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羨 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
羨 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
羨 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
羨 you have here. The definition of the word
羨 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
羨 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊 +7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO ), four-corner 80182 , composition ⿱𦍌 㳄 )
Derived characters
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 952 , character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
Unihan data for U+7FA8
Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ): 羊 ( “ sheep ” ) + 㳄 ( “ saliva ” ) – to envy.
羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).
The Kangxi Dictionary , following 《佩觿》 , enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡 , separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten , but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》 :
羨 ,貪欲 也 ,今 經典 往往 作 羡 。郭忠恕《佩觿》分 羨 、羡 爲 二 字 。羡 ,以 脂 翻 ,江夏 地名 ;羨 ,似 面 翻 ,慕 也 。非 也 ,字書 無 从 次 之 字 ,惟 一 字 而 數 音 耳 。 羡 ,贪欲 也 ,今 经典 往往 作 羡 。郭忠恕《佩觿》分 羡 、羡 为 二 字 。羡 ,以 脂 翻 ,江夏 地名 ;羡 ,似 面 翻 ,慕 也 。非 也 ,字书 无 从 次 之 字 ,惟 一 字 而 数 音 耳 。 From: 《說文解字羣經正字》 , quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡 . Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. 羨 , meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu 's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡 , fanqie 以脂 , name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨 , fanqie 似面 , to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.
Etymology 1
Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la , “surplus”) (Wang, 1982 ; Schuessler, 2007 ). If true, then Vietnamese ghen with velar initial cannot be its descendant (as proposed by Baxter & Sagart, 2014 ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : xiàn (xian4 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄒㄧㄢˋ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : xian4
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : sin6
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : lhun5
Gan (Wiktionary ) : xien5
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : sien
(Hailu , HRS ) : sienˇ
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : xiên3
Jin (Wiktionary ) : xie3
Northern Min (KCR ) : sīng
Eastern Min (BUC ) : siêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing ): eng4
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : siān / siǎn / soān / soan
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : iang6 / iêng6
Wu (Shanghai , Wugniu ) : 6 zhi
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : sienn4
Note :
Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
siān - literary;
soān - vernacular.
surname:
siān - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
soān - Zhangzhou;
soan - Taiwan.
Note :
iang6 - Shantou;
iêng6 - Chaozhou.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
羨
羨
Reading #
1/3
2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
xiàn
xiàn
Middle Chinese
‹ zjenH ›
‹ zjenH ›
Old Chinese
/*s-N-qa-s/
/*s-a-s/
English
covet, desire
surplus, affluence
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
羨
Reading #
2/3
No.
13574
Phonetic component
羨
Rime group
元
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
羡
Old Chinese
/*ljans/
Notes
㳄 字 轉 註
Definitions
羨
to envy ; to admire
( literary ) surplus
四方 有 羨 ,我 獨 居 憂 。 四方 有 羡 ,我 独 居 忧 。 From: The Classic of Poetry , c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionSìfāng yǒu xiàn , wǒ dú jū yōu. (please add an English translation of this quotation)
子 不 通功易事 ,以 羨 補 不足 ,則 農 有 餘 粟 ,女 有 餘 布 。 子 不 通功易事 ,以 羡 补 不足 ,则 农 有 余 粟 ,女 有 余 布 。 From: The Classic of Poetry , c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionZǐ bù tōnggōngyìshì, yǐ xiàn bǔ bùzú, zé nóng yǒu yú sù, nǚ yǒu yú bù. If you do not have an intercommunication of the productions of labour, and an interchange of men's services, so that one from his overplus may supply the deficiency of another, then husbandmen will have a superfluity of grain, and women will have a superfluity of cloth.
( literary ) to exceed
( obsolete ) crooked ; evil
10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏 )
a surname
Compounds
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
羨
Reading #
1/3
No.
13573
Phonetic component
羨
Rime group
歌
Rime subdivision
3
Corresponding MC rime
姨
Old Chinese
/*lel/
Notes
沙 羨 漢 縣
Definitions
羨
only used in 沙羨 / 沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
羨
Reading #
3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
yán
Middle Chinese
‹ yen ›
Old Chinese
/*a/
English
extend; go forward
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
羨
Reading #
3/3
No.
13575
Phonetic component
羨
Rime group
元
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese
/*lans/
Notes
予 原 作 於 ,依 唐 韻 改
Definitions
羨
alternative form of 延 ( yán , “ to invite ; to engage ” )
alternative form of 埏 ( “ tomb passage ” )
References
“羨 ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) , 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong ), 2014–
李如龙 , 刘福铸 , 吴华英 , 黄国城 (2019 ) “羡 ”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press , →ISBN , page 214 .
Japanese
Kanji
羨
(Jōyō kanji )
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
Readings
Compounds
羨( うらや ) ましい ( urayamashii ) : jealous, envious
羨( うらや ) む ( urayamu ) : to be jealous, to be envious
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC zjenH ).
Pronunciation
(SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : Phonetic hangul: Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource
羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 ( bureowohal seon ) )
hanja form? of 선 ( “ envy ; envious ” )
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC yenH ).
Pronunciation
Hanja
羨 (eumhun 무덤 길 연 ( mudeomgil yeon ) )
hanja form? of 연 ( “ road to a grave ” )
Compounds
References
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 .