上下

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Chinese

up; on; on top
up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
 
simp. and trad.
(上下)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation


Noun

上下

  1. high and low
  2. from top to bottom
  3. up and down
  4. old and young
  5. relative superiority or inferiority
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation


Noun

上下

  1. (after round numbers) thereabouts; neighbourhood; about; or so
    Synonym: 左右 (zuǒyòu)
    上下上下  ―  liǎng nián shàngxià  ―  two years or so

Adverb

上下

  1. (Cantonese) almost; about to

Etymology 3

Pronunciation


Verb

上下

  1. to go up and down
  2. (Meixian Hakka) to have contact with; to have dealings with
  3. (Taiwanese Hakka) to pass by
Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (上下):

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
あ(がり)
Grade: 1
お(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of ()がり (agari, rising, going up, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()がる (agaru, to rise, to go up)) + () (ori, descending, going down, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()りる (oriru, to descend, to go down)).[1][2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(あがり)(おり) (agariori

  1. ascending and descending, ascent and descent

Verb

(あがり)(さがり)する (agarisagari surusuru (stem (あがり)(さがり) (agarisagari shi), past (あがり)(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to go up and go down

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
あ(がり)
Grade: 1
さ(がり)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of ()がり (agari, rising, going up, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()がる (agaru, to rise, to go up)) + ()がり (sagari, coming down, hanging down, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()がる (sagaru, to come down, to hang down)).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(あがり)(さがり) (agarisagari

  1. rise and fall, fluctuation (as a level of something, such as a price)

Verb

(あがり)(さがり)する (agarisagari surusuru (stem (あがり)(さがり) (agarisagari shi), past (あがり)(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

  1. to rise and fall, to fluctuate (as a level of something, such as a price)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
あ(げ)
Grade: 1
お(ろし)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, raising, lifting up, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下ろし (oroshi, lowering, bringing down, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下ろす orosu, “to lower something, to bring something down”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(あげ)(おろし) (ageoroshi

  1. raising and lowering of something
  2. loading and unloading (as of the cargo in a ship)
  3. weaving on a loom (from the way the warp is raised and lowered)
Idioms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
あ(げ)
Grade: 1
くだ(し)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, raising, lifting up, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下だし (kudashi, putting something down; passing something through one's gut, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下す kudasu, “to put something down; to pass something through one's gut”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(あげ)(くだし) (agekudashi

  1. bringing something back up and passing something → vomiting and having diarrhea

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
あ(げ)
Grade: 1
さ(げ)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上げ (age, raising, lifting up, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下げ (sage, lowering something, hanging something down, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下げる sageru, “to lower something, to hang something down”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(あげ)(さげ) (agesage

  1. raising and lowering of something
  2. (more specifically) the raising and lowering of prices
  3. praising and berating someone
  4. good times and bad times, thick and thin, ups and downs
  5. the start and finish of something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
  6. the ebb and flow of the tides
Idioms

Verb

(あげ)(さげ)する (agesage surusuru (stem (あげ)(さげ) (agesage shi), past (あげ)(さげ)した (agesage shita))

  1. to raise and lower something
  2. (more specifically) to raise and lower prices
  3. to praise and berate someone
  4. to start and finish something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
  5. to ebb and flow, such as the tides

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
うえ
Grade: 1
した
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of (ue, up) +‎ (shita, down).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(うえ)(した) (ueshitaうへした (ufesita)?

  1. up and down, the upper and the lower
  2. the nobility and the commoners
  3. (in reference to western-style clothing) upper clothing (such as shirts and jackets) and lower clothing (such as trousers and socks)
  4. outerwear and underwear
  5. upside-down
Idioms
Synonyms

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
かみ
Grade: 1
しも
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of (kami, up, upper; first) +‎ (shimo, down, lower; last).[1][2]

Pronunciation 1

Noun

(かみ)(しも) (kamishimo

  1. the upper and the lower
    1. (more specifically) upstream and downstream
    2. (more specifically) upstage and downstage
    3. (more specifically) high status and low status
    4. (more specifically) the city and the countryside
    5. (more specifically) the upper body and the lower body
    6. (more specifically) the first three lines and the last two lines of a traditional waka poem
    7. (more specifically) the first half the last half of a month
  2. various things

