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The following reconstructions of Proto-Potou-Akanic is from Stewart (2004).
Stewart (2004)
Gloss |
Proto-Potou-Akanic |
Proto-Akanic |
Akan
|
become burnt |
*-pɪ́- |
*-pɪ |
-cɪ()
|
boil, froth |
*-pulu |
*-fulu |
huru
|
foam |
*-pulu |
*-fulu |
huru
|
blow (with mouth) |
*-pu |
*-fu |
hu
|
quarrel |
*-pãʊ̃ɪ̄ |
*-fãʋ̃ɪ̃ |
ɦãm
|
itchy |
*-pīl̃ī |
*-fĩl̃ĩ |
h̃ĩnĩ
|
blow (nose) |
*-pĩũĩ |
*-fĩũĩ ̰ |
ħĩm
|
where? |
*-pĩ |
*-fĩ |
ħĩ
|
breathe; rest |
-pʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ |
*-fʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ |
ħũmĩ
|
get caught in or between |
*-pĩ |
*-fĩ |
ħĩ
|
war |
*-ta |
*-sa |
ɔ-sa
|
draw (water) |
*-taʋɪ |
*-saʋɪ |
saw
|
say |
*-te |
*-se |
*-se
|
carry |
*-tu |
*-su |
sʊ, -sʊa
|
tie up |
*-tã |
*-sã |
sã
|
make by carving or cutting |
*-tẽl̃ĩ |
*-senĩ |
seŋ
|
ground |
*-tɪ |
*-sɪ |
a-sɪ
|
country |
*-tɪ |
*-sɪ |
a-sa-sɪ
|
underneath |
*-tɪ |
*-sɪ |
a-sɪ
|
father of someone other than the speaker |
*-tɪ |
*-sɪ |
ɔ-sɪ
|
cough (n.) |
*-kʷaʋɪ |
*-waʋɪ |
ɔ-waw
|
snail |
*-kʷa |
*-wa |
ŋ-ŋʷa
|
throw off, sweep away, bale out (water) |
*-kʷɪʋɪ |
*-hʷɪʋɪ |
-ɕʷɪw
|
wild sugar-cane (a species of grass) |
*-kʷɪlɪ |
*-hʷɪlɪ |
a-ɕʷɪrɪw
|
you (sg.) |
*-kʷʊ |
*-wʊ |
-wʊ
|
dry up |
*-kʷʊ |
*-wʊ |
-wʊ
|
die |
*-kʷu |
*-wu |
wu
|
death |
*-kʷu |
*-wu |
o-wu
|
take |
*-ɓ̻a |
*-pa |
fa
|
stomach |
*-ɓ̻u |
*-pu |
o-fu
|
bow |
*-ɗ̻a |
*-ta |
ɛ-ta
|
spittle |
*-ɗ̻a |
*-ta |
n-ta-su
|
three |
*-tã |
*-sã |
ɛ-sã
|
ear |
*-tʊ̃ |
*-sʊ̃ |
a-sʊ̃
|
ashes |
*-tʊ̃ |
*-sʊ̃ |
n-sʊ̃
|
send |
*-tʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃ |
*-sʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃ |
-sʊ̃mã
|
forge |
*-ɗ̣ʊ̃l̃ʊ̃ |
*-tʊ̃l̃ʊ̃ |
-tʊnʊ̃
|
roast |
*-ḍʊ̃ |
*-tʊ̃ |
-tʊ̃
|
vein |
*-ɗ̣ĩl̃ĩ |
*-tĩl̃ĩ |
n-tĩnĩ
|
headpad |
*-ɠa |
*-ka- |
ka-hiri
|
kind of hawk |
*-ɠɔlɪ |
*-kɔlɪ |
ɔ-kɔrɪ
|
growl (n.) |
*-ɠolɪ |
*-kɔlɪ |
ŋ-kurɔm
|
neck |
*-ɠɔ̃l̃ĩ |
*-kɔnĩ |
ɛ-kɔŋ
|
pass; surpass |
*-ɠɪnɪ̃ |
*-cɪnĩ |
-sĩŋ
|
stump of tree |
*-ginĩ |
*-cinĩ |
-sĩŋ
|
dawn (v.) |
*-ɠĩ |
*-kĩ |
-cĩ
|
salt |
*-ɠĩl̃ĩ |
*-kĩl̃ĩ |
ɲ-cĩnĩ
|
heart |
*-ɠʊ̃l̃ʊ̃ |
*-kʊ̃l̃ʊ̃ |
-kʊ̃-mã
|
bend (tr.) |
*-ɠʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃ |
*-kʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃ |
-kʊ̃m
|
shake |
*-ɠɓ̣ʊ |
*-kpʊ |
-pʊ
|
scrape |
*-ɠɓ̻ɔ̃ʋ̃ĩ |
*-kpɔʋɪ |
-pɔw
|
break off (tr.) |
*-ɠɓ̻ɔ̃l̃ĩ |
-kpɔnĩ |
-pɔŋø
|
hit |
*-ɠɓ̻ĩ |
*kpĩ |
-pĩ
|
pull |
*-bɔ̃ʋ̃ĩ |
*-pɔʋɪ |
-fɔw
|
become wet |
*-bĩ |
*-pĩ |
e-fĩ
|
dirt |
*-bũl̃ũ |
*-pũl̃ũ |
-fũnũ
|
dig up |
*-da |
*-ta |
n-ta
|
oath |
*-dɔ |
*-ta |
n-ta
|
rain; fall, incl. of rain |
*-dɔ |
*-tɔ |
tɔ
|
bury |
*-di |
*-ci |
-sie
|
stop up |
*-diʋi |
*-ciʋi |
siw
|
tie a know |
*-di |
*-ci |
-si
|
pull |
*-du |
*-tu |
tu
|
cloth |
*-dãʋ̃ĩ |
*-tãʋ̃ĩ |
ɔ-tãm
|
become suspended |
*-dɛ̃lĩ |
*-cɛnĩ |
-seŋ
|
top; sky |
*-tʊlʊ |
*-sʊlʊ |
ɔ-sʊrʊ, -sʊ
|
elephant |
*-tʊ̃l̃ʊ̃ |
*-sʊ̃lʊ̃ |
ɛ-sʊ̃nʊ̃
|
water |
*-ju |
*-cu |
n-su
|
abstain |
*-gili |
*-kili |
-ciri
|
female genitals |
*-gʷɛ |
*-kʷɛ |
ɛ-cʷɛ
|
life |
*-gʷã |
*-kʷã |
ŋ-kʷã
|
pull |
*-gʷĩ |
*-kʷĩ |
-cʷĩ
|
log, especially as bridge |
*-gʷĩl̃ĩ |
*-kʷĩl̃ĩ |
ɛ-cʷĩnĩ
|
become cooked |
*-ɓɪnɪ̃ |
*-bɪnĩ |
-bĩŋ
|
dirt, excrement |
*-ɓinĩ |
*-binĩ |
e-bĩŋ
|
stone |
*-ɓʊ |
*-bʊ |
ɔ-bʊ
|
hit |
*-ɓʊlʊ |
*-bʊlʊ |
|
clay for pottery |
*-ɓʊ |
*-bʊ |
|
break, snap (tr.) |
*-ɓu |
*-bu |
-bu
|
me |
*-mɪ̃ |
*-mĩ |
|
swallow |
*-mĩl̃ĩ |
*-mĩl̃ĩ |
|
throat, gullet |
*-mĩl̃ĩ |
*-mĩl̃ĩ |
-mĩnĩ
|
become full |
*-mĩʋ̃ĩ |
*-mĩʋ̃ĩ |
-mĩm
|
you (pl.) |
*-mʋ̃ |
*-mʋ̃ |
-mʋ̃
|
madness |
*-ɗa |
*-da |
da
|
lie down |
*-ɗa |
*-da |
-da
|
sleep |
*-ɗa |
*-da |
-da
|
today |
*-d̚ɛ |
*-ɗɛ |
n-nɛ
|
eat |
*-dí |
*-di |
-di
|
heavy |
-ɗulu |
*-dulu |
-duru
|
become extinguished, extinguish |
*-ɗumũ |
*-dumũ |
dũm
|
four |
-nã |
*-nã |
a-nã
|
defecate |
-nĩ |
*-nĩ |
-nĩ
|
drink |
-nʊ̃ |
*-nʊ̃ |
-nʊ
|
mouth |
*-nʊ̃ |
*-nʊ̃ |
a-nʊ̃
|
mother of someone other than the speaker |
*-nĩ |
*-nĩ |
o-nĩ
|
song |
*-ʝemĩ |
*-jomĩ |
e-jʷom
|
name |
*-ʝinĩ |
*-jinĩ |
e-jĩŋ
|
God |
*-ɲɜ̃ʋ̃ĩ |
*-ɲĩãʋ̃ĩ |
-ɲⁱãmĩ
|
become pregnant |
*-nĩʋ̃ĩ |
*-ɲĩʋ̃ĩ |
-ɲĩm (Fante)
|
eye |
*-ɲĩ |
*-ɲĩ |
ɜ-nĩ
|
bathe |
*-gʷialɪ |
*-gʷⁱarɪ |
|
fall |
*-gʷu |
*-gʷu |
-gu
|
become soft |
*-gʷoli |
*-gʷoli |
-gurow
|
bear (child) |
*-ɯʊ |
*-ɯʊ |
wʊ
|
honey |
*-ŋʊ̃ |
*-ɯ̃ʊ̃ |
-wʊ
|
stick to |
-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ |
*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ |
-fãm
|
become starved |
*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ |
*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ |
-fãm
|
follow |
*-ʋ̃ã |
*-ʋ̃ã |
-fã (Fante)
|
become too difficult for |
-*ʋ̃ĩʋ̃ĩ |
*-ʋ̃ĩʋ̃ĩ |
-fĩm
|
make a mistake |
*-ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ |
*-ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ |
-fʋ̃m
|
abdomen |
*-lã |
*-lã |
-ya-
|
look after (child) |
*-lɛ̃lĩ |
*-lɛnĩ. |
-yɛŋ
|
watch |
*-lɔ̃lĩ |
*-lɔnĩ |
-yʷɛŋ
|
weave |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
-ɲʷĩnĩ
|
bitterness |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
-ɲʷĩnĩ
|
cold |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
-ɲʷĩnĩ
|
shadow |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
o-ɲʷĩnĩ
|
become cold |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
*-lʋ̃lʋ̃ |
-ɲʷĩnĩ
|
moon |
*-ɯ̃ɛ̃lĩ |
*-hɛnĩ |
ɛ-ɕɛŋ
|
white |
*-ɯ̃ɛ̃lĩ |
*-hɛnĩ |
-ɕɛŋ
|
chief |
*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ |
*-ħĩlĩ |
ɔ-ħĩnĩ
|
body |
*-ɯ̃ʊ̃ |
*-ħʊ̃ |
ɛ-ħʊ̃
|
shut |
*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ |
*-ħĩl̃ĩ |
-ħĩnĩ
|
open |
*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ |
*-ħĩlĩ |
-ħĩɛ̃
|
snake |
*-w̃ɔ̃ |
*-wɔ |
ɔ-wɔ
|
nose |
*-w̃ĩlĩ |
*-ħʷĩlĩ |
ɛ-ħʷĩnĩ
|
hair |
*-w̃ĩ |
*-ħʷĩ |
ŋ-ħʷĩ
|
References
- ^ Stewart, John M. 2004. The Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu reconstrucions updated. Manuscript.
- ^ su: 'water'