Template:sw-conj

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Conjugation of {{{title}}}
Positive present {{{pres_p}}}
Subjunctive {{{subj}}}
Negative {{{neg}}}
Imperative singular {{{imp_s}}}
Infinitives
Positive {{{inf}}}
Negative {{{inf_n}}}
Imperatives
Singular {{{imp_s}}}
Plural {{{imp_p}}}
Tensed forms
Habitual {{{hab}}}
Positive past positive subject concord + {{{past_p}}}
Negative past negative subject concord + {{{past_n}}}
Positive present (positive subject concord + {{{pres_p}}})
Singular Plural
1st person {{{pres_p_1s}}} {{{pres_p_1p}}}
2nd person {{{pres_p_2s}}} {{{pres_p_2p}}}
3rd person m-wa(I/II) {{{pres_p_3s}}} {{{pres_p_3p}}}
other classes positive subject concord + {{{pres_p}}}
Negative present (negative subject concord + {{{neg}}})
Singular Plural
1st person {{{pres_n_1s}}} {{{pres_n_1p}}}
2nd person {{{pres_n_2s}}} {{{pres_n_2p}}}
3rd person m-wa(I/II) {{{pres_n_3s}}} {{{pres_n_3p}}}
other classes negative subject concord + {{{neg}}}
Positive future positive subject concord + {{{fut_p}}}
Negative future negative subject concord + {{{fut_n}}}
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + {{{subj}}})
Singular Plural
1st person {{{subj_p_1s}}} {{{subj_p_1p}}}
2nd person {{{subj_p_2s}}} {{{subj_p_2p}}}
3rd person m-wa(I/II) {{{subj_p_3s}}} {{{subj_p_3p}}}
other classes positive subject concord + {{{subj}}}
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + {{{subj_n}}}
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + {{{cond_pres_p}}}
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + {{{cond_pres_n}}}
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + {{{cond_past_p}}}
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + {{{cond_past_n}}}
Gnomic (positive subject concord + {{{gnom}}})
Singular Plural
1st person {{{gnom_1s}}} {{{gnom_1p}}}
2nd person {{{gnom_2s}}} {{{gnom_2p}}}
3rd person m-wa(I/II) {{{gnom_3s}}} {{{gnom_3p}}}
m-mi(III/IV) {{{gnom_3c}}} {{{gnom_4c}}}
ji-ma(V/VI) {{{gnom_5c}}} {{{gnom_6c}}}
ki-vi(VII/VIII) {{{gnom_7c}}} {{{gnom_8c}}}
n(IX/X) {{{gnom_9c}}} {{{gnom_10c}}}
u(XI) {{{gnom_11c}}} see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) {{{gnom_15c}}}
pa(XVI) {{{gnom_16c}}}
mu(XVIII) {{{gnom_18c}}}
Perfect positive subject concord + {{{perf}}}
"Already" positive subject concord + {{{alr}}}
"Not yet" negative subject concord + {{{ny}}}
"If/When" positive subject concord + {{{ifw}}}
"If not" positive subject concord + {{{ifn}}}
Consecutive {{{tele}}} / positive subject concord + {{{cons_i}}}
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + {{{cons_s}}}
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person {{{obj_1s_ip}}} {{{obj_1p_ip}}}
2nd person {{{obj_2s_ip}}} {{{obj_2p_ip}}}
3rd person m-wa(I/II) {{{obj_3s_ip}}} {{{obj_3p_ip}}}
m-mi(III/IV) {{{obj_3c_ip}}} {{{obj_4c_ip}}}
ji-ma(V/VI) {{{obj_5c_ip}}} {{{obj_6c_ip}}}
ki-vi(VII/VIII) {{{obj_7c_ip}}} {{{obj_8c_ip}}}
n(IX/X) {{{obj_9c_ip}}} {{{obj_10c_ip}}}
u(XI) {{{obj_11c_ip}}} see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) {{{obj_15c_ip}}}
pa(XVI) {{{obj_16c_ip}}}
mu(XVIII) {{{obj_18c_ip}}}
Reflexive {{{obj_refl_ip}}}
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -{{{ip}}}- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) {{{oref_gen_1c}}} {{{oref_gen_2c}}}
m-mi(III/IV) {{{oref_gen_3c}}} {{{oref_gen_4c}}}
ji-ma(V/VI) {{{oref_gen_5c}}} {{{oref_gen_6c}}}
ki-vi(VII/VIII) {{{oref_gen_7c}}} {{{oref_gen_8c}}}
n(IX/X) {{{oref_gen_9c}}} {{{oref_gen_10c}}}
u(XI) {{{oref_gen_11c}}} see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) {{{oref_gen_15c}}}
pa(XVI) {{{oref_gen_16c}}}
mu(XVIII) {{{oref_gen_18c}}}
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -{{{oref_other_stem}}})
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) {{{oref_other_1c}}} {{{oref_other_2c}}}
m-mi(III/IV) {{{oref_other_3c}}} {{{oref_other_4c}}}
ji-ma(V/VI) {{{oref_other_5c}}} {{{oref_other_6c}}}
ki-vi(VII/VIII) {{{oref_other_7c}}} {{{oref_other_8c}}}
n(IX/X) {{{oref_other_9c}}} {{{oref_other_10c}}}
u(XI) {{{oref_other_11c}}} see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) {{{oref_other_15c}}}
pa(XVI) {{{oref_other_16c}}}
mu(XVIII) {{{oref_other_18c}}}
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

For the documentation subpage, see Template:sw-conj/documentation.