Pronunciation 2

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
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Alternative forms
Noun

(かみ)(しも) (kamishimo

  1. (traditional Japanese clothing) the robe and hakama as a set
  2. (by extension) extreme formality

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
か(り)
Grade: 1
め(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上り (kari, rising in tone, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上る karu, “to rise in tone”) +‎ 下り (meri, falling in tone, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下る meru, “to fall in tone”).[1]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(かり)(めり) (karimeri

  1. (music) a rise in tone and a fall in tone

Verb

(かり)(めり)する (karimeri surusuru (stem (かり)(めり) (karimeri shi), past (かり)(めり)した (karimeri shita))

  1. (music) to rise and fall in tone

Etymology 9

Kanji in this term
しょう
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
on'yomi

/ɕauka//ɕɔːka//ɕoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangHX, literally up and down). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng6 haa6 or Hakka song-ha.

The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

(しょう)() (shōkaしやうか (syauka)?

  1. up and down
  2. the upper and the lower (especially, the rulers and the ruled)
  3. rising and falling
  4. an exchange of opinions

Verb

(しょう)()する (shōka suruしやうか (syauka)?suru (stem (しょう)() (shōka shi), past (しょう)()した (shōka shita))

  1. to rise and fall
  2. to exchange opinions

Etymology 10

Kanji in this term
じょう
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
on'yomi

/d͡ʑauka//d͡ʑɔːka//d͡ʑoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangHX, literally up and down). Compare modern Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

A mixed reading, using the goon of and the kan'on of ka.

Pronunciation

Noun

(じょう)() (jōkaじやうか (zyauka)?

  1. up and down
  2. high grade and low grade
  3. the upper and lower houses of the Diet or parliament
  4. ascending and descending, climbing up and climbing down

Verb

(じょう)()する (jōka suruじやうか (zyauka)?suru (stem (じょう)() (jōka shi), past (じょう)()した (jōka shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to climb up and climb down

Etymology 11

Kanji in this term
じょう
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
on'yomi

/d͡ʑauɡe//d͡ʑɔːɡe//d͡ʑoːɡe/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyangHX, literally up and down). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng6 haa6, Hakka song-ha, or Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

(じょう)() (jōgeじやうげ (zyauge)?

  1. the high and the low, the upper and the lower
  2. (clothing) a suit, a set of clothing consisting of garments for the upper and lower body
  3. rising and falling, ascent and descent
  4. the city and the country (the city is considered “up”)
  5. north and south (north is considered “up”)
  6. volumes one and two of a two-volume book or other document
  7. roundtrip travel on a river, going both upstream and downstream
  8. high rank and low rank
  9. the nobility and the commoners
  10. the lord and the ministers
  11. the old and the young
  12. an exchange of words, a discussion, question and answer
Synonyms
Derived terms

Verb

(じょう)()する (jōge suruじやうげ (zyauge)?suru (stem (じょう)() (jōge shi), past (じょう)()した (jōge shita))

  1. to rise and fall, to ascend and descend
  2. to travel roundtrip on a river, going both upstream and downstream
  3. to exchange words, to discuss, to question and answer

Etymology 12

Kanji in this term
のぼ(り)
Grade: 1
お(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, climbing, going up, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (ori, descending, going down, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下りる oriru, “to descend, to go down”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(のぼり)(おり) (noboriori

  1. ascending and descending, climbing and coming back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Verb

(のぼり)(おり)する (noboriori surusuru (stem (のぼり)(おり) (noboriori shi), past (のぼり)(おり)した (noboriori shita))

  1. to ascend and descend, to climb and come back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Etymology 13

Kanji in this term
のぼ(り)
Grade: 1
くだ(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, climbing, going up, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (kudari, descending, coming down, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 下る kudaru, “to descend a path, to come down a path”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(のぼり)(くだり) (noborikudari

  1. climbing up and climbing down (particularly as of a person or path travelling or moving up and down, such as a road going uphill and downhill in the mountains)
  2. going upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

Verb

(のぼり)(くだり)する (noborikudari surusuru (stem (のぼり)(くだり) (noborikudari shi), past (のぼり)(くだり)した (noborikudari shita))

  1. to climb up and climb down
  2. to go upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN