Proto-Western Nigritic reconstructions from Mukarovsky (1976) are given below. Mukarovsky's Proto-Western Nigritic is roughly equivalent to Proto-Atlantic-Congo (or Proto-Niger-Congo but excluding Kordofanian, Ijaw, and Dogon).[1]
| No. | English gloss | Proto-Western Nigritic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | oil palm | *-bá- |
| 2 | to be | *ba |
| 3 | put away | *ba- |
| 4 | they (human beings) | *ba, *bi- |
| 5 | be bitter | *bab- |
| 6 | door | *-bado- (*-buda-, *-bhula) |
| 7 | hoe | *-bag- |
| 8 | jaw | *-baga- (*-banga) |
| 9 | build | *bák- |
| 10 | marry, take or become husband | *bál- |
| 11 | kind of palm | *-bále |
| 12 | twin, two | *-bàli |
| 13 | carry on back (a child) | *bamb- (*bhamb-?) |
| 14 | wing | *-bámbàm- |
| 15 | be flat | *bat- (*pat-) |
| 16 | split, tear | *bat- (*pat-) |
| 17 | rat | *-béte (*-bénte) |
| 18 | bad | *-bí- |
| 19 | seed | *-bi (*-bii) |
| 20 | bear, give birth to | *bi- |
| 20a | child | *-bí |
| 21 | war | *-bi |
| 22 | kind of bird of prey | *-bibi- |
| 23 | hide, take cover | *bik- |
| 24 | become cooked, ripe | *bíl- (*bíd-) |
| 25 | boil up, be hot | *bil- (*buil-) |
| 26 | call, name | *bíl- |
| 27 | tell | *bil- |
| 28 | female breast; milk | *-bíl- (*-bíd-) |
| 29 | oil palm; frond or nut of oil palm | *-bíl- (*-bílà) |
| 30 | body | *-bili (*-buili) |
| 31 | round | *bilu- |
| 32 | excrements | *-bín- |
| 33 | be soft | *bòb- |
| 34 | dumb | *-bobo (*-bui-) |
| 35 | be rotten | *bòd- |
| 36 | part of the head | *bomb- (*-bomp-) |
| 37 | bind | *bop- |
| 38 | wear (clothes) | *bu- |
| 39 | baobab | *-bu- |
| 40 | arm | *-buak- |
| 41 | shoulder | *-buaka- (*-bueka-) |
| 42 | get lost, be lacking | *búd- |
| 43 | kill | *bud- |
| 44 | rain, rain cloud | *-buda |
| 45 | goat | *-búdi (*-búadi) |
| 46 | stone | *-búi |
| 47 | relative | *-buk- |
| 48 | hit | *bul- |
| 49 | speak; tell | *bul- |
| 50 | be abundant, numerous | *bul- |
| 51 | hair on body | *-buli |
| 52 | harvest | *bun- |
| 53 | mosquito | *-búne |
| 54 | waterhole, river | *-bung- |
| 55 | worm | *-bunk- |
| 56 | beget, sow | *but- |
| 57 | break, smash | *bu- (*bud-) |
| 58 | bow down, crouch | *bu- (*but-) |
| 601 | give birth, beget | *bad- |
| 602 | knife | *-bak- |
| 603 | rat | *-beb- |
| 604 | dislike, hate | *beng- |
| 605 | announce, tell | *bik- |
| 606 | be lazy | *bil- |
| 59 | father (grandfather) | *-bhàbhá |
| 60 | rib | *-bhad- |
| 61 | scar | *-bhal- |
| 62 | to shine, light | *bhal- |
| 63 | open place | *-bhal- |
| 64 | side | *-bhan- |
| 65 | shine brightly | *bhang- |
| 66 | spot, speck | *-bhat- |