The following documentation is located at Template:sw-conj/documentation.
Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox (diff)

This template is powered by Module:sw-conj and generates a conjugation table for Swahili verbs. Most verbs can use the template with no alteration; however, some parameters exist:

Optional parameters

  • |1=: Give the verb stem if it does not match the pagetitle.
  • |intr=: Specifies the verb is intransitive. This is not necessary for -wa or its locatives.

Example usage

Conjugation of -pa (obligatory object concord)
Subjunctive -pe
Negative -pi
Object concord
Indicative positive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipa -tupa
2nd person -kupa -wapa/-kupeni/-wapeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpa -wapa
other classes —
Reflexive -jipa
Subjunctive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipe -tupe
2nd person -kupe -wape
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpe -wape
other classes —
Reflexive -jipe
Indicative negative
Singular Plural
1st person -nipi -tupi
2nd person -kupi -wapi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpi -wapi
other classes —
Reflexive -jipi
Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -pa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -paye -pao
m-mi(III/IV) -pao -payo
ji-ma(V/VI) -palo -payo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pacho -pavyo
n(IX/X) -payo -pazo
u(XI) -pao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pako
pa(XVI) -papo
mu(XVIII) -pamo
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -ambia (obligatory object concord)
Subjunctive -ambie
Negative -ambii
Object concord
Indicative positive
Singular Plural
1st person -niambia -tuambia
2nd person -kuambia -waambia/-kuambieni/-waambieni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwambia -waambia
other classes —
Reflexive -jiambia
Subjunctive
Singular Plural
1st person -niambie -tuambie
2nd person -kuambie -waambie
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwambie -waambie
other classes —
Reflexive -jiambie
Indicative negative
Singular Plural
1st person -niambii -tuambii
2nd person -kuambii -waambii
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwambii -waambii
other classes —
Reflexive -jiambii
Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -ambia- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -ambiaye -ambiao
m-mi(III/IV) -ambiao -ambiayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -ambialo -ambiayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -ambiacho -ambiavyo
n(IX/X) -ambiayo -ambiazo
u(XI) -ambiao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -ambiako
pa(XVI) -ambiapo
mu(XVIII) -ambiamo
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -ona
Positive present -naona
Subjunctive -one
Negative -oni
Imperative singular ona
Infinitives
Positive kuona
Negative kutoona
Imperatives
Singular ona
Plural oneni
Tensed forms
Habitual huona
Positive past positive subject concord + -liona
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naona)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaona/naona tunaona
2nd person unaona mnaona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaona wanaona
other classes positive subject concord + -naona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -oni)
Singular Plural
1st person sioni hatuoni
2nd person huoni hamwoni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haoni hawaoni
other classes negative subject concord + -oni
Positive future positive subject concord + -taona
Negative future negative subject concord + -taona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -one)
Singular Plural
1st person nione tuone
2nd person uone mwone
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aone waone
other classes positive subject concord + -one
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sione
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeona
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeona
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliona
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aona)
Singular Plural
1st person naona twaona
2nd person waona mwaona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aona waona
m-mi(III/IV) waona yaona
ji-ma(V/VI) laona yaona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaona vyaona
n(IX/X) yaona zaona
u(XI) waona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaona
pa(XVI) paona
mu(XVIII) mwaona
Perfect positive subject concord + -meona
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaona
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaona
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiona
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoona
Consecutive kaona / positive subject concord + -kaona
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaone
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -niona -tuona
2nd person -kuona -waona/-kuoneni/-waoneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwona -waona
m-mi(III/IV) -uona -iona
ji-ma(V/VI) -liona -yaona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiona -viona
n(IX/X) -iona -ziona
u(XI) -uona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuona
pa(XVI) -paona
mu(XVIII) -muona
Reflexive -jiona
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ona- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -onaye -onao
m-mi(III/IV) -onao -onayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -onalo -onayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -onacho -onavyo
n(IX/X) -onayo -onazo
u(XI) -onao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -onako
pa(XVI) -onapo
mu(XVIII) -onamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ona)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeona -oona
m-mi(III/IV) -oona -yoona
ji-ma(V/VI) -loona -yoona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choona -vyoona
n(IX/X) -yoona -zoona
u(XI) -oona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koona
pa(XVI) -poona
mu(XVIII) -moona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -jaribu
Positive present -najaribu
Subjunctive -jaribu
Negative -jaribu
Imperative singular jaribu
Infinitives
Positive kujaribu
Negative kutojaribu
Imperatives
Singular jaribu
Plural jaribuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hujaribu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lijaribu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kujaribu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -najaribu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninajaribu/najaribu tunajaribu
2nd person unajaribu mnajaribu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anajaribu wanajaribu
other classes positive subject concord + -najaribu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -jaribu)
Singular Plural
1st person sijaribu hatujaribu
2nd person hujaribu hamjaribu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hajaribu hawajaribu
other classes negative subject concord + -jaribu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tajaribu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tajaribu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jaribu)
Singular Plural
1st person nijaribu tujaribu
2nd person ujaribu mjaribu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ajaribu wajaribu
other classes positive subject concord + -jaribu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sijaribu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngejaribu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singejaribu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalijaribu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalijaribu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajaribu)
Singular Plural
1st person najaribu twajaribu
2nd person wajaribu mwajaribu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ajaribu wajaribu
m-mi(III/IV) wajaribu yajaribu
ji-ma(V/VI) lajaribu yajaribu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chajaribu vyajaribu
n(IX/X) yajaribu zajaribu
u(XI) wajaribu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwajaribu
pa(XVI) pajaribu
mu(XVIII) mwajaribu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mejaribu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshajaribu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jajaribu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kijaribu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipojaribu
Consecutive kajaribu / positive subject concord + -kajaribu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kajaribu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nijaribu -tujaribu
2nd person -kujaribu -wajaribu/-kujaribuni/-wajaribuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mjaribu -wajaribu
m-mi(III/IV) -ujaribu -ijaribu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lijaribu -yajaribu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kijaribu -vijaribu
n(IX/X) -ijaribu -zijaribu
u(XI) -ujaribu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kujaribu
pa(XVI) -pajaribu
mu(XVIII) -mujaribu
Reflexive -jijaribu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jaribu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -jaribuye -jaribuo
m-mi(III/IV) -jaribuo -jaribuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -jaribulo -jaribuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -jaribucho -jaribuvyo
n(IX/X) -jaribuyo -jaribuzo
u(XI) -jaribuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -jaribuko
pa(XVI) -jaribupo
mu(XVIII) -jaribumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jaribu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yejaribu -ojaribu
m-mi(III/IV) -ojaribu -yojaribu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lojaribu -yojaribu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chojaribu -vyojaribu
n(IX/X) -yojaribu -zojaribu
u(XI) -ojaribu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kojaribu
pa(XVI) -pojaribu
mu(XVIII) -mojaribu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -lala
Positive present -nalala
Subjunctive -lale
Negative -lali
Imperative singular lala
Infinitives
Positive kulala
Negative kutolala
Imperatives
Singular lala
Plural laleni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulala
Positive past positive subject concord + -lilala
Negative past negative subject concord + -kulala
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalala)
Singular Plural
1st person ninalala/nalala tunalala
2nd person unalala mnalala
3rd person m-wa(I/II) analala wanalala
other classes positive subject concord + -nalala
Negative present (negative subject concord + -lali)
Singular Plural
1st person silali hatulali
2nd person hulali hamlali
3rd person m-wa(I/II) halali hawalali
other classes negative subject concord + -lali
Positive future positive subject concord + -talala
Negative future negative subject concord + -talala
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lale)
Singular Plural
1st person nilale tulale
2nd person ulale mlale
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alale walale
other classes positive subject concord + -lale
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silale
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelala
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelala
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilala
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilala
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alala)
Singular Plural
1st person nalala twalala
2nd person walala mwalala
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alala walala
m-mi(III/IV) walala yalala
ji-ma(V/VI) lalala yalala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalala vyalala
n(IX/X) yalala zalala
u(XI) walala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwalala
pa(XVI) palala
mu(XVIII) mwalala
Perfect positive subject concord + -melala
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshalala
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalala
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kilala
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipolala
Consecutive kalala / positive subject concord + -kalala
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalale
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -lala- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -lalaye -lalao
m-mi(III/IV) -lalao -lalayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lalalo -lalayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lalacho -lalavyo
n(IX/X) -lalayo -lalazo
u(XI) -lalao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -lalako
pa(XVI) -lalapo
