바르다

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1447, 《석보상절》 24:20ㄱ

ᄒᆞᆫ 각시 아ᄎᆞᄆᆡ 粉 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ노라 ᄒᆞ야 거우룰 보거늘

Also attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: polota).

1459, 《월인석보》 18:29ㄴ

香 기르ᄆᆞ로 모매 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ고

Compare dialectal forms 보리다 (borida), 볼라다 (bollada).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to hang paper; to stick paper, cloth or the like with adhesive to a surface

   벽지를 벽에 바르다

   byeokji-reul byeog-e bareuda

   to stick wallpaper on a wall

   한지를 바른 유리창

   hanji-reul bareun yurichang

   a windowpane papered (over) with hanji (traditional Korean paper)

   아이들 방을 예쁜 벽지로 발랐다.

   ai-deul bang-eul yeppeun byeokji-ro ballatda.

   I papered the children's room with pretty wallpaper.

2. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to cover, plaster, cement; to attach to the surface of an object dirt, plaster or some other such substance

   흙을 벽에 바르다

   heulg-eul byeog-e bareuda

   to plaster the wall with dirt

   벽의 구멍을 흙으로 발랐다.

   byeog-ui gumeong-eul heulg-euro ballatda.

   I plastered the hole in the wall with dirt.

3. (…에 …을) to apply, spread, rub, put on; to rub water, paste, medicine, cosmetics, etc. onto a surface

   상처에 약을 바르다

   sangcheo-e yag-eul bareuda

   to paint a wound

   얼굴에 분을 바르다

   eolgur-e bun-eul bareuda

   to powder one's face

   입술에 립스틱을 바르다

   ipsur-e ripseutig-eul bareuda

   to rouge one's lips

   도자기에 유약을 바르다

   dojagi-e yuyag-eul bareuda

   to glaze ceramics

   밤참으로 식빵에 버터를 발라 먹었다.

   bamcham-euro sikppang-e beoteo-reul balla meogeotda.

   I had some buttered bread for a midnight snack.

   머리에 기름을 발랐다.

   meori-e gireum-eul ballatda.

   I greased my hair.

• 붙이다 (buchida)
• 칠하다 (chilhada)
• 묻히다 (muchida)
• 올리다 (ollida)
• 쓰다 (sseuda)
• 입히다 (iphida)
• 찍다 (jjikda)

• 뒤바르다 (dwibareuda)
• (North Korea) 게바르다 (gebareuda)
• (North Korea) 개바르다 (gaebareuda)
• (South Korea) 쥐어바르다 (jwieobareuda)
• (North Korea) 쥐여바르다 (jwiyeobareuda)
• 재장바르다 (jaejangbareuda)
• 덧바르다 (deotbareuda)
• 처바르다 (cheobareuda)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (obsolete) to be hardened; to be solidified
2. (obsolete) to become stiff

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞ리다 (Yale: polita).

1461, 《두시언해》 10:40

치위 ᄉᆞᆯᄒᆞᆯ ᄇᆞ리ᄂᆞᆫ ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞᆫ 北녁 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미 ᄂᆞᆯ캅도다

Compare dialectal form 볼그다 (bolgeuda).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (…을) to peel, flay; to remove the skin, shell, or outer layer of something to get to what is inside

   밤을 바르다

   bam-eul bareuda

   to crack a chestnut

   씨를 바르다

   ssi-reul bareuda

   to remove a seed

2. (…을) to bone, debone; to remove the meat attached to the bone; to remove fishbones

   생선을 발라 먹다

   saengseon-eul balla meokda

   to eat fish after deboning it

   생선 가시를 발라서 버리다

   saengseon gasi-reul ballaseo beorida

   to throw away a fishbone, after deboning a fish

• 발그다 (balgeuda) (North Korea)

• (dialectal) 불바르다 (bulbareuda)

• 버리다 (beorida)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1459, 《월인석보》 서:18ㄱ

直ᄋᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆯ 씨라

Also attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1481, 《능엄경언해》 9:62ㄴ

街ᄂᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆫ 길히오 巷은 구븐 길히라

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. to be straight, upright, erect; without bends or curvature

   길이 바르다.

   gir-i bareuda.

   The road is straight.

   줄을 바르게 서다

   jur-eul bareuge seoda

   to line up straight

   선을 바르게 긋다

   seon-eul bareuge geutda

   to draw a straight line

   옷매무새를 바르게 하다

   onmaemusae-reul bareuge hada

   to adjust one's dress to become straight (without creases)

   의자에 바르게 앉아라

   uija-e bareuge anjara

   to sit in a chair straight

   장롱에 이불을 바르게 개 넣어라.

   jangnong-e ibur-eul bareuge gae neo'eora.

   to fold and put the bed erect in the wardrobe.

2. to be right; to comply with the social norm in one's words or behavior

   예의가 바르다

   yeui-ga bareuda

   to be polite

   생각이 바른 사람

   saenggag-i bareun saram

   a person with right thinking

   마음가짐이 바르다.

   ma'eumgajim-i bareuda.

   His mental attitude is right.

   행실이 바르다.

   haengsir-i bareuda.

   His behavior is right.

   그는 몸가짐을 늘 바르게 한다.

   geu-neun momgajim-eul neul bareuge handa.

   He always behaves properly.

   그는 회사에서 가장 인사성이 바른 사람이다.

   geu-neun hoesa-eseo gajang insaseong-i bareun saram-ida.

   He is the most polite person in the company.

