朋友

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Chinese

friend friend
simp. and trad.
(朋友)
Wikipedia has articles on:

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (3) (35)
Final () (129) (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Baxter bong hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bəŋ/ /ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/bəŋ/ /ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/bəŋ/ /ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bəŋ/ /ɦuwX/
Li
Rong
/bəŋ/ /ɣiuX/
Wang
Li
/bəŋ/ /ɣĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/bʱəŋ/ /i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
péng yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
pang4 jau5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
péng yǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ bong › ‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ˁəŋ/ /*ʷəʔ/
English set of cowries; friend friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9663 15596
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*bɯːŋ/ /*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

  1. friend (Classifier: m c;  m c)
    童年朋友  ―  tóngnián de péngyǒu  ―  childhood friend
    結交朋友结交朋友  ―  jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu  ―  to make new friends
    呢個朋友 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个朋友 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 go3 hai6 ngo5 go3 pang4 jau5.
    This is my friend.
    朋友屋企 [Cantonese, trad.]
    朋友屋企 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 m4 zi1 keoi5 pang4 jau5 uk1 kei2 hai2 bin1.
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    曉得朋友屋裡啥地方 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    晓得朋友屋里啥地方 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    6yi 6veq8-shiau5-teq7 6yi 6ban-yeu6 7oq-li6 8laq 5sa-di6-faon1 [Wugniu]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    朋友佗位 [Hokkien, trad.]
    朋友佗位 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I m̄ chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    朋友底塊 [Teochew, trad.]
    朋友底块 [Teochew, simp.]
    i1 m6 zai1 pêng5 iu2 gai5 lai6 do6 di7 go3. [Peng'im]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    近況斷續朋友耳畔 [MSC, trad.]
    近况断续朋友耳畔 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn.
    Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.
    真的只是普通朋友 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu.
    She and I are really just friends.
    世界可悲事情莫過於喜歡朋友 [MSC, trad.]
    世界可悲事情莫过于喜欢朋友 [MSC, simp.]
    Shìjiè shàng zuì kěbēi de shìqíng, mòguòyú nǐ xǐhuān tā, tā què zhǐ bǎ nǐ dāng péngyǒu.
    The saddest thing in the world is liking someone but they only see you as a friend.
    1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Term of address to a South Asian person.
  2. (euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner
Synonyms
  • (friend):
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of friend):
Hyponyms
  • (friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)
Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Pronunciation 2


Noun

朋友

  1. (archaic) large number of retainers
  2. (archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students
Synonyms
  • (large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朋友):

Others:

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ほう
Jinmeiyō
ゆう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/hoː iu//hoːjiu//hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bong hjuwX).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ほう)(ゆう) (hōyūほういう (fouiu)?
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, rōmaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

  1. (uncommon) a friend
    Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)
    Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)
Derived terms
Proverbs

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ぽん
Jinmeiyō
ゆう
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
ポンユー
ポン友

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

朋友(ポンユー) (pon'yū

  1. (slang, dated) a friend

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

朋友

  1. chữ Hán form of bằng hữu (friend).