mu(XVIII) -lalamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -lala)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yelala -olala
m-mi(III/IV) -olala -yolala
ji-ma(V/VI) -lolala -yolala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholala -vyolala
n(IX/X) -yolala -zolala
u(XI) -olala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kolala
pa(XVI) -polala
mu(XVIII) -molala
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -la
Positive present -nakula
Subjunctive -le
Negative -li
Imperative singular kula
Infinitives
Positive kula
Negative kutokula
Imperatives
Singular kula
Plural kuleni
Tensed forms
Habitual hula
Positive past positive subject concord + -likula
Negative past negative subject concord + -kula
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakula)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakula/nakula tunakula
2nd person unakula mnakula
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakula wanakula
other classes positive subject concord + -nakula
Negative present (negative subject concord + -li)
Singular Plural
1st person sili hatuli
2nd person huli hamli
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hali hawali
other classes negative subject concord + -li
Positive future positive subject concord + -takula
Negative future negative subject concord + -takula
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -le)
Singular Plural
1st person nile tule
2nd person ule mle
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ale wale
other classes positive subject concord + -le
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sile
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekula
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekula
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikula
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikula
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ala)
Singular Plural
1st person nala twala
2nd person wala mwala
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ala wala
m-mi(III/IV) wala yala
ji-ma(V/VI) lala yala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chala vyala
n(IX/X) yala zala
u(XI) wala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwala
pa(XVI) pala
mu(XVIII) mwala
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekula
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakula
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jala
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kila
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokula
Consecutive kala / positive subject concord + -kala
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kale
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nila -tula
2nd person -kula -wala/-kuleni/-waleni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mla -wala
m-mi(III/IV) -ula -ila
ji-ma(V/VI) -lila -yala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kila -vila
n(IX/X) -ila -zila
u(XI) -ula see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kula
pa(XVI) -pala
mu(XVIII) -mula
Reflexive -jila
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -la- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -laye -lao
m-mi(III/IV) -lao -layo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lalo -layo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lacho -lavyo
n(IX/X) -layo -lazo
u(XI) -lao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -lako
pa(XVI) -lapo
mu(XVIII) -lamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kula)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekula -okula
m-mi(III/IV) -okula -yokula
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokula -yokula
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokula -vyokula
n(IX/X) -yokula -zokula
u(XI) -okula see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokula
pa(XVI) -pokula
mu(XVIII) -mokula
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -ja
Positive present -nakuja
Subjunctive -je
Negative -ji
Imperative singular njoo
Infinitives
Positive kuja
Negative kutokuja
Imperatives
Singular njoo
Plural njooni
Tensed forms
Habitual huja
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuja
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuja
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuja)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuja/nakuja tunakuja
2nd person unakuja mnakuja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuja wanakuja
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuja
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ji)
Singular Plural
1st person siji hatuji
2nd person huji hamji
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haji hawaji
other classes negative subject concord + -ji
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuja
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuja
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -je)
Singular Plural
1st person nije tuje
2nd person uje mje
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aje waje
other classes positive subject concord + -je
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sije
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuja
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuja
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuja
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuja
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aja)
Singular Plural
1st person naja twaja
2nd person waja mwaja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aja waja
m-mi(III/IV) waja yaja
ji-ma(V/VI) laja yaja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaja vyaja
n(IX/X) yaja zaja
u(XI) waja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaja
pa(XVI) paja
mu(XVIII) mwaja
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuja
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuja
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaja
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kija
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuja
Consecutive kaja / positive subject concord + -kaja
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaje
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -ja- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -jaye -jao
m-mi(III/IV) -jao -jayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -jalo -jayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -jacho -javyo
n(IX/X) -jayo -jazo