| 67 | thou, you (sing.) | *-bhi- |
| 68 | dirt | *-bhin- |
| 69 | be wet | *bho- (*bhom-) |
| 70 | dog | *-bhúa- |
| 71 | fear | *bhug- |
| 72 | create, mould | *bhum- (*bhumbh-) |
| 73 | brain | *-bhunko |
| 74 | penis | *-bhun- (*-bhunt-) |
| 607 | stable | *-bhag- |
| 608 | burn | *bha- (*bhak-) |
| 609 | bundle | *-bhom- (*-bhomb-) |
| 610 | roar | *bhung- |
| 75 | cut | *cet- |
| 76 | country, ground | *-cí |
| 77 | horn | *-cín- |
| 78 | fall in drops | *cod- (*col-) |
| 79 | prick with point | *cok- |
| 80 | be pointed | *con- |
| 81 | pierce | *co- (*cot-) |
| 82 | urine | *-cú (*-cwi) |
| 83 | broth | *-cul- |
| 84 | bad humour | *-cun- |
| 85 | wash | *cu- (*cuk-) |
| 611 | charm | *-cang- |
| 612 | pestle | *-ci |
| 613 | cupping horn | *-cuk- |
| 86 | lie down, sleep | *dád- (*dál-) |
| 87 | be mad | *dád- |
| 88 | crawl, spread | *dad- |
| 89 | jaw, chin | *-dàd- |
| 90 | old | *-dada |
| 91 | buy | *dàl- |
| 92 | be in health | *dám- |
| 93 | relative by marriage | *-dém- (*-diam-) |
| 94 | to be | *di |
| 95 | eat | *di- |
| 96 | righthand | *-dí-, *-dio- |
| 97 | allow | *diak- |
| 98 | tend, heed | *dik- (*dink-) |
| 99 | extinguish | *dim- (*dium-) |
| 100 | darkness | *-dim- (*-dium-, *-tim-) |
| 101 | spirit | *-dim- (*-dium-) |
| 102 | today | *-dina- (*-diant-) |
| 103 | fire | *-dìná |
| 104 | night | *-do (*-dua) |
| 105 | look at, love | *dol- |
| 106 | ashes | *-dot- |
| 107 | lie, sleep | *dua- |
| 107a | drip, leak | *dug- (*du-) |
| 108 | tribe, clan | *-dug- |
| 109 | knee | *-dui- |
| 110 | bite | *dúm- |
| 111 | pull | *dut- |
| 614 | be angry | *da- |
| 615 | debt | *-dantu |
| 616 | be slack | *ded- |
| 617 | tread | *dibat- |
| 112 | (fishing) net | *-gabu |
| 113 | lie (down, on back) | *gal- |
| 114 | hunger | *-gál- (*-gyál-) |
| 115 | to love | *gand- |
| 116 | hindred | *-gà (*-gàna) |
| 117 | scale of fish | *-gemp- (*-giamp-) |
| 118 | avoid | *gep- (*gyep-) |
| 119 | locust | *-giguni (*-guniguni) |
| 120 | fire-place | *-gik- |
| 121 | avoid (taboo), abstain | *-gìl- |
| 122 | egg | *-gíla- |
| 123 | stand | *gim- (*gium-) |
| 124 | be thin, lean | *gond- |
| 124a | fat, oil | *-gú- (*-gút-) |
| 125 | groundnut | *-gugi- |
| 126 | sky (above) | *-gúlu- |
| 618 | be insane | *gad- |
| 619 | intoxicating beverage | *-gad- |
| 620 | clan | *-gan- (*-gin-) |
| 127 | yesterday | *-ghàná |
| 128 | blood | *-ghìá |
| 129 | stranger, guest | *-ghína- |
| 130 | fly; (to fly) | *-ghi (*-ghwyi?) |
| 131 | be alive | *ghi- (*ghim-) |
| 132 | name | *-ghínà |
| 133 | steal (thief) | *ghiu- |
| 133a | top, head | *-ghiu- (*-ghidu) |
| 134 | to fly | *ghul- (*ghyul-) |
| 135 | become rotten | *ghund- |
| 621 | increase | *ghand- |
| 136 | to fall | *gwa |
| 137 | divide | *gwàb- |
| 138 | hook | *-gwab- (*-kwab-) |
| 139 | look at, examine | *gwabh- |
| 140 | arm, hand | *-gwal- |
| 141 | to flow | *gwàl- (*gwyèl-) |
| 142 | speak | *gwam- |
| 143 | dry (in the sun) | *gwan- |
| 144 | hang (up) | *gwàng- |
| 145 | split | *gwá- (*gwát-) |
| 146 | answer | *gwa- (*gwya-t-) |
| 147 | string, rope | *-gwe- |
| 148 | mane | *-gwendi |
| 149 | go | *gwìa |
| 150 | leopard | *-gwìl- |
| 151 | deny, refuse | *gwím- |
| 152 | sing | *gwím- (*gwyím-) |
| 153 | dust | *-gwimbe |
| 154 | pour | *gwit- |
| 155 | female genitals | *-gwo |
| 156 | become, be bent | *gwob- |
| 157 | be straight | *gwol- |
| 158 | strength | *-gwol- (*-gwel-) |
| 159 | fall asleep, sleep | *gwol- (*gwon-) |
| 160 | snore | *gwon- |
| 161 | sheep (goat) | *-gwu- |
| 162 | to cover | *gwub- |
| 163 | shin, (lower) leg | *-gwùl- |
| 164 | buy, barter | *gwul- (*-gwyul-) |
| 165 | bird | *-gwùn- (*-gwyùn-) |
| 622 | hippopotamus | *-gwab- |
| 623 | tell a tale | *gwan- |
| 624 | cover | *gwin- |
| 625 | accustom | *gwog- |
| 166 | be quick, hurry | *-ghwak- (*-ghwyak-) |
| 167 | snake | *-ghwákà (*-ghwyákà) |
| 168 | child | *-ghwyán- |
| 169 | hair | *-ghwíli (*-ghwyíli) |
| 170 | sun | *-ghwín |
| 171 | thorn | *-ghwyu (*-ghwuni) |
| 172 | year | *-ják- (*-gwyák-?) |
| 173 | woman (female) | *-jali |
| 174 | animal (meat) | *-jam- |
| 175 | shine, be white | *jel- |
| 176 | moon | *-jél- |
| 177 | come from | *ji- |
| 178 | compound, settlement | *-ji- |
| 179 | fear | *jid- (*jit-) |
| 180 | build | *jing- |
| 181 | dance | *jo- (*jol-) |
| 182 | burn (fire) | *-jot- |
| 626 | cross a river | *jab- (*jamb-) |
| 627 | enclosure | *jag- |
| 628 | kind of frog | *-jul- |
| 183 | home | *ka- |
| 184 | hand, arm | *-ka (*-kya) |
| 185 | chase | *kak- |
| 186 | be, make dry | *ka- (*kak-) |
| 187 | sour | *kak- (*kaky-) |
| 188 | grandfather, master | *-kaka |
| 189 | blood | *-kàl- |
| 190 | sit (down), remain | *kàl- |
| 191 | fierce | *-kal- |
| 192 | long ago | *-kal- |
| 193 | crab | *-kála |
| 194 | squeeze out | *kam- |
| 195 | deny, refuse | *kan- |
| 196 | day, daylight | *-kán- (*-kyán-) |
| 197 | shell (of snail) | *-kande |
| 198 | be tired, tire | *kat- |
| 199 | headpad | *-káà (*-kátà) |
| 200 | tooth | *-kéka |
| 201 | small | *-keke (*-ken-) |
| 202 | cut | *kél- |
| 203 | split | *ken- |
| 204 | gnaw, bite | *ket- (*keket-) |
| 205 | village (settlement) | *-ki (*-kyi, *-ci) |
| 206 | to dawn | *kì-, *kìa |
| 207 | laugh | *kiak- |
| 208 | side | *-kian- |
| 209 | woman, wife | *-kíe |
| 210 | eyebrow | *-kig- |
| 211 | tail | *-kíla |
| 212 | press | *kin- |
| 213 | be silent | *kin- |
| 214 | kind of palm tree | *-kint- |
| 215 | to end | *kit- |
| 216 | abhor, refuse | *kit- |
| 217 | moon | *-kiul- |
| 218 | crow, cackle (cock, fowl) | *kol-, *kolkol- |
| 219 | hollow | *kom- |
| 220 | become crooked | *kom- |
| 221 | fold, bend | *kon- |
| 222 | woodpecker (knock) | *-kont- (*-koa-) |
| 223 | bend, stoop | *kòt- |
| 224 | big lizard (crocodile) | *-kóti |
| 225 | urinate | *ko- |
| 226 | kill | *ku- |
| 227 | go | *kua- |
| 228 | relative by marriage | *-kua- (*-kyua-) |
| 229 | seize | *kua- (*kuat-) |
| 230 | smithery | *-kuabi (*-kuba) |
| 231 | to cough | *kual- |
| 232 | guinea-f owl | *-kuang- |
| 233 | scrape (off) | *kuap- |
| 234 | rust | *-kuata |
| 235 | gnaw | *kuekit- |
| 236 | firewood | *-kui, *-kuni |
| 237 | to tie | *kuk- |
| 238 | fowl, chicken | *-kuki |
| 239 | heap | *kú- (*kúk-) |
| 240 | be old; ancestor | *-kú, *-kúku |
| 241 | draw out (water) | *kul- |
| 242 | be old | *-kúl- |
| 243 | kind of antelope | *-kul- |
| 244 | love, desire | *kul- |
| 245 | satiate (thirst) | *kul- |
| 246 | smooth (by rubbing) | *kul-, *kulun- |
| 247 | to roll | *kul-, *kulun- |
| 248 | weep (tear) | *kul- (*kyul-) |
| 249 | millipede | *-kúlan- |
| 250 | kind of ant | *-kum- |
| 251 | bean | *-kun- |
| 252 | fill a mouth | *kun- |
| 253 | bug | *-kun- |
| 629 | tortoise | *-kamb- |
| 630 | to cry | *ku- |
| 631 | bend (eal) | *kung- |
| 254 | woman (wife) | *-khál- (*-khánd-) |
| 255 | charcoal | *-khál- |
| 256 | cut (off) | *khant- |
| 257 | sand | *-khan- (*-khyan-) |
| 258 | sand | *-kheke |
| 259 | hiccough | *-khikue |
| 259a | charcoal | *-khila |
| 260 | possess; owner | *khin- |
| 261 | to play | *khin- (*kwyin-?) |
| 262 | fish | *-khiuni, *-khuini |
| 263 | be crooked | *khok- |
| 264 | hole, hollow | *-kholo- |
| 265 | scratch, scrape off | *khuat- |
| 266 | crocodile | *-khúìn- |
| 267 | ask for | *khum- |
| 268 | swell | *khum- |
| 269 | copulate | *khun- (*khuin-) |
| 270 | fog | *khun- |
| 271 | eyelid | *khupa |
| 272 | rub | *khut- |
| 273 | sheep (goat) | *-khutan- |
| 274 | cough | *-kwác- (*-kwánc-) |
| 275 | rub, wash | *kwak- |
| 276 | cheek | *-kwakw- (*-kwyakw-) |
| 277 | kind of hawk | *-kwal- |
| 278 | snore | *kwal- |
| 279 | frog | *-kwal- (*-kwyal-) |
| 280 | kind of antelope | *-kwal- (*-kwyal-) |
| 281 | captive, prisoner | *-kwal- |
| 282 | meet, assemble | *kwam- |
| 283 | fence | *-kwam- |
| 284 | arm, hand | *-kwán- |
| 285 | scrape | *kwán- |
| 286 | squirrel | *-kwándi (*-kwyándi) |
| 287 | shake | *kwank- (*kwink-) |
| 288 | nape of the neck (neck) | *-kwànt- |
| 289 | path, track | *-kwánt- |
| 290 | bag, basket | *-kwapo |
| 291 | ring | *-kwat- |
| 292 | cut | *kwèk- (*kwyèk-) |
| 293 | to cover | *kwind- |
| 294 | tick | *-kwipa |
| 295 | scar | *-kwod- |
| 296 | hate (be ugly) | *kwol- |
| 297 | become drunk | *kwol- |
| 298 | heart, breastbone | *-kwol- |
| 299 | to spy | *kwol- (*kwyol-) |
| 300 | set (of sun) | *kwu- (*kwyu-) |
| 301 | dry, hard | *kwua- |
| 302 | termite | *-kwua (*-kwyua) |
| 303 | skin (bark, husk) | *-kwuba |
| 304 | knee | *-kwudi-, *-kwunt- |
| 305 | be big | *-kwul- |
| 306 | tortoise (turtle) | *-kwúlu (*-kwúlui) |
| 307 | navel | *-kwuna- |
| 308 | knot (tie knot) | *kwund- |
| 309 | gather (up) | *kwúng- |
| 310 | shake (off) | *kwùnk- |
| 311 | fist | *-kwunt- |
| 312 | short | *-kwup- |
| 313 | pour out, empty | *kwut- |
| 314 | oil, fat | *-kwúa (*-kwút-) |
| 315 | snail | *-khwab- |
| 316 | kind of vulture or hawk | *-khwab- (*-nkhwab-) |
| 317 | partridge | *-khwád- |
| 318 | war | *-khwán- |
| 319 | to peel | *khwel- (*khwend-) |
| 320 | across | *khwig- |
| 321 | elbow | *-khwol-, *-khwulkhwul- |
| 322 | fish-trap | *-khwon- |
| 323 | return (home) | *khwot- (*khwod-) |
| 324 | embrace | *khwub- |
| 325 | die (dead person, death) | *kwwú-, *khwúi |
| 326 | anus | *-khwul- |
| 327 | bone | *-khwúpà |
| 632 | jealousy | *-khwupa- |
| 328 | jaw | *-lak- |
| 329 | stick to | *làm- (*làbh-) |
| 330 | lick | *lam- (*liam-) |
| 331 | shine | *lan- (*lian-) |
| 332 | tongue | *-lélum- (*-lúm-) |
| 333 | heavy, difficult | *lèm- |
| 334 | lame | *lém- |
| 335 | family, clan | *- li |
| 336 | be tired | *liam- |
| 337 | hang down, dangle | *liang- |
| 338 | bird-lime | *-lìm- (*-lìmb-) |
| 339 | tongue | *-líma (*-líami) |
| 340 | pit, hole | *-lind- |
| 341 | to watch | *lind- |
| 342 | water | *-lingi |
| 343 | shade, shadow | *-liuli (*-lindi) |
| 344 | root | *-líul- (*-líl-) |
| 345 | hit; kill | *liup- (*lip-) |
| 346 | heavy | *lìut- (*lìt-) |
| 347 | catch fish (fish) | *lob- |
| 348 | wound, sore | *-lónd- |
| 349 | dream | *lot- (*lod-) |
| 350 | be ill | *lú- (*lúa-) |
| 351 | dip in | *lúb- |
| 352 | drip, leak | *lùg- (*lù-) |
| 353 | put on, wear clothes | *lui- (*lu-) |
| 354 | go out | *lùi- (*lù-) |
| 355 | shut (invers, open) | *luig- (*lug-) |
| 356 | bewitch | *lùk- (*lòg-) |
| 357 | plait, weave | *lùk- (*lù-) |
| 358 | be bitter (bile) | *lùl- |
| 359 | shouting, noise | *lul- |
| 360 | rain | *lùmb- |
| 361 | be or put straight | *lumb- (*lun-) |
| 362 | clouds | *-lund- |
| 363 | knee | *-lúnku- (*-dúnku-) |
| 633 | look for | *lab- |
| 634 | renounce | *lant- |
| 635 | tread | *liat- (*lat-) |
| 636 | look (at) | *lod- (*lud-) |
| 637 | suff er | *lum- |
| 364 | finish, be finished | *mal- |
| 365 | mother, grandmother | *-mà, *-màma |
| 366 | dew | *-màni- (*-mìna) |
| 367 | know | *man- |
| 368 | be full | *mem- (*mam-?) |
| 369 | I, me | *mi, *ami |
| 370 | silent | *mi- (*mil-) |
| 371 | swallow | *mìl- |
| 372 | throat | *-mìl- |
| 373 | nose | *-míl-, *-míla |
| 374 | nasal mucus | *-mìlá |
| 375 | know | *min- |
| 376 | press, sqeeze | *mín- |
| 377 | see | *món- (*bhón-) |
| 378a | thou, you (sing.) | *mu- |
| 378b | you (plur.) | *mui |
| 379 | knife, razor | *-mua, *-muo |
| 380 | back, spine | *-mua, *-uma |
| 381 | to shine | *mual- |
| 382 | laugh | *muam-, *muamuat-, *muat- |
| 383 | close the mouth; be mute | *mum- |
| 384 | to suck | *mún- |
| 385 | to suck | *mung- |
| 638 | be astonished | *mang- (*mak-) |
| 639 | one; first | *-mot- |
| 386 | wash | *nabh- |
| 387 | animal, meat | *-nam- |
| 388 | four | *-nán- |
| 389 | I, me | *ni (*ine) |
| 390 | defecate | *ní- |
| 391 | rain | *ni- (*nia-) |
| 392 | you (plur.) | *-ni-, *-nia |
| 393 | four | *-ní- (*-nía-) |
| 394 | elephant; tusk | *-ní-, *-níang- |
| 395 | big, stout | *-nian- |
| 396 | mouth | *-níana |
| 397 | eight | *-niani |
| 398 | give | *nik- |
| 399 | tooth | *-nín- (*-níghin-) |
| 400 | mother | *-nina, *-ninu |
| 401 | eye | *-nín-, *-nínu |
| 402 | person, man | *-nintu (*-nitu) |
| 403 | buffalo | *-nitati |
| 404 | mouth | *-níuna (*-núa) |
| 405 | bird | *-nùni |
| 406 | to drink | *ŋiu- (*ŋium-, *ŋu-) |
| 407 | to smell | *ŋun- (*ŋunk-) |
| 408 | to scratch | *ŋwa- |
| 409 | nose | *-ŋwá- (*-ŋwyá-, *-ŋwúna) |
| 410 | smoke | *-ŋwákì (*-ŋwátì) |
| 411 | moon | *-ŋwál- |
| 412 | star | *-ŋwát- |
| 413 | bee; honey | *-ŋwo- |
| 414 | rub, smear | *pak- |
| 415 | put high | *pak- |
| 416 | border, boundary | *-pak- (*-pank-) |
| 417 | meet | *pak-, *pa- |
| 418 | spread | *pal- |
| 419 | shoulder, wing | *-papa- |
| 420 | seize | *pat- |
| 421 | alone | *pek- |
| 422 | become finished | *pel- |
| 423 | shine | *pem- |
| 424 | beat | *pi- |
| 425 | roast, cook | *pi- |
| 426 | sweep; broom | *pí- (*píd-) |
| 427 | stone, rock | *-pí- |
| 428 | accompany | *piad- |
| 428a | moon | *-pìal- (*-pìan-) |
| 429 | kind of antelope | *-píala (*-pála) |
| 430 | blow, fan, winnow | *piap- |
| 431 | wind | *-píap- |
| 432 | seize | *piat- |
| 433 | rub with fingers | *pik- |
| 434 | to hide | *pik- |
| 435 | arrive, come | *pík- (*bhík-?) |
| 436 | wing | *-piko |
| 437 | pus | *-pil- |
| 438 | lie across | *pin- (*ping-) |
| 439 | press, squeeze out | *pìn- |
| 440 | handle, hilt | *-pin- |
| 441 | suck | *pip- (*piop-) |
| 442 | hyena | *-piti |
| 443 | kind of antelope | *-pok- |
| 444 | knead | *pok- (*pong-) |
| 445 | become rotten | *pót- |
| 446 | cease, finish | *pu- |
| 447 | suffer from diarrhoea | *puak- |
| 448 | resemble | *puan- |
| 449 | bark (skin) | *-puk-, *-puak- |
| 450 | mature | *puk- |
| 451 | strip off | *pul- |
| 452 | go or come out | *pum- |
| 453 | blind | *-pum- (*-pup-) |
| 454 | rub off | *punk- |
| 455 | blind | *-puo- (*-pio-) |
| 456 | beat | *put- (*pun-) |
| 457 | bend, fold | *put- |
| 458 | stomach, belly; intestines | *-pút- |
| 459 | wound, sore | *-puta (*-puna) |
| 640 | be bent sideways | *pek- (*peng-) |
| 641 | nostril | *-pel- |
| 642 | knife | *-pi- |
| 643 | be against | *pik- |
| 644 | plait | *ping- |
| 645 | be healthy | *pit- |
| 646 | escape | *pon- |
| 460 | give | *phá- |
| 461 | scrape; scratch | *phal- |
| 462 | cutlass | *-phán- (*-pháng-) |
| 463 | give | *phe- (*pha.i-?) |
| 464 | the itch | *-phèli |
| 465 | breathe | *phem- |
| 466 | blow the nose | *phem- |
| 467 | blow, fan, winnow | *phet- |
| 468 | spit out, vomit | *phi- |
| 469 | burn (fire) | *phi- (*phai, *phia) |
| 470 | cold | *-phíàp- |
| 471 | kind of millet | *-phila |
| 472 | to pass | *phit- |
| 473 | speak | *phoph- |
| 473a | new | *-phua-, *phwai- |
| 474 | to blow | *phud- |
| 475 | to dig | *phuk- |
| 476 | to blow, breathe; lungs | *-phuk- (*-phung-) |
| 477 | mouse, rat | *-phuki |
| 478 | boil up, seethe | *phul- |
| 479 | foam | *-phúl- |
| 480 | lungs | *-phul-, *-phulphul- |
| 481 | breathe | *phum- |
| 482 | nose | *-phúna |
| 483 | pigeon, dove (flap wings) | *phup- |
| 484 | wind, blowing of wind | *-phúph- (*-phún-, *-phunphun-) |
| 485 | be light (in weight) | *phu- (*phuph-) |
| 486 | bow (shoot w. bow) | *-tá- |
| 487 | father | *-tá, *-tata |
| 488 | kind of trap | *-tagi (*-tangi) |
| 489 | chew | *ták-, *tákun- |
| 490 | look at | *tal- |
| 491 | bridge | *-tal- |
| 492 | grasshopper | *-talitali |
| 493 | overpower | *tam- |
| 494 | walk, travel | *tamb- |
| 495 | extend, spread | *tànd- |
| 496 | kind of palm tree | *-tandi |
| 497 | be first, in front | *tang-, *tiang- |
| 498 | spittle | *-táni (*-itan-) |
| 499 | to tear | *tatul-, *tiat- |
| 500 | name | *-télà |
| 501 | cut down | *tem- |
| 502 | burn | *tem- |
| 503 | make | *tend- |
| 504 | tree | *-tí |
| 505 | inside | *-ti |
| 506 | middle, amid | *-ti-, *-titi- |
| 507 | bind | *tiak- |
| 508 | shake, tremble | *tiantiam- |
| 509 | rub | *ti- (*tik-) |
| 510 | hiccup | *-tikue |
| 511 | driver ant | *-tilaku |
| 512 | to dig | *tim-, *tium- |
| 513 | stick into the ground, plant | *tìm-, *tìmb- |
| 514 | heart (liver) | *-timu |
| 515 | root (trunk) | *-tin- |
| 516 | cut | *tin- (*ten-) |
| 517 | cut, cut off | *ting- |
| 518 | small | *-titua (*-tin-) |
| 519 | we | *-tiu |
| 520 | navel | *-tont- (*-tonton) |
| 521 | to pound | *tú- (*itu-, *tiu-) |
| 522 | mortar | *-tudi, *-tudu |
| 523 | head | *-túi |
| 524 | work | *-túim- |
| 525 | belly; abdomen | *-tuimb- (*-temb-, *-tumb-) |
| 526 | to curse | *tuk- (*tiuk-) |
| 527 | to boil, be hot | *tuk- |
| 528 | go down | *tul- |
| 529 | to forge | *tul- |
| 530 | throw, shoot | *tu-, *tum- |
| 531 | roast, cook | *tumb- (*tun-) |
| 532 | cohabit | *tu- (*tumb-) |
| 533 | pestle | *-tun- |
| 534 | hurt a sore | *tun- |
| 535 | build | *tu- (*tun-) |
| 536 | instruct (punish) | *tund- |
| 537 | hill, mountain | *-túnda |
| 538 | spit (vomit) | *túph- |
| 539 | carry | *tut- |
| 647 | carry | *teb- |
| 648 | cloud | *-tu- |
| 649 | basket | *-tung- |
| 540 | war | *-thá |
| 541 | stone (rock) | *-thála, *-tháli |
| 542 | three | *-tháthu |
| 543 | put; put into | *thi- (*ti-) |
| 544 | father | *-thí (*-thía, *-thína) |
| 545 | slip, be slippery | *thíal- (*thíalil-) |
| 546 | grind, rub | *thìd- |
| 547 | leave | *thi-, *thig- |
| 548 | remain, stay | *thi-, *thig- |
| 549 | stand | *thim-, *thium- |
| 550 | night | *-thithuka |
| 551 | leopard, wild cat | *-thimb- |
| 552 | dirt, morass, mud | *-thòp- |
| 553 | carry (on head) | *thu- (*thud-, *thuk-) |
| 554 | river, water-place | *-thu, *-thua |
| 555 | pierce, perforate | *thubh- |
| 556 | ear | *-thúi, *-thú- |
| 557 | come from | *thu-, *thuk- |
| 558 | send | *thum- |
| 559 | mouth, lips | *-thum- |
| 560 | ashes | *-thún- |
| 561 | urinate | *thúnd- |
| 650 | backbone | *-than- |
| 562 | five | *-tsánu? (*-tánu) |
| 563 | star | *-tsondua? (*-tondua) |
| 564 | stick | *-tsuang-? (*-tuang-) |
| 565 | be silent | *tsun-? (*tun-) |
| 566 | open the mouth | *yak- (*yakam-) |
| 567 | kind of ape | *-yan- |
| 568 | borrow, lend | *ya- (*yali-) |
| 569 | armpit | *-yap- |
| 570 | boat | *-yat- |
| 571 | eye | *-yíc - (*-yínc-, *níc-) |
| 572 | name | *-yítu |
| 573 | call (by name) | *yí- (*yít-) |
| 574 | live | *yom- |
| 652 | taboo | *-yiku (*-kui) |
| 653 | the other day | *-yilo |