3. to be right, correct, honest, frank; to be consistent with the facts

   역사를 바르게 이해하다.

   yeoksa-reul bareuge ihaehada.

   to understand history correctly

   숨기지 말고 바르게 대답하시오.

   sumgiji malgo bareuge daedaphasio.

   Don't hide (the truth), answer honestly.

4. right (direction)

   바른손 (bareunson, “right hand”)

   • 1999, “국립국어원 [Gungnipgugeowon, The National Institute of The Korean Language]”, in 표준국어대사전 [Pyojun'gugeodaesajeon, Standard Korean Dictionary]:

     정답을 아는 학생은 바른 손을 들어라

     jeongdab-eul aneun haksaeng-eun bareun son-eul deureora

     Raise your right hand if you know the answer.

   바른손잡이 (bareunsonjabi, “right hander”)

   • 2017 May, 박일환, 미친 국어사전 [A Mad Korean Dictionary], PURIWA IPARI, →ISBN:

     바른손을 오른손의 뜻으로 쓰는건 왼손잡이들에 대한 차별을 담은 말이라는 주장이 오래전부터 제기됐다.

     Bareunson-eul oreunson-ui tteus-euro sseuneun'geon oensonjabi-deur-e daehan chabyeor-eul dameun mar-ira-neun jujang-i oraejeon-buteo jegidwaetda.

     It has long been argued that using the right hand as the 'right hand' is a term that includes discrimination against left-handed people.

5. to be sunshiny; to be sunny or bright

   기르던 잉꼬가 죽자 아이들은 양지가 바른 곳에 묻어 주었다.

   gireudeon ingkko-ga jukja ai-deur-eun yangji-ga bareun gos-e mudeo jueotda.

   When the parakeet died, the children buried it in a sunny place.

   (South Korea) 양지바르다 ― yangjibareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine

   (North Korea) 해바르다 ― haebareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine

   볕바르다 (byeotbareuda)

   (dialectal) 벳바르다 (betbareuda)

   (dialectal) 양기바르다 (yanggibareuda)

• (right; proper): 올바르다 (olbareuda) 참되다 (chamdoeda) 정당하다 (jeongdanghada) 진정하다 (jinjeonghada) 옳다 (olta) 올바르다 (olbareuda) 방정하다 (bangjeonghada)
• (straight; upright): 곧다 (gotda) 똑바르다 (ttokbareuda)
• (neat; tidy): 단정하다 (danjeonghada) 깔끔하다 (kkalkkeumhada)

• (antonym(s) of “wrong”): 틀리다 (teullida) 그르다 (geureuda)거짓되다 (geojitdoeda)
• (antonym(s) of “not straight”): 굽다 (gupda)

• 올바르다 (olbareuda)
• 똑바르다 (ttokbareuda)
• 정바르다 (jeongbareuda)
• (North Korea) 통바르다 (tongbareuda)
• (North Korea) 대바르다 (daebareuda)
• (South Korea) 곧바르다 (gotbareuda)
• (North Korea) 직바르다 (jikbareuda)
• 겉바르다 (geotbareuda)
• 예바르다 (yebareuda)
• 면바르다 (myeonbareuda)
• (dialectal) 졸바르다 (jolbareuda)
• (North Korea) 격식바르다 (gyeoksikbareuda)
• 귀바르다 (gwibareuda)
• 아금바르다 (ageumbareuda)
• 엇바르다 (eotbareuda)
• (dialectal) 쪽바르다 (jjokbareuda)

• 정하다 (jeonghada)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (figurative) (…을) to overwhelm an opponent completely; to overpower or defeat an opponent

   난 그를 완전히 발랐어.

   nan geu-reul wanjeonhi ballasseo.

   I totally defeated him.

   우린 저 팀에 완전히 발렸어.

   urin jeo tim-e wanjeonhi ballyeosseo.

   We totally got decimated by that team.

   A: 야, 너랑 쟤랑 싸우면 누가 이겨?
   B: 아~ 내가 그냥 바르지~

   A: ya, neorang jaerang ssaumyeon nuga igyeo?
   B: a~ naega geunyang bareuji~

   A: Hey, can you beat him?
   B: Yeah, for sure.

Derived from sense in etymology 2.

• 이기다 (igida)
• 승리하다 (seungnihada)
• 압도하다 (apdohada)
• 제압하다 (jeaphada)
• 억누르다 (eongnureuda)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. (North Korea) uncommon, insufficient; rarely encountered
   • 1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

     사랑채는 동향으로 앉아서 여름에는 해가 발랐다.

     Sarangchae-neun donghyang-euro anjaseo yeoreum-e-neun hae-ga ballatda.

     Sarangchae sits in the east, and the sun was insufficient in the summer.

Perhaps cognate to etymology 1,2 and 맛바르다 (matbareuda), 적바르다 (jeokbareuda) in etymology 5.

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1. 걸다 (geolda)

   1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

   해에 걸어 검붉은 그 얼굴에는 로력과 창조의 기쁨이 흘렀다.

   Hae-e georeo geombulgeun geu eolgur-e-neun roryeok-gwa changjo-ui gippeum-i heulleotda.

   The face, bronzed by the hot sun, was flowing with joy of effort and creation.

A soft word for 빠르다 (ppareuda).

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

1. fast, takes a short amount of time to do something
2. ahead of the baseline or comparison in a chronological order

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• 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― to be quick in action
• (North Korea) 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― in short supply, poor condition

  1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:

  재바른 살림살이에서 벗어나지 못하다.

  Jaebareun sallimsari-eseo beoseonaji mothada.

  to be unable to escape from the scanty livelihood

• (dialectal) 역바르다 (yeokbareuda)