根

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 根. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 根, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 根 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 根 you have here. The definition of the word 根 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of根, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
根 U+6839, 根
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6839
← 核
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 栺 →

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

根 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木日女 (DAV), four-corner 47932, composition ⿰木艮)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14745
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1208, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6839

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 根

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 根
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艱 *krɯːn
齦 *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼 *ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝 *ɡrɯːn
限 *ɡrɯːnʔ
硍 *ɡrɯːnʔ
豤 *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪 *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根 *kɯːn
跟 *kɯːn
珢 *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮 *kɯːns
茛 *kɯːns
墾 *kʰɯːnʔ
懇 *kʰɯːnʔ
垠 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕 *ɡɯːn
拫 *ɡɯːn
鞎 *ɡɯːn
很 *ɡɯːnʔ
恨 *ɡɯːns
銀 *ŋrɯn
檭 *ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯːn) : semantic 木 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Etymology

Possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *(d)kər (“tree, plant”) (whence Proto-Vietic *kəl > Vietnamese cây, Muong câl), *d₂gəl ~ d₂g(əə)l (“trunk; stump”) (whence Khmer គល់ (kŭəl, “stump; floating log”), Proto-Monic *t(l)gəl (“stump”)).

Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposes a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) with redundant nominalizing suffix *-n. See 荄 for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • gin1 - vernacular;
    • gên1 - literary.
Note:
  • gṳ̆ng - vernacular (“root; descendant; base”);
  • gŏng - literary (“source; basis”).
Note:
  • gyng1 - vernacular;
  • geng1 - literary.
Note:
  • geng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • gêng1 - Jieyang;
  • ging1 - Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 根
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古痕切
Baxter kon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kən/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kən/
Li
Rong 		/kən/
Wang
Li 		/kən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 根
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁə/
English root, trunk

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 根
Reading # 1/1
No. 3920
Phonetic
component 		艮
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		根
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯːn/

Definitions

根

  1. (botany) root (Classifier: 條／条 m)
    樹根／树根  ―  shùgēn  ―  root of a tree
  2. base; basis; foundation
  3. family root; ancestors
    尋根／寻根  ―  xúngēn  ―  to search for one's ancestral roots
  4. (figurative) descendant; offspring
  5. source; origin
  6. (figurative) penis (Classifier: 條／条 m)
  7. (Buddhism) indriya; faculty; spiritual faculty
  8. (arithmetic) root
    均方根  ―  jūnfānggēn  ―  root mean square
  9. (mathematics) solution to an algebraic equation (Classifier: 個／个 m)
  10. (chemistry) radical
  11. (computing) root
    根目錄／根目录  ―  gēn mùlù  ―  root directory
    根分區／根分区  ―  gēn fēnqū  ―  root partition
  12. completely; from the source
  13. Classifier for long, slender objects, such as cigarettes, fingers, candles, ropes, and guitar strings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Synonyms

  • (descendant):
  • (source):
  • (arithmetic root): 方根 (fānggēn)
  • (classifier):
Dialectal synonyms of 根 (“(classifier for pieces of headhair)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 根
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 根
Taiwan 根
Chengde 根兒
Chifeng 根
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 根
Heihe 根
Qiqihar 根
Harbin 根兒
Jiamusi 根兒
Baicheng 根兒
Changchun 根兒
Tonghua 根兒
Shenyang 根兒
Jinzhou 根
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 根兒
Tangshan 根兒
Cangzhou 根
Baoding 根
Shijiazhuang 根
Lijin 根
Jinan 根兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 根兒
Dandong 根
Yantai 根
Qingdao 根兒
Zhucheng 根
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 根兒
Jining 根
Linfen 根
Shangqiu 根
Yuanyang 根
Zhengzhou 根
Xinyang 根
Baihe 根
Xi'an 根
Baoji 根
Tianshui 根
Xining 根
Xuzhou 根
Fuyang 根
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 根
Lanzhou 根
Dunhuang 根
Hami 根
Ürümqi 根
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 根
Nanchong 根
Dazhou 根
Hanyuan 根
Xichang 根
Zigong 根
Chongqing 根
Wuhan 根
Yichang 根
Xiangyang 根
Tianmen 根
Guiyang 根
Zunyi 根
Bijie 根
Liping 根
Zhaotong 根
Dali 根
Kunming 根
Mengzi 根
Guilin 根
Liuzhou 根
Jishou 根
Changde 根
Hanzhong 根
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 根
Yangzhou 根
Lianyungang 根
Nantong 根
Anqing 根
Wuhu 根
Hefei 根
Hong'an 根
Cantonese Hong Kong 條
Huizhou Shexian 根
Jin Taiyuan 根
Yangyuan 根兒
Datong 根
Xinzhou 根
Lüliang (Lishi) 根
Changzhi 根
Linhe 根
Jining 根
Hohhot 根
Erenhot 根
Pingshan 根兒
Zhangjiakou 根兒
Handan 根
Linzhou 根
Suide 根
Southern Min Quanzhou 支
Yongchun 支
Dialectal synonyms of 根 (“(classifier for single chopsticks)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 根, 支
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 根
Taiwan 根
Chengde 根兒
Chifeng 根
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 根
Heihe 根
Qiqihar 根
Harbin 根兒
Jiamusi 根兒
Baicheng 根兒
Changchun 根兒
Tonghua 根兒
Shenyang 根兒
Jinzhou 根
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 根兒
Tangshan 根兒
Cangzhou 根
Baoding 根
Shijiazhuang 根
Lijin 根
Jinan 根兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 根兒
Dandong 根
Yantai 根
Qingdao 根兒
Zhucheng 根
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 根兒
Jining 根
Linfen 根
Shangqiu 根
Yuanyang 根
Baihe 根
Xi'an 根
Baoji 根
Tianshui 根
Xining 根
Xuzhou 根
Fuyang 根
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 根
Lanzhou 根
Dunhuang 根
Hami 根
Ürümqi 根
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 根
Nanchong 根
Dazhou 根
Hanyuan 根
Zigong 根
Chongqing 根
Wuhan 根
Yichang 根
Xiangyang 根
Tianmen 根
Guiyang 根
Zunyi 根
Bijie 支
Liping 根
Zhaotong 根
Dali 根
Kunming 根
Mengzi 根
Guilin 根
Liuzhou 根
Jishou 根
Changde 根
Hanzhong 根
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 根
Lianyungang 根
Lianshui 根
Anqing 根
Hefei 根
Hong'an 根
Cantonese Guangzhou 隻
Hong Kong 支, 隻
Jin Taiyuan 根
Yangyuan 根
Datong 根
Xinzhou 根
Lüliang (Lishi) 根
Changzhi 根
Linhe 根
Jining 根
Hohhot 根
Erenhot 根
Pingshan 根兒
Zhangjiakou 根兒
Handan 根
Linzhou 根
Suide 根
Eastern Min Fuzhou 奇
Southern Min Xiamen 奇
Quanzhou 奇
Yongchun 奇
Zhangzhou 奇
Singapore (Hokkien) 奇
Datian 奇
Jieyang 支
Leizhou 奇
Dialectal synonyms of 根 (“(classifier for needles)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 根
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 根兒, 個
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 根
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 苗, 根兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 根
Wuhan 口, 根
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 根
Hefei 根
Cantonese Guangzhou 眼
Hong Kong 支, 眼
Taishan 眼
Yangjiang 口
Gan Nanchang 根, 管
Hakka Meixian 枚
Jin Taiyuan 根
Northern Min Jian'ou 枚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 條
Southern Min Xiamen 支
Chaozhou 支
Wu Suzhou 隻, 根
Wenzhou 枚
Xiang Changsha 口
Shuangfeng 口
Dialectal synonyms of 支 (“(classifier for cigarettes)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 支
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 根兒, 顆, 支
Taiwan 根
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 顆, 根兒
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 根兒, 支
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 杆
Wuhan 根
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 根, 支
Hefei 根
Cantonese Guangzhou 支
Hong Kong 支, 飛
Yangjiang 支
Gan Nanchang 根
Hakka Meixian 支
Jin Taiyuan 根, 支
Northern Min Jian'ou 支, 筒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 條
Southern Min Xiamen 支, 叢
Tainan 支
Chaozhou 支
Wu Suzhou 根, 支
Wenzhou 支
Xiang Changsha 根
Shuangfeng 根

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

根

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. root
  2. base, foundation

Readings

  • Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ね (ne, 根, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
根
ね
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

根(ね) • (ne) 

  1. a root of a plant
  2. (by extension) the source or root of something
  3. the cause or basis for something
  4. one's nature, the character one has by birth
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
根
こん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 根 (MC kon). First cited in Japanese contexts in the 法華義疏 (Hokke Gisho) dated to 615,[1] a commentary on the Buddhist Lotus Sutra that was written in Classical Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

根(こん) • (kon) 

  1. (Buddhism) the original motive force leading to perception of something by the five senses or by thought
  2. genitals; more commonly, the male genitals
  3. perseverance, patience
    Synonym: 根気 (konki)
  4. (mathematics) a root, such as a square root (calque of English root)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “根”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

根 (eumhun 뿌리 근 (ppuri geun))

  1. hanja form? of 근 (“root; base; stump”)

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji

根

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 根 (ne).

Noun

根(にー) (nī) 

  1. root

Vietnamese

Han character

根: Hán Nôm readings: căn, cằn, cỗi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia