mountain) tom³¹ tuŋ³¹ lu³¹ lu¹³ tʰom³¹ tʰɔm³¹ tam⁵³ tin⁴² dæn⁵⁵ tan⁵³
低 low ai⁵² ai⁵³ ha³² ha³¹ ha¹²¹ ha²¹³ ɛi²⁴ hɔ⁴² ai³⁵ ai³⁵
淡 light (porridge) tsaːm⁵² tsaŋ⁵³ tθam⁵⁴⁵ θaːm⁵⁵ θaːm⁵³ θaːm⁵³ tɔm²⁴ tsan³⁵ tœn³¹ tsan³⁵
多 many tsʰam⁵² tsʰaŋ⁵³ duŋ⁴⁴ duŋ³³⁵ tsoŋ³³ tɕuŋ³³ tsɔŋ⁴⁴ njɛn³⁵ kʰu³⁵ tɕu³³
早 early dzjou⁵² dzjəu⁵³ gjou⁵⁴⁵ gjɔu⁵⁵ ðjəu⁵³ djeu⁵³ du²⁴ djau³⁵ tsjɔu³⁵ tjəu³⁵
酸 sour suːi³³ sui³³ tθui³¹ θuːi¹³ θui³³ ɕui³³ si⁴⁴ swəi³³ ɕi³³ ɕui³³
甜 sweet kaːm³³ kaŋ³³ kaːm³⁵ kaːm³⁵ kaːm³³ kaːm³³ dɔi⁵³ kan³³ kwɔn³³ kan³³
脏(水) dirty (water) lai³¹tʰaːt⁵⁵ lu³¹fəu⁵³ tlo³³ klu³³ mwa³⁵ mwa³⁵ ɔu⁴⁴tɔu⁴⁴ lɛ⁴²tʰɛ³⁵ u³³tsu³³ lje⁴³³tʰje³⁵
吝啬 stingy fiu⁵²laːŋ¹³ lai¹¹ tθai²¹ hɔ³²θɛːk³⁵ ȵan³⁵ ɕai⁵⁵ hum⁴⁴lɔu⁴⁴ tɕɛn³³ ma³¹si⁵⁵
亮 bright gwjaŋ³³ gjaŋ³³ gwaŋ³⁵ gwaŋ³⁵ gwaŋ³³ gwaŋ³³ vjaŋ⁴⁴ gwaŋ³³ koŋ³³ kjaŋ³³
老 old (person) ku²⁴ ku³⁵ ko⁴⁴ ko³³⁵ ku³⁵ ko³⁵ ku⁴² ku²⁴ ku⁴⁴ ku⁴⁴
懒 lazy lwei¹³ lwei¹¹ lei²² lɛi³² lwei²² lwei¹¹ lan⁴⁴ lwəi⁴² le¹³ lwai³¹
烂(瓜) rotten (melon) hu⁵² hu⁵³ jɔːt²⁴ jɔːt³⁵ hu⁵³ vai¹¹ vai²² wjə³¹ meu³⁵ fu³⁵
绿(叶) green (leaf) mɛːŋ³³ mɛŋ³³ mɛŋ³⁵ mɛːŋ³⁵ mjeŋ³³ mɛŋ³³ mɛŋ⁴⁴ mɛ³³ miŋ³³ mjɯ³³
(水)凉 cold (water) nam²⁴ naŋ³⁵ tθiŋ⁴⁴ θiŋ³³⁵ θiŋ³⁵ θiŋ³⁵ liŋ⁵³ nan²⁴ nan⁴⁴ nan⁴⁴
凉(饭) cold (rice) nam²⁴ naŋ³⁵ nam⁴⁴ nam³³⁵ nam³⁵ nam³⁵ liŋ⁵³ nan²⁴ nan⁴⁴ nan⁴⁴
(天气)冷 cold (weather) tɕwaŋ⁵² tɕwəŋ⁵³ sɔŋ⁵⁴⁵ ɕɔŋ⁵⁵ kjəŋ⁵³ tɕwəŋ⁵³ kuŋ²⁴ ȶɔŋ³⁵ tɕɔŋ³⁵ kjɔŋ³⁵
蔽(布) cover (cloth) mɛːŋ²⁴ mɛŋ³³ mɛŋ³⁵ mɛːŋ³⁵ bu⁵³ bu⁵³ mɛŋ⁴⁴ mɛ³³ kʰoŋ³⁵ mjɯ³³
辣 spicy bjaːt¹² ba²¹ bjaːt⁴² bjaːt³² blaːt²¹ blaːt³² bjɛt²² blan⁴² plæ²² pʰɣai⁵³
酽(茶) strong (tea) noŋ³¹ nuŋ³¹ nok²¹ ʔtɔŋ³³⁵ ȵoŋ³¹ ŋaːm¹¹ nuŋ⁵³ nwə³¹ njɔŋ⁵⁵ njɔŋ⁵³
难 difficult naːn³¹ naŋ³¹ ȶou⁴³ naːn³³ naːn³¹ naːn³¹ nan⁵³ ȶa⁵³ tɕwei³³ nan⁵³
直 straight tsa¹² tsa²¹ ȶa²² ȶa³² tsa²¹ tɕa³² laŋ⁴⁴ glaŋ³¹ pliŋ³⁵ pɣaŋ³¹
整齐 neat dzoːi³¹ tsaŋ⁵³dzwa³¹ ti³³bɛŋ³³ ɕai³³ tsin⁵³tsʰi³¹ pɛŋ³¹ tam⁴⁴ dzwai³¹ tsai⁵⁵ tsai⁵³
重 heavy n̥je⁵² ȵe⁵³ ni⁴³ ni⁴² ni⁵³ n̥i⁵³ nɛi²⁴ n̥i³⁵ ŋe³⁵ ȵwei³⁵
窄 narrow hep¹² ei²¹ heːp⁴² gɛːp³² hjep²¹ hep³² hɛp²² hjɛn⁴² he²² hje⁵³
(粥)稠 thick (porridge) dʑat¹² je²¹ kat²¹ kat³⁵ mo⁵⁴ mɔk⁴³ gɛŋ⁵³ njau³¹ pa²²ve¹³ ȵəu³¹
丑 ugly tsʰjou⁵² tsʰjəu⁵³ ȡai³² li³³kʰam³² sjəu⁵³ θam¹¹ dzaŋ³³kwai²⁴ lai⁴⁴ tsʰəu³⁵
臭 smelly tswei²⁴ tswei³⁵ tθei⁴⁴ θɛi³³⁵ θwei³⁵ θwei³⁵ ti⁴² tswəi²⁴ tse⁴⁴ tswai⁴³⁵
迟 late tsai³¹ tsai³¹ tai³³ ȶai³³ tsai³¹ tɕai³¹ ɔn⁴² ȶai³¹ tsai⁵⁵ tɕai⁵³
长 long daːu⁵² da⁵³ daːu⁵⁴⁵ daːu⁵⁵ daːu⁵³ daːu⁵³ du²⁴ da³⁵ dɔu³⁵ tau³⁵
湿(衣服) wet (clothes) doːn³³ dwaŋ³³ dɔn³⁵ dɔːn³⁵ gai¹²¹ jai²¹³ kap²² dʑi⁴² tən³³ twən³³
毒(蛇) poisonous (snake) tu¹² tu²¹ dɔːk²¹ dɔːk³² tu²¹ tok³² tɔp²⁴ du⁴² tu²² tu⁵³
少 few tsu¹² tsu²¹ tθɔ²² θɔ³² θu²¹ θo³² hu²² tsʰɔ⁴² tsɔ²² tsʰɔ⁵³
深 deep du³³ du³³ do³⁵ do³⁵ du³³ do³³ sjam⁴⁴ du³³ du³³ du³³
瘦(肉) lean (meat) tɕai¹³ kai¹¹ kjai²² kjai³² θiŋ³³ kje¹¹ kɛi²² in⁵³ klai¹³ kɣai³¹
潮湿 moist, damp tsiu³¹wjun¹³ n̥aŋ³³ nam⁴³ dɔːn³⁵ tsiu³¹haːn²² nam¹¹ fat⁴⁴ȵau²⁴ un³¹ tɕiu⁵⁵
软 soft mau³³ mau³³ da³³mei²² nɛi³² du³¹mui²² du³¹mwei¹¹ mai²² mi⁴² jɔn⁵⁵ nuŋ³¹
(天气)热 hot (weather) wjo⁵⁵ wjə⁵⁴ kjɔm³⁵ kjɔːm³⁵ kjoːm³³ kɔm³³ tsam⁴⁴ klan³³ hɔŋ³⁵ kɣɔn³³
(水)热 hot (water) tɕoːm³³ kɔŋ³³ kjɔm³⁵ kjɔːm³⁵ kjoːm³³ kɔm³³ tsam⁴⁴ bəi²⁴ klœn³³ kɣɔn³³
尖 sharp dzim³¹ dziŋ³¹ gjai²² gjai³² ðim³³ dim³³ hɛi²² kli³⁵ tɕi³³ tsin³³
近 near fat⁵⁵ fa⁵⁴ tθat⁵⁴ θat³⁵ θat⁵⁴ θat⁴³ tsan²² tɕin⁴² tɕen¹³ kjən³¹
久 long lau³¹ lau³¹ lau³³ daːu³³ lau³¹ lau³¹ lu⁵³ nai³¹ nai¹³ nai³¹
旧 old (thing) lu²³¹ tɕəu¹¹ lo⁴⁴ lu³⁵ lou¹²¹ lou²¹³ ku⁴⁴ lu²⁴ lu³¹ lu³¹
结实 strong bap⁵⁵tsjet¹² tɕəŋ³³ taŋ⁴³ ȶit³⁵ ma⁴³ ma⁴³ tip⁴⁴ blə⁴² lɔŋ⁴⁴ dwa³³ɕi³³
青(菜) green (vegetables) mɛːŋ³³ mɛŋ³³ mɛŋ³⁵ mɛːŋ³⁵ mjeŋ³³ mɛŋ³³ mɛŋ⁴⁴ mɛ³³ miŋ³³ mjɯ³³
齐 even dzoːi³¹ dzwa³¹ dðɔi³³ ɕai³³ ðwai³¹ dɔi³¹ dai⁵³ dzwai³¹ tsai⁵⁵ tsai⁵³
勤 diligent tɕen³¹ tɕəŋ³¹ vaːi²² ʔpɛ³²hɔu³² su³¹həu⁵³ bwai¹¹ di²⁴ku⁵³ gwai⁴² kwei¹³ pwai³¹
轻 light (weight) heŋ³³ həŋ³³ sou³¹ ɕɔu¹³ θjəu³³ ɕeu³³ bɛu⁴⁴ hjau³³ ɕɔu³³ ɕəu³³
咸 salty dzaːi³¹ dza³¹ dai³³ daːi³³ ðaːi³¹ daːi³¹ dɔi⁵³ dza³¹ tswei⁵⁵ tsa⁵³
香 fragrant daːŋ³³ daŋ³³ daŋ³⁵ daːŋ³⁵ daŋ³³ daːŋ³³ dɔŋ⁴⁴ daŋ³³ tɔŋ³³ daŋ³³; taŋ³³
(胆)小 timid fai²⁴ mwəŋ³⁵ kjen³⁵ kjɛːn³⁵ mun⁵³ ni³⁵ hɛi⁴² ŋjɛ³⁵ se³³ sai³³
(粉)细 fine (powder) mwan¹³ mwəŋ¹¹ min²² kjɛːn³⁵ mun⁵³ mwən¹¹ mun²² mun⁴² mwɔn¹³ mwən³¹
(价钱)贵 expensive tɕaːi²⁴ tɕwa³⁵ sai⁴⁴ ɕaːi³³⁵ kʷjai⁵⁵⁵ tɕwai⁵⁵ kui⁴² ȶwai²⁴ tɕi⁴⁴ tɕwei⁴⁴
干净 clean koːn³³dzeŋ¹³ dzəŋ¹¹ dðaŋ²² daŋ³² ðaŋ²² daŋ¹¹ ljaŋ⁵³li²² sɔ²⁴ljəi³¹ ljaŋ⁵⁵li¹³ tsaŋ³¹hɣɔ³³
高 high, tall ɬaŋ³³ ɬaŋ³³ gjaŋ³¹ gjaŋ¹³ ðaŋ³³ gaŋ³³ dzɔŋ⁴⁴ ɬaŋ³³ laŋ³³ hɣaŋ³³
光滑 smooth bjaːŋ¹³ bwaŋ¹¹ bjaŋ⁵⁴⁵gɔːt⁴² gwaŋ³⁵gɔt³² gwaŋ³³gut²¹ gwaŋ³³ vjaŋ⁴⁴gɑt²² gwan⁴² kwɛ³¹ kʰwɯ⁵³
快 fast sjop⁵⁵ sje⁵⁴ kan⁵⁴⁵ kan⁵⁵ kʰjan³³ tɕep⁴³ tsɔn²⁴ kʰwa²⁴ kwei⁴⁴ kʰwai⁴⁴
宽 wide kwjaŋ⁵² kjaŋ⁵³ gwaŋ⁵⁴⁵ kwaŋ⁵⁵ kwaŋ⁵³ kwaŋ⁵³ kjaŋ²⁴ kwaŋ³⁵ kʰwe³³ kjaŋ³⁵
稀 thin, diluted (liquid) sa³³ sa³³ tθa³¹ θa¹³ θa³³ ɕa³³ ha⁴⁴ lɔ³¹ sa³³ ɕa³³
苦 bitter iːm³³ iŋ³³ im³⁵ im³⁵ im³³ im³³ jɛm⁴⁴ in³³ iŋ³³ iŋ³³
圆 round tɕun³¹ guŋ³¹ tlun³³ klun³³ kjun³¹ klun³¹ vin⁵³ klin³¹ kleŋ⁵⁵ kɣəŋ⁵³
远 far ku³³ ku³³ ko³⁵ ku³⁵ ku³³ ko³³ kɔu⁴⁴ ku³³ ku³³ ku³³
黑 black tɕe⁵⁵ kje⁵⁴ kja²⁴ kja³⁵ kja⁵⁴ kje⁴³ kjɛ⁴⁴ kja⁵³ klja³⁵ kɣa⁵⁵
厚 thick (width) hu²³¹ u²³² hu³² hu³¹ hu¹²¹ ho²¹³ hu⁴⁴ hau⁴² hɔu³¹ həu⁴³³
红 red si⁵⁵ sei⁵⁴ tθi³¹ θi¹² θi⁵⁴ ɕi⁴³ sjɛ⁴⁴ kɔŋ³¹; ɕi⁵³ hɔŋ⁵⁵ hɔŋ⁵³
好(吃) delicious kʰu³¹ kʰu⁵³ kui⁴³ kʰui⁵⁵ ku¹²¹ ko²¹³ kɔm⁴⁴ ka⁴² kʰu³³ kʰu⁵³
好(人) good (person) loŋ²⁴ noŋ³⁵ gɔŋ⁴⁴ gɔŋ³³⁵ ðəŋ³⁵ gwəŋ³⁵ dzɔŋ⁴² lɔŋ²⁴ lɔŋ⁴⁴ ɣɔŋ⁴⁴
(水)浑 muddy (water) dʑu¹² gu²¹ dlɔ²² glɔ³² gju²¹ glo³² nɔu⁴⁴ nɔ⁵³ nɔ³⁵ kʰɣɔ⁵³
黄 yellow wjaŋ³¹ wjaŋ³¹ waŋ³³ vaŋ³³ vaŋ³¹ waŋ³¹ vjaŋ⁵³ waŋ³¹ vuŋ⁵⁵ jaŋ⁵³
荒(地) fallow (land) hwaːŋ³³ hwaŋ³³ gjaŋ⁴⁴ bu³¹ hwaŋ³³ ɕe³⁵ fjaŋ⁴⁴ gwaŋ³³ fɔŋ³³
(路)滑 slippery (road) bjaːŋ¹³ bwaŋ¹¹ gɔːt⁴² gət³² gwət²¹ gut³² gut²² gwan⁴² kwɛ³¹ kʰwɯ⁵³
灰色 gray bwo⁵² bwə⁵³ bu⁴³ bu⁴² hwei²² bu³¹ hɔŋ²⁴ bau³⁵ ɕi³⁵ pʰəu³⁵

Numerals

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
一 one jet¹² ji²³; i²¹ a³³ a³³ no³⁵ jit⁴³ a⁴⁴ i³³ i³⁵ i³³
二 two i³³ i³³ i³⁵ i³⁵ i³³ vi³³ vi⁴² wəi³³ vi³³ wei³³
三 three pwo³³ pwə³³ po³⁵ ʔpu³⁵ pu³³ pu³³ bu⁴² pau³³ vɔu³³ pəu³³
四 four pjei³³ pei³³ pjei³⁵ ʔpjɛi³⁵ plei³³ pje³³ pɛi⁴² pləi³³ pli³³ pɣɯi³³
五 five pja³³ pa³³ pja³⁵ ʔpja³⁵ pla³³ pla³³ pjɛ⁴² pla³³ pla³³ pɣa³³
六 six tɕu⁵⁵ ku⁵³ kjɔ²⁴ kjɔ³⁵ kju⁵⁴ kwo⁴³ tɔu⁴⁴ klɔ⁵³ klɔ³⁵ pɣɔ⁵⁵
七 seven sje¹³ sje¹¹ ȵi²² ȵi³² ŋi²² ȵi¹¹ ȵi²² ni⁴² ŋi¹³ ɕi³¹
八 eight ɕet¹² hje²¹ jɛt²¹ jɛːt³² jat²¹ jat³² dzat²² hjɛn⁴² jæ²² hjɯ⁵³
九 nine dwo³¹ dwə³¹ du³³ du³³ du³¹ du³¹ ku⁵³ iu³¹ tɕu⁵⁵ du⁵³
十 ten tsjop¹² tsje²¹ sap²¹ ɕap³² sjəp²¹ ɕep³² sjɛp²² ȶʰan⁴² tɕæ²² tɕʰwa⁵³
一百 one hundred jet¹²pɛ⁵⁵ ji³¹pɛ⁵⁴ a³³pɛ³⁵ a³³ʔpɛ³⁵ i³¹pe⁵⁴ jet⁴³pɛ⁴³ a⁴⁴ba⁴⁴ i³³pɛ⁵³ i³⁵ba³⁵ i³³pje⁵⁵
一千 one thousand jet¹²tsʰin³³ ji³¹tsʰiŋ³³ a³³tin³¹ a³³tʰin¹³ i³¹θin³³ jet⁴³θin³³ a⁴⁴hun⁴⁴ i³³tɕʰɛn³³ i³⁵tsʰjen³³ i³³tsʰin³³
一万 ten thousand jet¹²waːn¹³ ji³¹waŋ¹¹ a³³maːn²² a³³maːn³² i³¹vam²² jet⁴³maːn¹¹ a⁴⁴van²² i³³wən⁴² i³⁵veŋ¹³ i³³wan³¹

Pronouns

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
我 I je³³ je³³ ja³⁵ ja³⁵ ja³³ ja³³ tsjɛ⁴⁴ kəu³⁵ kɔ²² ku⁵⁵
你 you (sg.) mwei³¹ mwei³¹ mei³³ mɛi³³ mui³¹ mwei³¹ mui⁵³ məi³¹ ȵɔ³⁵ mi⁵³
他 he nen³¹ nei³¹; nəŋ³¹ nan³³ nan³³ nən³¹ nan³¹ vɛi⁴⁴ nin³¹ dɛ³⁵ ti⁵⁵
我们 we je³³bwo³³ je³³bwə³³ bu³⁵ bu³⁵ ja³³bu³³ ja³³lɔi²¹³ bu⁴⁴ ȶa³⁵ kɔ²²va³⁵ ku⁵⁵pu³³
你们 you (pl.) mwei³¹bwo³³ mwei³¹bwə³³ ȵou³³ ȵɔu³³ mui³¹bu³³ mwei³¹lɔi²¹³ ȵiu²⁴ ȡa³⁵ ȵɔ³⁵va³³ mi⁵³pu³³
他们 they nen³¹bwo³³ nei³¹bwə³³ nan³³tθi³⁵ nan³³θɛ³⁵ nən³¹bu³³ nan³¹lɔi²¹³ vɛi⁴⁴dui²⁴ a³³tau³¹ dɛ³⁵va⁵³ ti⁵⁵pu³³

Function words

Chinese gloss English meaning Guangdian Mien (Jiangdi) Xiangnan Mien (Miaoziyuan) Diangui Kim Mun (Liangzi) Fanghai Kim Mun (Tansan) Changping Mien Luoxiang Mien Daping Dzao Min Dongshan Biao Min Shikou Biao Min Niuweizhai Biao Min
这 this naːi⁵² na⁵³ nei⁵⁴⁵ nɛi⁴² ni³¹ nei⁵³ na²⁴ na³⁵ ŋ̩³⁵ m̩⁵⁵
那 that wo⁵² wo⁵³ wa⁵⁴⁵ va⁵⁵ u⁵³ wa⁵³ vɛi⁴² wə³⁵ a³⁵ ha³¹
这里 here naːi⁵²dau³³ na⁵³dau³³ nei⁵⁴⁵ti⁴⁴ nɛi⁴² ni³¹gəŋ³⁵ nei⁵³tei³⁵ na²⁴naŋ⁵³ na³⁵hjɛn⁴² ŋ̩³⁵nɛ³³ m̩⁵⁵mɔ³³
那里 there wo⁵²dau³³ wo⁵³dau³³ wa⁵⁴⁵ti⁴⁴ va⁵⁵ u⁵³gəŋ³⁵ wa⁵³tei⁵⁵ vɛi⁴²naŋ⁵³ wə³⁵hjɛn⁴² a³⁵dɛ³³ ha³¹pɔ³⁵
怎样 how haːi²⁴ȵuŋ¹³ tsəu³⁵dzwəŋ⁵³ saŋ³³lai⁴⁴ aŋ²²laːi a³³laːi³⁵joŋ²² taŋ⁵⁵ŋaːi⁵⁵tei⁵⁵ ha²²ni²² hai²⁴jɛn⁴² tsa⁴⁴jɔŋ¹³ hei⁵³jɯ³¹
什么 what ke²⁴ȵou³³ hɛŋ³⁵nai⁵³ lai³¹huŋ⁴³ nɛn¹³tʰɔu³¹ kɔ³¹dzjen⁵⁵ tɕwai⁵⁵ si⁵³ni⁴⁴ di²⁴dəi³¹ tʰjɔ³³su³³ hei⁵³jɯ³¹
谁 who haːi²⁴tau³¹ ha³⁵tau³¹ man³¹ maːn¹³ ka³¹naːn¹²¹ ai⁵⁵tau³¹ si⁵³min⁵³ ha²⁴tau³¹ le³¹lən⁵⁵ ha⁴³³la⁵³
哪个 which haːi²⁴tau³¹ ha³⁵tau³¹ lai³¹tau³³ lɛi³³ʔtau³³ ka³¹naːn¹²¹ ai⁵⁵tau³¹ si⁵³puŋ²²na⁴⁴ ha²⁴tau³¹ le³¹lən⁵⁵ ha⁴³³la⁵³
都 all (adverb) sjaŋ²⁴ tu³³ lɔ⁴⁴ lɔ³³⁵ tu³³ tu⁵³ su⁵³ tʰuŋ³³ hɔŋ³³ tu³³
刚才 just now ŋan³¹tɕaŋ³³ tsʰiŋ³⁵ ȡaŋ⁵⁴⁵ ɕaŋ⁴² bə³¹na³¹ ŋaːm⁵³ŋaːm⁵³ nu⁴⁴tsaŋ⁴² ŋa⁴²tɕaŋ⁵³ tɕen³³ tɕɯŋ³⁵tɕɯŋ³³
不 no n̩²⁴ ŋ̩⁵³ ma³⁵ ma³⁵ na⁵³ m̩³⁵ ŋ̩⁵³ n̩²⁴ ŋ̩³⁵ mei⁵³
没有 not have maːi⁵² ma³⁵naːi³³ ma³⁵naːi³³ na⁵³maːi³¹ m̩³⁵maːi⁵³ ŋ̩⁵³nɔu⁴⁴ ɬa⁴² ma¹³ mei⁵³nu⁵⁵
还 yet tsʰo¹³ ha³¹ ɛŋ⁴⁴ ŋ̩³³⁵ hwan³¹ tɕuŋ¹¹ su⁵³ wɛ⁴² ha³³ hai³¹
很 very hai²⁴ hɛn³³ jɔŋ¹³ hən⁵³ hou³⁵ hɛŋ²² hən⁵³ ple⁴⁴ ɕɯ⁵³
就 emphatic tsjou¹³ tsjəu¹¹ bi⁴⁴ ɕuŋ³² tsjəu²² tou¹¹ sɛ⁴⁴ tʰjau³³ tsjɔu³¹ tə³¹
再 again ɛːŋ²⁴ ɛŋ³⁵ tθaːi²¹² ŋ̩³³⁵ eŋ³⁵ tɕuŋ¹¹ sjam²² tsʰɛ²⁴ tsai¹³ tsje³³
又 also ju¹³ jəu¹¹ jou²² jɔu³² jəu²² jeu¹¹ dzau²⁴ ja⁴² tse³³ jəu³¹
最 most tsuːi²⁴ tsui³⁵ dai²² ȶi³⁵ tsei³⁵ θui³⁵ tsi⁵³ tsui²⁴ tse⁴⁴ tau³¹
和 and tsʰin³³ tsʰau³⁵ kɔn⁵⁴⁵ kan⁵⁵ taŋ²² taŋ¹¹ ka⁴⁴ kiŋ³³ ən³³ ka⁵⁵

See also

References

  • Mao Zongwu . 2004. A study of Mien dialects . Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House .
Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
Sino-Tibetan

p-Tibeto-Burman • Old Chinese (basic) • p-Southern Min • Macro-Bai • p-Tujia • p-Naish • p-Ersuic • Guiqiong • Horpa • p-Lolo-Burmese • p-Lalo • Lalo • Akha • Woni • Axi • Nesu • Yi (Mihei) • Kathu • Gong • p-Karenic • p-Luish • p-Bodo-Garo • Kuki-Chin • Suansu • Jejara • Mru • p-W. Tibetan • Tibetan (Lajiao) • Amdo Tibetan • Zakhring • Tshangla • Kho-Bwa • Mey • p-Puroik • p-Hrusish • Koro • Greater Siangic • Raji-Raute • Dhimalish • Baram-Thangmi • Bhujel • p-Kham • Dura • Bunan • (Nepal)

Austroasiatic

p-Austroasiatic (Swadesh) • p-Munda • p-Khasian • p-Palaungic • Quang Lam • p-Khmuic • p-Pakanic • p-Vietic • p-Katuic • p-Bahnaric • p-Pearic • p-Khmeric • p-Monic • p-Aslian • p-Nicobarese

Hmong-Mien

p-Hmong-Mien • Hmong-Mien • p-Hmongic • Pa-Hng • Xong • Pana • She • p-Mienic • Mienic • Mien (Gongcheng) • Biao Min (Shikou)

Kra-Dai

p-Kra-Dai • p-Kra • Laha • Qabiao • Gelao • p-Kam-Sui • Kam-Sui (Hunan) • p-Lakkia • Biao • p-Tai • Zhuang (Tiandeng) • Bouyei • p-Be • Jizhao • p-Hlai • Jiamao

Austronesian

p-Austronesian

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