u(XI) -jao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -jako
pa(XVI) -japo
mu(XVIII) -jamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kuja)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuja -okuja
m-mi(III/IV) -okuja -yokuja
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuja -yokuja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuja -vyokuja
n(IX/X) -yokuja -zokuja
u(XI) -okuja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuja
pa(XVI) -pokuja
mu(XVIII) -mokuja
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -enda
Positive present -nakwenda
Subjunctive -ende
Negative -endi
Imperative singular nenda
Infinitives
Positive kwenda
Negative kutokwenda
Imperatives
Singular nenda
Plural nendeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huenda
Positive past positive subject concord + -likwenda
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuenda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwenda)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakwenda/nakwenda tunakwenda
2nd person unakwenda mnakwenda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakwenda wanakwenda
other classes positive subject concord + -nakwenda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -endi)
Singular Plural
1st person siendi hatuendi
2nd person huendi hamwendi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haendi hawaendi
other classes negative subject concord + -endi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takwenda
Negative future negative subject concord + -takwenda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ende)
Singular Plural
1st person niende twende/tuende
2nd person uende mwende
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aende waende
other classes positive subject concord + -ende
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siende
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekwenda
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekwenda
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikwenda
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikwenda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aenda)
Singular Plural
1st person naenda twaenda
2nd person waenda mwaenda
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aenda waenda
m-mi(III/IV) waenda yaenda
ji-ma(V/VI) laenda yaenda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaenda vyaenda
n(IX/X) yaenda zaenda
u(XI) waenda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaenda
pa(XVI) paenda
mu(XVIII) mwaenda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekwenda
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakwenda
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaenda
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kienda
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokwenda
Consecutive kaenda / positive subject concord + -kaenda
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaende
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -enda- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -endaye -endao
m-mi(III/IV) -endao -endayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -endalo -endayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -endacho -endavyo
n(IX/X) -endayo -endazo
u(XI) -endao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -endako
pa(XVI) -endapo
mu(XVIII) -endamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kwenda)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekwenda -okwenda
m-mi(III/IV) -okwenda -yokwenda
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokwenda -yokwenda
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokwenda -vyokwenda
n(IX/X) -yokwenda -zokwenda
u(XI) -okwenda see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokwenda
pa(XVI) -pokwenda
mu(XVIII) -mokwenda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -wa (irregular)
Positive present -nakuwa
Gnomic ni
Subjunctive -we
Negative si
Imperative singular kuwa
Infinitives
Positive kuwa
Negative kutokuwa
Imperatives
Singular kuwa
Plural kuweni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuwa/nakuwa tunakuwa
2nd person unakuwa mnakuwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuwa wanakuwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuwa
Negative present si
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe tuwe
2nd person uwe muwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe wawe
other classes positive subject concord + -we
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa
Gnomic ni
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa
Consecutive kawa / positive subject concord + -kawa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye -lio
m-mi(III/IV) -lio -liyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo -liyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho -livyo
n(IX/X) -liyo -lizo
u(XI) -lio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko
pa(XVI) -lipo
mu(XVIII) -limo
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye -sio
m-mi(III/IV) -sio -siyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo -siyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho -sivyo
n(IX/X) -siyo -sizo
u(XI) -sio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko
pa(XVI) -sipo
mu(XVIII) -simo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa -okuwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa -yokuwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa -yokuwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa -vyokuwa
n(IX/X) -yokuwa -zokuwa
u(XI) -okuwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa
pa(XVI) -pokuwa
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -wamo (irregular)
Gnomic -mo (irregular)
Subjunctive -wemo
Negative -mo (irregular)
Infinitives
Positive kuwamo
Negative kutokuwamo
Tensed forms
Habitual huwamo/huwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwamo/-likuwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwamo/-kuwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -mo)
Singular Plural
1st person nimo tumo
2nd person umo mmo
3rd person m-wa(I/II) yumo wamo
other classes positive subject concord + -mo
Negative present (negative subject concord + -mo)
Singular Plural
1st person simo hatumo
2nd person humo hammo
3rd person m-wa hayumo hawamo
other classes negative subject concord + -mo
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwamo/-takuwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwamo/-takuwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wemo)
Singular Plural
1st person niwemo tuwemo
2nd person uwemo muwemo
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awemo wawemo
other classes positive subject concord + -wemo
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwemo
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwamo/-ngekuwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwamo/-singekuwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwamo/-ngalikuwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwamo/-singalikuwa
Gnomic see positive present
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwamo/-mekuwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwamo/-meshakuwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawamo/-jawa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwamo/-kiwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwamo/-sipokuwa
Consecutive kawamo/kawa / positive subject concord + -kawamo/-kawa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawemo
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker + -mo)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liyemo -liomo
m-mi(III/IV) -liomo -liyomo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilomo -liyomo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lichomo -livyomo
n(IX/X) -liyomo -lizomo
u(XI) -liomo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker + -mo)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siyemo -siomo
m-mi(III/IV) -siomo -siyomo
ji-ma(V/VI) -silomo -siyomo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sichomo -sivyomo
n(IX/X) -siyomo -sizomo
u(XI) -siomo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwamo/-kuwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwamo/-yekuwa -okuwamo/-okuwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwamo/-okuwa -yokuwamo/-yokuwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwamo/-lokuwa -yokuwamo/-yokuwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwamo/-chokuwa -vyokuwamo/-vyokuwa
n(IX/X) -yokuwamo/-yokuwa -zokuwamo/-zokuwa
u(XI) -okuwamo/-okuwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Conjugation of -wa na (irregular)
Gnomic -na
Subjunctive -we na
Negative -na
Imperative singular kuwa na
Infinitives
Positive kuwa na
Negative kutokuwa na
Imperatives
Singular kuwa na
Plural kuweni na
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa na
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa na
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa na
Positive present (positive subject concord + -na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
1st person nina tuna
2nd person una mna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ana wana
m-mi(III/IV) una ina
ji-ma(V/VI) lina yana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) kina vina
n(IX/X) ina zina
u(XI) una see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kuna
pa(XVI) pana
mu(XVIII) muna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
1st person sina hatuna
2nd person huna hamna
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hana hawana
pa(XVI) hapana
ku(XVII) hakuna
mu(XVIII) hamuna
other classes negative subject concord + -na
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa na
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa na
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we na)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe na tuwe na
2nd person uwe na muwe na
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe na wawe na
pa(XVI) pawe na
ku(XVII) kuwe na
mu(XVIII) muwe na
other classes positive subject concord + -we na
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe na
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa na
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa na
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa na
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa na
Gnomic see positive present
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa na
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa na
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa na
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa na
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa na
Consecutive kawa na / positive subject concord + -kawa na
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe na
Object concord (conjugation of -wa + na- + object concord in relative form)
Singular Plural
1st person nami/na mimi nasi/na sisi
2nd person nawe/na wewe nanyi/na ninyi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) naye/na yeye nao/na wao
m-mi(III/IV) nao nayo
ji-ma(V/VI) nalo nayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) nacho navyo
n(IX/X) nayo nazo
u(XI) nao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) nako
pa(XVI) napo
mu(XVIII) namo
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker + na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye na -lio na
m-mi(III/IV) -lio na -liyo na
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo na -liyo na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho na -livyo na
n(IX/X) -liyo na -lizo na
u(XI) -lio na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko na
pa(XVI) -lipo na
mu(XVIII) -limo na
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker + na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye na -sio na
m-mi(III/IV) -sio na -siyo na
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo na -siyo na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho na -sivyo na
n(IX/X) -siyo na -sizo na
u(XI) -sio na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko na
pa(XVI) -sipo na
mu(XVIII) -simo na
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa na + (object concord))
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa na -okuwa na
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa na -yokuwa na
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa na -yokuwa na
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa na -vyokuwa na
n(IX/X) -yokuwa na -zokuwa na
u(XI) -okuwa na see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa na
pa(XVI) -pokuwa na
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa na
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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