Appendix:Proto-Potou-Akanic reconstructions

The following reconstructions of Proto-Potou-Akanic is from Stewart (2004).

Stewart (2004)

Gloss	Proto-Potou-Akanic	Proto-Akanic	Akan
become burnt	*-pɪ́-	*-pɪ	-cɪ()
boil, froth	*-pulu	*-fulu	huru
foam	*-pulu	*-fulu	huru
blow (with mouth)	*-pu	*-fu	hu
quarrel	*-pãʊ̃ɪ̄	*-fãʋ̃ɪ̃	ɦãm
itchy	*-pīl̃ī	*-fĩl̃ĩ	h̃ĩnĩ
blow (nose)	*-pĩũĩ	*-fĩũĩ ̰	ħĩm
where?	*-pĩ	*-fĩ	ħĩ
breathe; rest	-pʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃	*-fʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃	ħũmĩ
get caught in or between	*-pĩ	*-fĩ	ħĩ
war	*-ta	*-sa	ɔ-sa
draw (water)	*-taʋɪ	*-saʋɪ	saw
say	*-te	*-se	*-se
carry	*-tu	*-su	sʊ, -sʊa
tie up	*-tã	*-sã	sã
make by carving or cutting	*-tẽl̃ĩ	*-senĩ	seŋ
ground	*-tɪ	*-sɪ	a-sɪ
country	*-tɪ	*-sɪ	a-sa-sɪ
underneath	*-tɪ	*-sɪ	a-sɪ
father of someone other than the speaker	*-tɪ	*-sɪ	ɔ-sɪ
cough (n.)	*-kʷaʋɪ	*-waʋɪ	ɔ-waw
snail	*-kʷa	*-wa	ŋ-ŋʷa
throw off, sweep away, bale out (water)	*-kʷɪʋɪ	*-hʷɪʋɪ	-ɕʷɪw
wild sugar-cane (a species of grass)	*-kʷɪlɪ	*-hʷɪlɪ	a-ɕʷɪrɪw
you (sg.)	*-kʷʊ	*-wʊ	-wʊ
dry up	*-kʷʊ	*-wʊ	-wʊ
die	*-kʷu	*-wu	wu
death	*-kʷu	*-wu	o-wu
take	*-ɓ̻a	*-pa	fa
stomach	*-ɓ̻u	*-pu	o-fu
bow	*-ɗ̻a	*-ta	ɛ-ta
spittle	*-ɗ̻a	*-ta	n-ta-su
three	*-tã	*-sã	ɛ-sã
ear	*-tʊ̃	*-sʊ̃	a-sʊ̃
ashes	*-tʊ̃	*-sʊ̃	n-sʊ̃
send	*-tʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃	*-sʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃	-sʊ̃mã
forge	*-ɗ̣ʊ̃l̃ʊ̃	*-tʊ̃l̃ʊ̃	-tʊnʊ̃
roast	*-ḍʊ̃	*-tʊ̃	-tʊ̃
vein	*-ɗ̣ĩl̃ĩ	*-tĩl̃ĩ	n-tĩnĩ
headpad	*-ɠa	*-ka-	ka-hiri
kind of hawk	*-ɠɔlɪ	*-kɔlɪ	ɔ-kɔrɪ
growl (n.)	*-ɠolɪ	*-kɔlɪ	ŋ-kurɔm
neck	*-ɠɔ̃l̃ĩ	*-kɔnĩ	ɛ-kɔŋ
pass; surpass	*-ɠɪnɪ̃	*-cɪnĩ	-sĩŋ
stump of tree	*-ginĩ	*-cinĩ	-sĩŋ
dawn (v.)	*-ɠĩ	*-kĩ	-cĩ
salt	*-ɠĩl̃ĩ	*-kĩl̃ĩ	ɲ-cĩnĩ
heart	*-ɠʊ̃l̃ʊ̃	*-kʊ̃l̃ʊ̃	-kʊ̃-mã
bend (tr.)	*-ɠʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃	*-kʊ̃ʊ̃ʊ̃	-kʊ̃m
shake	*-ɠɓ̣ʊ	*-kpʊ	-pʊ
scrape	*-ɠɓ̻ɔ̃ʋ̃ĩ	*-kpɔʋɪ	-pɔw
break off (tr.)	*-ɠɓ̻ɔ̃l̃ĩ	-kpɔnĩ	-pɔŋø
hit	*-ɠɓ̻ĩ	*kpĩ	-pĩ
pull	*-bɔ̃ʋ̃ĩ	*-pɔʋɪ	-fɔw
become wet	*-bĩ	*-pĩ	e-fĩ
dirt	*-bũl̃ũ	*-pũl̃ũ	-fũnũ
dig up	*-da	*-ta	n-ta
oath	*-dɔ	*-ta	n-ta
rain; fall, incl. of rain	*-dɔ	*-tɔ	tɔ
bury	*-di	*-ci	-sie
stop up	*-diʋi	*-ciʋi	siw
tie a know	*-di	*-ci	-si
pull	*-du	*-tu	tu
cloth	*-dãʋ̃ĩ	*-tãʋ̃ĩ	ɔ-tãm
become suspended	*-dɛ̃lĩ	*-cɛnĩ	-seŋ
top; sky	*-tʊlʊ	*-sʊlʊ	ɔ-sʊrʊ, -sʊ
