茹

茹 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿女口 (TVR), four-corner 4446₀, composition ⿱艹如)

1. roots
2. vegetables
3. eat
4. to bear; withstand

• 𣺾, 𦷸

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1029, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30921
• Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3211, character 11
• Unihan data for U+8339

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas): semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant.

Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnək^D 'to swallow'.

茹

1. to eat

   • 未有火化，食草木之實，鳥獸之肉，飲其血，茹其毛。
     未有火化，食草木之实，鸟兽之肉，饮其血，茹其毛。

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Wèi yǒu huǒhuà, shí cǎomù zhī shí, niǎoshòu zhī ròu, yǐn qí xuè, rú qí máo.

     They knew not yet the transforming power of fire, but ate the fruits of plants and trees, and the flesh of birds and beasts, drinking their blood, and swallowing (also) the hair and feathers.

   • 舜之飯糗茹草也，若將終身焉。
     舜之饭糗茹草也，若将终身焉。

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shùn zhī fàn qiǔ rú cǎo yě, ruò jiāng zhōngshēn yān.

     Shun's manner of eating his parched grain and consuming herbs was as if he were to be doing so all his life.

2. (literary) to bear

   含辛茹苦  ―  hánxīnrúkǔ  ―  to suffer hardships

   • 有詩賦銘誄書表啟疏二十卷，吾兄弟始在草土，並未得編次，便遭火盪盡，竟不傳於世。銜酷茹恨，徹於心髓！
     有诗赋铭诔书表启疏二十卷，吾兄弟始在草土，并未得编次，便遭火荡尽，竟不传于世。衔酷茹恨，彻于心髓！

     From: Yan Zhitui, The Family Instructions of Master Yan, 6^th century CE

     Yǒu shīfù mínglěi shū biǎo qǐ shū èrshí juǎn, wú xiōngdì shǐ zài cǎotǔ, bìng wèi dé biāncì, biàn zāo huǒ dàng jìn, jìng bù chuán yú shì. Xián kù rú hèn, chè yú xīnsuǐ!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (literary) to guess

   • 我心匪鑒，不可以茹。
     我心匪鉴，不可以茹。

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wǒ xīn fěi jiàn, bù kěyǐ rú.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (literary) soft

   • 攬茹蕙以掩涕兮，霑余襟之浪浪。
     揽茹蕙以掩涕兮，沾余襟之浪浪。

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Lǎn rú huì yǐ yǎn tì xī, zhān yú jīn zhī lànglàng.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. (literary) corrupted
6. (literary) vegetables

   • 秋黃之蘇，白露之茹。
     秋黄之苏，白露之茹。

     From: c. 2nd century CE, 枚乘, 七發

     Qiūhuáng zhī sū, báilù zhī rú.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

7. a surname
8. (organic chemistry) rubicene

• “茹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to boil
2. to seethe

• Go-on: にょ (nyo)
• Kan-on: じょ (jo)
• Kun: ゆでる (yuderu, 茹でる)、くう (kuu, 茹う)
• Nanori: かやね (kayane)

茹 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

茹: Hán Việt readings: như, nhự
茹: Nôm readings: nhà, nhờ, nhựa, nhừa, nhu

1. chữ Nôm form of nhà (“home”)