新

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• In mainland China, the bottom left component is written 朩, giving 新.
• In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the bottom left component is written 𣎳, giving 新.
• In Japan and Korea, the bottom left component is written 木, giving 新.

Han character

新 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 0292₁, composition ⿰亲斤)

Derived characters

• 𫣩, 噺, 𭢭, 澵, 𬎖, 𨭩, 𫚀, 𬷵, 𪧭, 薪, 𨑁, 𭏻, 㜪, 𪬴, 𭺦

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 480, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
• Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2026, character 21
• Unihan data for U+65B0

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 新 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 新朝 (Cantonese)
• 新 (Classical)
• Sin (kin-pêng) (Southern Min)
• 新朝 (Wu)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 新
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 (OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new). 亲 is a variant of 辛 (OC *siŋ)

Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် (sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood; timber”).

This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ (“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

新

1. new; fresh

   Antonyms: 舊／旧 (jiù), 老 (lǎo)

   新芽  ―  xīnyá  ―  sprout; bud

   新風氣／新风气  ―  xīn fēngqì  ―  new trend; new atmosphere

   新產品／新产品  ―  xīn chǎnpǐn  ―  new product

   新納粹／新纳粹  ―  xīnnàcuì  ―  neo-Nazi

   新鮭魚二月前不上市，對嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   新鲑鱼二月前不上市，对吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Xīn guīyú èryuè qián bù shàngshì, duì ma?

   Fresh salmon doesn't come in before February, does it?

2. new; unused

   Antonym: 舊／旧 (jiù)

   新車／新车  ―  xīn chē  ―  new car

   新衫 [Cantonese]  ―  san¹ saam¹   ―  new clothes

3. recently or just married

   新人  ―  xīnrén  ―  newly married couple

   新娘  ―  xīnniáng  ―  bride

4. the new

   迎新  ―  yíngxīn  ―  to welcome new arrivals

   推陳出新／推陈出新  ―  tuīchénchūxīn  ―  to get rid of the old and bring forth the new

5. to make new

   耳目一新  ―  ěrmùyīxīn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 苟日新、日日新、又日新。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Gǒu rì xīn, rìrì xīn, yòu rì xīn.

     If you can one day renovate yourself, do so from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation.

6. newly; freshly; recently

   新建成的超市  ―  xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì  ―  newly built supermarket

   係新買返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   系新买返嚟嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   hai⁶ san¹ maai⁵ faan¹ lai⁴ ge³.

   I bought it only a while ago.

7. (chemistry) meso-
8. a surname. Xin
9. (～朝) Xin dynasty
10. Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
11. Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).
12. Short for 新西蘭／新西兰 (Xīnxīlán).

    澳新銀行／澳新银行  ―  Ào Xīn Yínháng  ―  Australia and New Zealand Banking Corporation (ANZ Bank)

See also

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Thai: ซิง (sing)

Further reading

• “Entry #9526”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Alternative forms

• 𣂺: see 新の本字 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. new
2. change, reform

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: あたらしい (atarashii, 新しい, Jōyō); あらた (arata, 新た, Jōyō); あら (ara, 新); にい (nii, 新, Jōyō)^{←にひ (nifi, 新, historical)}; さら (sara, 新)
• Nanori: あきら (akira); あせ (ase); あたらし (atarashi); し (shi); すすむ (susumu); ちか (chika); に (ni); につ (nitsu); はじめ (hajime); よし (yoshi); わか (waka)

Compounds

Etymology 1

/sin/ → /ɕin/

From Middle Chinese 新 (MC sin).

Compare modern Mandarin 新 (xīn), Hakka 新 (sîn), Min Nan 新 (sin), and Wu 新 (¹shin).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) し​ん (Atamadaka – ) as a noun
• IPA^(key):

Noun

新(しん) • (shin) 

1. a novelty

   Antonym: 旧 (kyū)

2. Short for 新暦 (shinreki): the Gregorian calendar
3. Short for 新株 (shinkabu) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
4. Short for 新銀 (shingin) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
5. Short for 新造 (shinzō) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Prefix

新(しん) • (shin-) 

1. neo-

   新(しん)元(げん)号(ごう)

   shin-gengō

   new era name

   新(しん)世(せ)界(かい)

   Shinsekai

   the New World

   新(しん)約(やく)聖(せい)書(しょ)

   Shin'yaku Seisho

   the New Testament

2. attached to the title of a fiction work to mean “new storyline”, to distinguish it from older works

   新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ

   Shin Tekken Chinmi

   New Ironfist Chinmi

3. attached to the title of a fiction adaptation to mean “remake”, to distinguish it from older adaptations

   Lois & Clark　新(しん)スーパーマン

   Lois & Clark Shin Sūpāman

   Lois & Clark: New Superman

Derived terms

Proper noun

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

新

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Xin dynasty

Wikipedia

新(しん) • (Shin) 

1. (historical) the Xin dynasty (8–23 CE)
2. a placename
3. a surname
4. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

⟨nipi₁⟩ → /nipʲi/ → /nifi/ → /niwi/ → /niː/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nipi.

Prefix

新(にい) • (nii-) 

1. new, novel
2. fresh
3. original

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Old Japanese.

Extension of 粗, 荒 (ara, “crude, raw”).

Prefix

新(あら) • (ara-) 

1. new
2. unused
3. natural

Derived terms

Proper noun

新(あら) • (Ara) 

1. a surname

Etymology 4

Noun

新(さら) • (sara) 

1. something new and unused

Derived terms

Proper noun

新(さら) • (Sara) 

1. a female given name

Etymology 5