elephant	*-tʊ̃l̃ʊ̃	*-sʊ̃lʊ̃	ɛ-sʊ̃nʊ̃
water	*-ju	*-cu	n-su
abstain	*-gili	*-kili	-ciri
female genitals	*-gʷɛ	*-kʷɛ	ɛ-cʷɛ
life	*-gʷã	*-kʷã	ŋ-kʷã
pull	*-gʷĩ	*-kʷĩ	-cʷĩ
log, especially as bridge	*-gʷĩl̃ĩ	*-kʷĩl̃ĩ	ɛ-cʷĩnĩ
become cooked	*-ɓɪnɪ̃	*-bɪnĩ	-bĩŋ
dirt, excrement	*-ɓinĩ	*-binĩ	e-bĩŋ
stone	*-ɓʊ	*-bʊ	ɔ-bʊ
hit	*-ɓʊlʊ	*-bʊlʊ
clay for pottery	*-ɓʊ	*-bʊ
break, snap (tr.)	*-ɓu	*-bu	-bu
me	*-mɪ̃	*-mĩ
swallow	*-mĩl̃ĩ	*-mĩl̃ĩ
throat, gullet	*-mĩl̃ĩ	*-mĩl̃ĩ	-mĩnĩ
become full	*-mĩʋ̃ĩ	*-mĩʋ̃ĩ	-mĩm
you (pl.)	*-mʋ̃	*-mʋ̃	-mʋ̃
madness	*-ɗa	*-da	da
lie down	*-ɗa	*-da	-da
sleep	*-ɗa	*-da	-da
today	*-d̚ɛ	*-ɗɛ	n-nɛ
eat	*-dí	*-di	-di
heavy	-ɗulu	*-dulu	-duru
become extinguished, extinguish	*-ɗumũ	*-dumũ	dũm
four	-nã	*-nã	a-nã
defecate	-nĩ	*-nĩ	-nĩ
drink	-nʊ̃	*-nʊ̃	-nʊ
mouth	*-nʊ̃	*-nʊ̃	a-nʊ̃
mother of someone other than the speaker	*-nĩ	*-nĩ	o-nĩ
song	*-ʝemĩ	*-jomĩ	e-jʷom
name	*-ʝinĩ	*-jinĩ	e-jĩŋ
God	*-ɲɜ̃ʋ̃ĩ	*-ɲĩãʋ̃ĩ	-ɲⁱãmĩ
become pregnant	*-nĩʋ̃ĩ	*-ɲĩʋ̃ĩ	-ɲĩm (Fante)
eye	*-ɲĩ	*-ɲĩ	ɜ-nĩ
bathe	*-gʷialɪ	*-gʷⁱarɪ
fall	*-gʷu	*-gʷu	-gu
become soft	*-gʷoli	*-gʷoli	-gurow
bear (child)	*-ɯʊ	*-ɯʊ	wʊ
honey	*-ŋʊ̃	*-ɯ̃ʊ̃	-wʊ
stick to	-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ	*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ	-fãm
become starved	*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ	*-ʋ̃ãʋ̃ĩ	-fãm
follow	*-ʋ̃ã	*-ʋ̃ã	-fã (Fante)
become too difficult for	-*ʋ̃ĩʋ̃ĩ	*-ʋ̃ĩʋ̃ĩ	-fĩm
make a mistake	*-ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃	*-ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃ʋ̃	-fʋ̃m
abdomen	*-lã	*-lã	-ya-
look after (child)	*-lɛ̃lĩ	*-lɛnĩ.	-yɛŋ
watch	*-lɔ̃lĩ	*-lɔnĩ	-yʷɛŋ
weave	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	-ɲʷĩnĩ
bitterness	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	-ɲʷĩnĩ
cold	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	-ɲʷĩnĩ
shadow	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	o-ɲʷĩnĩ
become cold	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	*-lʋ̃lʋ̃	-ɲʷĩnĩ
moon	*-ɯ̃ɛ̃lĩ	*-hɛnĩ	ɛ-ɕɛŋ
white	*-ɯ̃ɛ̃lĩ	*-hɛnĩ	-ɕɛŋ
chief	*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ	*-ħĩlĩ	ɔ-ħĩnĩ
body	*-ɯ̃ʊ̃	*-ħʊ̃	ɛ-ħʊ̃
shut	*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ	*-ħĩl̃ĩ	-ħĩnĩ
open	*-ɯ̃ĩlĩ	*-ħĩlĩ	-ħĩɛ̃
snake	*-w̃ɔ̃	*-wɔ	ɔ-wɔ
nose	*-w̃ĩlĩ	*-ħʷĩlĩ	ɛ-ħʷĩnĩ
hair	*-w̃ĩ	*-ħʷĩ	ŋ-ħʷĩ

References

^ Stewart, John M. 2004. The Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu reconstrucions updated. Manuscript.
^ su: 'water'

Vocabulary lists of African languages
Nilo-Saharan
Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilo-Saharan • p-Nilotic (p-E. Nilotic • p-S. Nilotic) • p-Surmic • NE Sudanic • p-Nubian • Nara • p-Daju • p-Jebel • Temein • Central Sudanic (p-Central Sudanic • p-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi • Sinyar • Birri • p-Mangbetu) • p-Kuliak (Ik) • Kadu • Berta • Kunama • Gumuz • p-Koman • Gule • Amdang • Mimi-D • p-Maban • Mimi-N • Kanuri • p-Songhay • Tadaksahak
Niger-Congo
p-Niger-Congo • p-Atlantic-Congo • p-Benue-Congo • p-Grassfields • p-Ring • Momo • Tivoid • Ekoid • Beboid • Bendi • p-Bantu (Swadesh list) • p-Kongo • p-Jukunoid • p-Plateau (p-Tarokoid) • p-N. Jos • p-Fali • p-Yoruboid • Olukumi • p-Edoid • p-Akokoid • p-Igboid • Akpes • Ayere-Ahan • p-Upper Cross River • p-Lower Cross River • Anaang • p-Ogoni • p-Ukaan • p-Nupoid • Oko • p-Idomoid • p-Ijaw • Defaka • p-Gbe (Fongbe) • p-Potou-Akanic • p-Mumuye • p-Jen • Yendang • Tula-Waja • p-Lakka • p-Bua • Kim • p-Central Togo • p-Guang • p-Gurunsi • p-Oti-Volta (p-E. Oti-Volta • p-C. Oti-Volta) • Tiefo • Natioro • Bariba • p-Gbaya • Dogon • p-Mande (p-W. Mande • p-Mandekan • p-Niger-Volta • p-S. Mande) • Atlantic (Guinea) • p-Fula-Sereer • p-Cangin • p-Manjaku • Bijogo • p-Talodi • p-Heiban • p-Katloid • Rashad • Lafofa
Afroasiatic
p-Afroasiatic • p-Chadic • p-Ron • p-North Bauchi • p-South Bauchi • South Bauchi • p-Central Chadic • p-Masa • Kujarge • p-Cushitic • p-Agaw • p-Omotic • p-Aroid • p-Maji • Mao • p-Semitic
Khoisan
Khoisan • p-Khoe • p-Central Khoisan • p-Tuu •
Language isolates
Bangime • Jalaa • Laal • Ongota • Shabo • Sandawe • Hadza
Others
p-Niger-Saharan

[1] Stewart, John M. 2004. The Proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu reconstrucions updated. Manuscript.

[2] su: 'water'

Appendix:Proto-Potou-Akanic reconstructions

Stewart (2004)

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia