User:Benwing2/confer-etymology

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  • Page 1745 bunk: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Sense of sleeping berth possibly from Scottish English {{m|en|bunker||seat, bench}}, origin is uncertain but possibly Scandinavian. Confer Old Swedish {{m|gmq-osw|bunke||boards used to protect the cargo of a ship}}. See also {{m|en|boarding}}, {{m|en|flooring}} and confer {{m|en|bunch}}.

  • Page 2410 advice: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} From {{inh|en|enm|avys}}, from {{der|en|fro|avis}}, from the phrase ce m'est a vis ("in my view"), where {{m|fro|vis}} is from {{der|en|la|visus}}, past participle of {{m|la|videre||to see}}. See {{m|en|vision}}, and confer {{m|en|avise}}, {{m|en|advise}}. The unhistoric -d- was introduced in English 15c. {{doublet|en|aviso}}.

  • Page 2749 om: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

Confer with {{cog|non|ómun|g=f||voice}}.

  • Page 4367 fly: Found match for regex: Etymology 5===

{{root|nn|ine-pro|*plewk-}} Confer with {{m|nn|flye|g=n||flying insect}} and {{cog|en|fly}}.

  • Page 4970 arid: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂eHs-}} From {{der|en|fr|aride}} or directly from {{der|en|la|āridus||dry, arid, parched}}, confer its synonymous contracted form {{m|la|ardus}}. Originally from the verb {{m|la|āreo||I am dry, I am parched}}, akin to {{m|la|ārdeō||I am on fire, I burn}}.

  • Page 10216 女: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

{{etymid|ja|omina}} {{ja-kanjitab|おみな|yomi=k}}

{{IPAfont|⟨womi<sub>1</sub>na⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/womʲina/}} → {{IPAchar|/omina/}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=おみな|-}}.

The initial {{IPAchar|/wo/}} expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with {{IPAchar|/o/}} "grown, old" (as in {{m|ja|嫗|tr=omina||] woman}}), while the medial {{IPAchar|/mi/}} is cognate with {{m|ja||女|tr=me|], ]|pos=see below}}. According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic {{IPAchar|/e/}} became Old Japanese {{IPAchar|}} in final position and {{IPAchar|}} elsewhere; analogous with PJ {{IPAchar|/o/}}, which became OJ {{IPAchar|}} in final position and {{IPAchar|}} elsewhere (though PJ {{IPAchar|/i/}} and {{IPAchar|/u/}} also existed, confer {{w|Old Japanese}} {{ja-l|火}}'s two readings {{IPAchar|/po/}} & {{IPAchar|/pu/}} in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).

  • Page 14101 格: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===
“to go; to come; to arrive”
Possibly cognate to {{cog|bo|འགྲོ་བ།||to go, walk, travel}}, {{m|bo|འགྲོ་བ་པོ||traveler}}, {{m|bo|འགྲོན་པ||to go, travel}}, {{m|bo|མགྲོན||guest}}, {{m|bo|མགྲོན་ཁང||inn}} ({{zh-ref|Geilich, 1994}}). If so, from {{der|zh|sit-pro|*grwat||to go through, to travel}}. However, STEDT does not compare this to Tibeto-Burman lexical items under {{m|sit-pro|*grwat}}.
{{zh-ref|Baxter (1992)}} proposes that this is related to {{och-l|路|road}}. Confer {{och-l|客|guest, visitor}}, {{och-l|旅|travel, lodge}}, and {{och-l|行|to go}}
  • Page 17254 班: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*(b/p)ral||to leave, depart, separate}} (STEDT). Cognate with {{cog|bo|བྲལ་བ་||to be separated}}, {{m|bo|tr='phral.ba|t=to cause to be separated, to separate}}, {{cog|mxj|phɑ̆l⁵³||to pull (weeds)}}, {{m|mxj|phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵||to collapse}}, {{cog|tdh|phal si-||to collapse}}, {{cog|my|ပြား||various}}, {{cog|kac|pə³¹-ran³¹}}.

{{zh-ref|Karlgren (1933)}} grouped {{och-l|班}}, {{och-l|半}}, and {{och-l|釆}} (OC *brens) into one word family.

{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as {{cog|km|រាល|t=to spread, extend, distribute}} and {{cog|km|ព្រាល|t=to spread}} with causative prefix *{{IPAfont|p-}}.

  • Page 17835 eng: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Probably from {{der|en|nl|eng||narrow}}, also confer {{der|en|ang|enge||narrow}}, from {{der|en|gmw-pro|*angī}}, ultimately from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*anguz}}.

  • Page 22699 eve: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|nn|non|efa}}, {{m|nn|ifa}}. Confer also with earlier {{m|nn|ivast}}.

  • Page 27803 na: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh-lite|nn|non|hana}}, the accusative form of {{m-lite|non|hon||she}}. Confer with {{cog-lite|sv|na}}. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be {{m-lite|nb|henne}}, and either {{m-lite|nn|ho}} or {{m-lite|nn|henne}} in Norwegian Nynorsk.

  • Page 27805 ar: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

{{etymid|ang|brass}} {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|inh=1}} From {{inh-lite|ang|gmw-pro|sc=Latinx|*aiʀ}}.

Cognate with {{cog-lite|non|eir||brass, copper}}, {{cog-lite|de|ehern||of metal, of iron}}, {{cog-lite|got|sc=Goth|𐌰𐌹𐌶||tr=aiz|ore}}, from {{inh-lite|ang|ine-pro|sc=Latinx|*áyos|*áyos, h₂éyos}}. Compare {{cog-lite|nl|oer||iron-holding earth}}. Confer {{cog-lite|la|aes||bronze, copper}}, {{cog-lite|ae|sc=Avst|𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵|tr=aiiah}}, {{cog-lite|sa|sc=Deva|अयस्||tr=áyas|copper, iron}}.

  • Page 28810 鳥: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Originally pronounced with a {{IPAchar|/t-/}} initial (compare {{och-l|島|island}}). In many dialects, it changed to a {{IPAchar|/n-/}} initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word {{zh-l|屌|penis}}, which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare {{zh-l|*雀|sparrow > penis}} and {{zh-l|*雞|chicken > penis}}.

Alternatively, {{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} hypothesised that the {{IPAchar|/n-/}} initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the {{IPAchar|/t-/}} form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; confer {{cog|tai-pro|*C̬.nokᴰ||bird}}, whence {{cog|th|นก}}.

  • Page 29881 alter: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₂élteros||the other of two}}. Akin to {{m|la|alius}}. Confer with {{m|la|ulter}}.

  • Page 33058 lust: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*lewH-|*-tus}} From {{inh|en|enm|lust}}, from {{inh|en|ang|lust|t=lust, pleasure, longing}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*lustuz}}. Akin to {{cog|osx|-}}, {{cog|nl|lust}}, {{cog|ofs|-}}, {{cog|goh|-}}, {{cog|de|Lust}}, {{cog|sv|lust}}, {{cog|da|lyst}}, {{cog|is|lyst}}, {{cog|non|losti}}, {{cog|got|𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃}}, and perhaps to {{cog|sa|लष्}}, {{m|sa|लषति|t=to desire}} and {{cog|sq|lushë|t=bitch, savage dog, promiscuous woman}}, or to {{cog|en|loose}}. Confer {{m|en|list|t=to please}}, {{m|en|listless}}.

  • Page 33143 sum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*h₁es-|*bʰuH-}} The present stem is from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*ezom}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₁ésmi|t=I am, I exist}}. Although *ezom is traditionally reconstructed with voiced -z-, this Latin verb lacked regular rhotacism as in expected *erum, and instead the first vowel of the intermediate forms {{m|la|esum}} and {{m|la|esom}} was deleted. Cognates include {{cog|grc|εἰμί}}, {{cog|sa|अस्मि|tr=ásmi}}, {{cog|fa|هستم|tr=hastam}} {{cog|xfa|𐌄𐌔𐌞}}, {{cog|ang|eom}} ({{cog|en|am}}).

The perfect stem is from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*fuiō|*(fe)fūai}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*bʰúHt|t=to become, be}} (whence also {{m|la|fīō|t=to become, to be made}}, and future and imperfect inflections {{m|la|-bō}}, {{m|la|-bam}}). Confer also the etymology at {{m|la|fore}}.

  • Page 34596 nympha: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|grc|νύμφη||bride, nymph}}. Confer with Latin {{m|la|lympha}}.

  • Page 34899 affair: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|afere}}, {{m|enm|affere}}, from {{der|en|fro|afaire}}, from {{m|fro|a-}} + {{m|fro|faire||to do}}, from {{der|en|la|ad-}} + {{m|la|facere||to do}}. See fact, and confer ado.

  • Page 35424 Lombard: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|Lombard}}, {{m|enm|Lumbard}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|Lombard}}, {{m|fro|Lombart|t=a Lombard}}, from {{der|en|LL.|langobardus}}, {{m|la|longobardus|t=a Lombard}}, from {{der|en|gem}}, derived from the {{der|en|gem-pro|-}} elements {{com|gem-pro|*langaz|*bardaz|nocat=1}}; equivalent to {{com|en|long|beard|nocat=1}}. Some sources derive the second element instead from {{der|en|gem-pro|*bardǭ}}, {{m|gem-pro|*barduz|t=axe}}, related to {{cog|de|Barte|t=axe}}. {{doublet|en|Langobard}}. Compare {{m|en|longbeard}}. Confer with {{der|en|ang|Longbeard|t=Lombard}}.

  • Page 38523 lo: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Confer with {{cog-lite|is|ló}}. May have something to do with {{cog-lite|non|lagðr}}.

  • Page 38899 nomen: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{inh|nn|non|numinn}}, past participle of {{m|non|nema}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|nummen}}.

  • Page 39415 antique: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|fr|fro|antique}}, from {{m|fro|antic}}, borrowed from {{bor|fr|la|antīquus}}. Confer also the inherited {{cog|fro|antive}}, from the Latin feminine {{m|la|antīqua}}, which analogically influenced a masculine form {{m|fro|antif}} (compare a similar occurrence in {{cog|es|antiguo}}).

  • Page 40987 serwer: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|kmr|ine-pro|*ḱerh₂-}} Confer {{cog|fa|سرور|tr=sarvar||master}} and {{cog|ckb|سەروەر||lord, master}}.

  • Page 41072 tata: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

Probably ultimately from {{onomatopoeic|en|title=baby-talk}} and related to {{m|en|teat}}, {{m|en|tit}}. Possibly borrowed through {{bor|en|fr|tette}}, of {{der|en|gem|-}} origin, and/or {{der|en|ang|titt|}}. Confer Dutch {{m|nl|tiet}} and German {{m|de|Zitze}}.

  • Page 41988 lapis: Found match for regex: Etymology===

May be connected with {{cog|grc|λέπας||bare rock, crag}}, either from {{der|la|ine-pro|*lep-||to peel}} (confer with {{m|la|secō}} – {{m|la|saxum}}; {{m|la|rumpō}} – {{m|la|rupēs}}) or, more likely, a Mediterranean {{der|la|qfa-sub}} language.

  • Page 42516 alienate: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|alienat}}, from {{der|en|la|aliēnātus}}, perfect passive participle of {{m|la|aliēnō||alienate, estrange}}, from {{m|la|aliēnus}}. See {{m|en|alien}}, and confer {{m|en|aliene}}.

  • Page 42995 lank: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|lank}}, from {{inh|en|ang|hlanc}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*hlank}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*hlankaz|t=lank, thin}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*kleng-|t=to bend, turn, wind, twist}}; confer {{cog|de|lenken|t=to turn}}, {{m|de|Gelenk|t=joint}}, {{cog|goh|hlanca|t=hip, side, flank}}, and {{cog|en|link}} {{q|of a chain}}.

  • Page 43554 tam: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*sei}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*téh₂m}}, accusative of {{m|ine-pro|*séh₂}}, feminine of {{m|ine-pro|*só}}. Confer with its masculine form {{cog|la|tum}}, as in {{m|la|cum}}-{{m|la|quam}}.

  • Page 44660 id: Found match for regex: Etymology 4===

From {{inh|nn|non|ið}}, {{m|non|íð}}. Confer with Swedish {{m|sv|id}}.

  • Page 44862 delegation: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*leǵ-}} Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|delegatio|dēlēgātiō, dēlēgātiōnis}}, from {{m|la|dēlēgō}}: confer {{cog|fr|délégation}}.

  • Page 47970 Baldur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|Baldr}}, from the adjective {{m|non|baldr||brave}}, confer the Icelandic adjective {{m|is|baldur||bold}}.

  • Page 48059 canto: Found match for regex: Etymology 3===

Documented already in {{inh|gl|la|-}} as {{m|la|canthus|t=metal tire}}, voice that was interpreted as Hispanic or African by {{w|Quintilian}}; in that case, from a hypothetical {{der|gl|cel-pro|*kantos}} (confer {{cog|cy|cant|t=rim}}). Otherwise {{cog|la|canthus}} could perhaps come from {{der|gl|grc|κανθός|t=corner of the eye}}.

  • Page 48583 merle: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|en|enm|merle}}, from {{der|en|fro|merle}} ({{cog|fr|merle}}), from {{der|en|la|merula|t=blackbird}} (whence the directly borrowed {{cog|enm|merule}}, and compare the taxonomic name Turdus merula), from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂mes-||black, blackbird}}. Confer {{cog|br|moualch||ouzel}}, {{cog|cy|mwyalch||blackbird, thrush}}. Distantly related to the synonymous {{m|en|ouzel}}.

  • Page 48916 soy: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|txb|ine-pro|*suHyús}}. Cognate with {{cog|xto|se}}, {{cog|xcl|ուստր}} and {{cog|grc|υἱύς}}. Confer also the diminituve form {{m|txb|soṃśke}} reflecting the alternative Proto-Indo-European root for "son".

  • Page 50141 lest: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{inh|nn|non|lest|g=f}}, from either {{der|nn|ang|hlæst}}, {{der|nn|ofs|hlest}}{{,}} or {{der|nn|gml|last}}. In any case, from {{der|nn|gem-pro|*hlastuz}} and {{doublet|nn|last}} {{g|m}}.

  • Page 53297 denique: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|dē}}. Confer with {{m|la|dēmum}}.

  • Page 53596 pray: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*preḱ-}} From {{inh|en|enm|preien}}, from {{uder|en|xno|preier}}, from {{der|en|fro|preier}}, {{m|fro|proier}}, (French {{m|fr|prier}}), from from {{der|en|la|precor|precārī}}, from {{m|la|prex}}, {{m|la|precis||a prayer, a request}}, from {{der|en|itc-pro|*preks}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*preḱ-||to ask, woo}}.

Cognate via Indo-European of Old English {{m|ang|frignan}}, {{m|ang|fricgan}}, German {{m|de|fragen}}, Dutch {{m|nl|vragen}}. Confer {{m|en|deprecate}}, {{m|en|imprecate}}, {{m|en|precarious}}.

  • Page 53804 ide: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{inh|nn|non|iða}}. Confer also with {{cog|is|iða}}.

  • Page 56175 ubi: Found match for regex: Etymology===

For {{m|la|cubī}} with iambic shortening, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*kʷudʰei}} or {{m|ine-pro|*kʷobʰí}} (when compared with Hittite ku-wa-pi), from pronominal root {{m|ine-pro|*kʷos}}, {{m|ine-pro|*kʷis}} + {{m|ine-pro|*dʰe|*-dʰi|locative suffix}}. Confer {{cog|grc|πόθι}}. See also the same meanings in {{m|la|quō}}.

  • Page 56352 basilica: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Borrowed from {{bor|la|grc|βασιλική}}, from {{m|grc|βασιλικὴ ]/]|t=royal hall}}, from {{m|grc|βασιλικός||regal}}, from {{m|grc|βασιλεύς||king, chief}}. Confer with {{m|la|rēgia}} and see also {{m|la|palatium}}, {{m|la|aula}}.

  • Page 57202 mysticism: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{suffix|en|mystic|ism}}, from {{der|en|fro|mistique|t=mysterious, full of mystery}}, from {{der|en|la|mysticus|t=mystical, mystic, of secret rites}}, from {{der|en|grc|μυστικός||secret, mystic}}, from {{m|grc|μύστης|t=one who has been initiated, initiate}} from {{m|grc|μῡ́ω||to close one's lips or eyes; initiate into the mysteries}}. Confer {{cog|ast|misticismu}}, {{cog|ca|misticisme}}, {{cog|fr|mysticisme}}, {{cog|de|Mystizismus}}, {{cog|it|misticismo}}, {{cog|pt|misticismo}}, {{cog|scn|misticisimu}}, {{cog|es|misticismo}}.

  • Page 57791 indication: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*deyḱ-}} From {{der|en|fro|indication}}, from {{der|en|la|indicātiō||a showing, indicating the value of something; valuation}}, from {{m|la|indicō||point out, indicate, show; value}}; see indicate; confer French {{m|fr|indication}}, {{cog|es|indicación}}, {{cog|it|indicazione}}.

  • Page 58717 volvo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*wolwō}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*welH-|t=to turn, wind, round}}.

Cognate with {{cog|grc|ἐλύω|t=to roll around}}, {{m|grc|εἰλύω|t=to enfold}}, {{m|grc|εἴλω|t=to roll up, pack close}}, {{m|grc|ἑλίσσω|t=to turn round, to roll}}, {{m|grc|ἕλιξ}}, {{cog|sq|valle|t=circle dance}}, {{cog|xcl|գելում}}, {{cog|ang|wielwan}}, {{m|ang|wealwian|t=to roll}}. Confer {{cog|la|vulgus}}. More at {{l|en|wallow}}.

  • Page 59156 suspicion: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Borrowed from {{bor|fr|la|suspicio|suspiciō, suspiciōnem}}. Confer {{m|fr|soupçon}}, derived from a related formation but not an actual doublet.

  • Page 61717 elder: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

{{wikipedia|Sambucus}} {{wikispecies|Sambucus}}

Sambucus nigra

From {{der|en|enm|eldre}}, {{m|enm|eller}}, from {{der|en|ang|ellærn}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*elernaz}}, {{m|gem-pro|*eldernaz}} (confer Low German {{m|nds|Elhorn}}, {{m|nds|Elloorn}}).

  • Page 63607 सूनु: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From the root {{m|sa|सू|tr=√sū||to beget, produce, yield}}, from {{inh|sa|iir-pro|}}, ultimately from {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*sewH-||to beget (a child)}}. Confer with Etymology 1 above.

  • Page 64139 qor: Found match for regex: Etymology 3===

Confer {{cog|ckb|قۆر}}.

  • Page 64657 reprehend: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰed-}} From {{uder|en|la|reprehendo|reprehendō|I hold back, check, blame}}, from {{m|la|re-||back}} + {{m|la|prehendo|prehendō|I hold, seize}}. Confer French {{m|fr|reprendre||to reprove}}.

  • Page 64673 rummage: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{uder|en|fro|arrumage}} (confer French {{m|fr|arrimage}}), from {{m|fro|arrumer||to arrange the cargo in the hold}} (confer French {{m|fr|arrimer}} and Spanish {{m|es|arrumar}}).

{{root|en|ine-pro|*krey-}} From {{der|en|la|] + ]}}, past participle of {{m|la|discriminare||to divide}}. Confer {{m|en|crime}}.

  • Page 67577 recline: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*ḱley-|id=incline}} Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|reclino|reclīnāre|to bend back}}. Confer {{m|en|decline}}, {{m|en|incline}}.

  • Page 67791 entre: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From Old Galician and {{inh|gl|roa-opt|entre}}, from {{inh|gl|la|inter}}.

The alternative form {{m|gl|ontre}}, rare in Old Portuguese proper but well attested in Old Galician ({{w|Cantigas de Santa Maria}}), and rendered as {{m|la||unter}} in local Medieval Latin, derives probably from {{der|gl|gem-sue|}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*under}}: confer {{cog|goh|unter|t=among, between}}.

  • Page 69605 cuckold: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-|id=rule}} From {{inh|en|enm|cokolde}}, {{m|enm|cokewold}}, {{m|enm|cockewold}}, {{m|enm|kukwald}}, {{m|enm|kukeweld}}, from {{der|en|fro|cucuault}}; a compound of {{m|fro|cucu||cuckoo}} (some varieties of the cuckoo bird lay their eggs in another’s nest) and {{der|en|fro|-auld}}. Cucu is either a directly derived {{onomatopoeic|en|nocap=1}} derivative of the {{m|en|cuckoo}}'s call, or from {{der|en|la|cucūlus}}. {{cog|la|cucūlus}} is a compound of onomatopoeic {{m|la|cucu}} (compare {{cog|LL.|cucus}}) and the diminutive suffix {{m|la|-ulus}}.

{{m+|fro||-auld}} is from {{der|en|frk|*-wald}} (similar suffixes are used in some personal names within other Germanic languages as well; confer {{m+|en|Harold}}, for instance), a suffixal use of {{der|en|frk|*wald||wielder, ruler, leader|id=ruler}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*waldaz}} (compare {{cog|de|Gewalt}}, from the related {{m|gem-pro|*waldą||power, might}}), from {{m|gem-pro|*waldaną||to rule}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-||to be strong; to rule}}.

  • Page 73308 kvar: Found match for regex: Etymology 3===

Confer with {{cog|sv|kvar}}.

  • Page 76549 lege: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{bor|nn|da|læge}} through {{bor|nn|nb|lege}}. Confer also {{m|nn|lækjar}}, from {{m|nn|lækja||to heal}}.

  • Page 83970 italian: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|it|italiano}}.

  • Page 89221 naevus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

For gnaevus, from {{der|la|ine-pro||*ǵn̥h₁iwós|native}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-||to beget}}. Confer with {{m|la|Gnaeus}}.

  • Page 91947 repo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*rēpō}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₁reh₁p-}} (compare {{cog|lv|rapat|rãpât}}, {{m|lv|rapt|râpt}}, {{cog|gmh|reben}} ‘to move, stir’, {{m|gmh|rebe}} ‘offshoot, bud’, {{cog|fa|رفتن|tr=raftan||to go}}. Confer with Latin {{m|la|serpō}}.

  • Page 94041 gable: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰebʰ-}} The southern English term gable probably came from {{der|en|fro|gable}} (compare modern {{cog|fr|gâble}}), from {{der|en|non|gafl}}. The northern form {{m|en|gavel}} is perhaps also akin to {{cog|non|gafl}}, masculine, of the same meaning (confer {{cog|sv|gavel}}, {{cog|da|gavl}}). See {{m|non|gafl}} for more etymology information.

  • Page 94111 Schaden: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{dercat|de|gem-pro|inh=1}} From {{inh|de|gmh|schade}}, from {{inh|de|goh|scado}}, from {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*skaþō}}. Confer {{cog|nl|schade}}, {{cog|en|scathe}}, {{cog|da|skade}}, {{cog|sv|skada}}.

  • Page 94884 sed: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro||*swét / *swéd}}, ablative case of {{m|ine-pro|*swé}} (whence {{m|la|se}}, {{m|la|suus}}); and originally the same as the inseparable preposition {{m|la|sē-}} (properly, “by itself”, “apart”, hence, “but”, “only”, etc.). Confer with the semantics of English "only (that)..." (= "but...").

  • Page 97539 brosa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from {{der|gl|fro|brosse||brush, undergrowth}}, confer {{cog|fr|brosse||brush}}, itself of obscure origin but which could be ultimately from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*bruskaz||brush, undergrowth}}. Compare also Galician {{m|gl|broza||brushwood, undergrowth}}.

  • Page 98102 gamall: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|non|ine-pro|*h₂el-|id=grow}} The positive form is from {{inh|non|gem-pro|*gamalaz}}. The comparative and superlative forms are from {{inh|non|gem-pro|*alþizô}} and {{m|gem-pro|*alþistaz}} respectively, comparison forms of the positive {{m|gem-pro|*aldaz||old}}, from {{der|non|ine-pro|*h₂eltós}}, ultimately from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂el-||to grow, nourish}}. Confer with {{cog|en|old}} – {{m|en|elder}} – {{m|en|eldest}}.

  • Page 98119 gjarnan: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|gjarn||willing}}. Cognate with the {{cog|sv|gärna}}.

  • Page 98160 heimboð: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|heimboð||an invitation home}}, from {{m|non|bjóða heim||to bid one to a feast}}, confer the Icelandic {{m|is|bjóða heim||to invite home}}.

  • Page 98165 heimsækja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|sækja heim|sækja einhvern heim|to visit somebody}}, from the {{der|is|non|sœkja heim||to visit; to attack someone}}. Confer the Danish {{m|da|hjemsøge}}.

  • Page 98873 skemmtilegur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|skemtiligr||amusing, interesting, pleasant}}, confer the Old Norse {{m|non|óskemtiligr||dull, uninteresting}}, {{m|non|skemtiliga||amusingly, pleasantly}}, {{m|non|skemta||to amuse, to entertain}}, {{m|non|skemtan}} or {{m|non|skemtun||entertainment}} and {{m|non|skemtanligr||amusing, pleasant}}.

  • Page 98968 svangur: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

A noun of the adjectival form {{m|is|svangur||hungry; thin}}. Confer the {{der|is|non|svangi||the groins, especially of animals}} which was also spelled {{m|non|svangr||the groins, especially of animals}}.

  • Page 98970 svara: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|svara||to answer}}. Confer {{m|is|svar||a response}}.

  • Page 98987 sönnun: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the verb {{m|is|sanna||to prove}}.

  • Page 99205 hideous: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|hidous}}, from {{der|en|xno|hidous}}, from {{der|en|fro|hideus}}, {{m|fro|hydus||that which inspires terror}}, from earlier {{m|fro|hisdos}}, from {{der|en|fro|hisda||horror, fear}}, of uncertain and disputed origin. Probably from {{der|en|gmw-pro|*agisiþu||horror, terror}}, from {{der|en|gmw-pro|*agisōn||to frighten, terrorise}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*agaz||terror, fear}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂egʰ-||to frighten}}. Cognate with {{cog|goh|egisa}}, {{m|goh|egidī||horror}}, {{cog|ang|egesa||fear, dread}}, {{cog|got|𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃||fear, terror}}.

Alternative etymology cites possible derivation from {{noncog|la|hispidosus||rugged}}, from {{m|la|hispidus||rough, bristly}}, yet the semantic evolution is less plausible.

  • Page 99227 rejoin: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*yewg-}} {{uder|en|fr|-}} rejoindre; pref. re- re- + joindre to join. See join, and confer rejoinder.

  • Page 102864 targa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|gem-pro|*targǭ||edge}}, from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*dʰorgʰ-||edge, seam}}: confer {{cog|non|targa||small round shield}} and {{cog|goh|zarga||edge, rim}}.

  • Page 105096 memorable: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|en|ine-pro|*(s)mer-|id=remember}} From {{bor|en|frm|mémorable}}, from {{der|en|la|memorābilis}}, from {{m|la|memorō||to bring to remembrance}}, from {{m|la|memor||mindful, remembering}}. See {{m|en|memory}}, and confer {{m|en|memorabilia}}.

  • Page 105424 gjarna: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|gjarn||willing}}. Cognate with the {{cog|sv|gärna}}, as well as Danish and German {{m|de|gerne}}.

From around 1425 to 1475 from late {{inh|en|enm|-}} which itself came from the {{der|en|la|-}} term with the same meaning. From the {{der|en|la|-}} term pater ("father") + familiās, an archaic genitive of familia ("family", "household"). Literally meaning "father of the family" or "father of the household". Confer the English word family.

Onomatopoeic. Confer goo-goo and ga-ga.

  • Page 108519 deleo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably a {{bf|nocap=1|la|dēlēvī}}, originally the perfect tense of {{m|la|dēlinō}}, from {{af|la|dē-|linō}}. But confer {{cog|grc|δηλέομαι||to destroy, annihilate, spoil}}.

  • Page 110004 speculum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|la|speciō|-culum}}. Confer with {{m|la|spectrum}}.

  • Page 111735 foro: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*bʰerH-||to pierce, strike}}, with e-grade reflex attested in {{m|la|feriō}}. According to some the verb is denominal from {{m|ine-pro|*bʰorH-h₂||hole}}.

Confer, also from Proto-Indo-European: {{cog|lt|bárti||to accuse, scold}}, {{cog|cu|брати||to fight}}, {{cog|is|berja||to beat}}, {{cog|en|bore}}.

  • Page 111922 protinus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*pro-}} (confer Latin {{m|la|prōcērus}}) and {{m|ine-pro|*ten-||extend}} (confer {{cog|la|tendō||I stretch out}}).

  • Page 115087 vinsældir: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the terms {{m|is|vinur||a friend}} and {{m|is|sæll||happy, glad}}.

  • Page 115257 ambátt: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|ambátt}}, confer {{m|is|ambaga}}.

  • Page 116466 bastinado: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|en|es|bastonada}} (confer {{cog|fr|bastonnade}}), from {{m|es|baston||a stick or staff}}.

{{root|en|ine-pro|*peh₂-}} From around 1425 to 1475 from late {{inh|en|enm|-}} which itself came from the {{der|en|la|-}} term with the same meaning. From the {{der|en|la|-}} term pater ("father") + familiās, an archaic genitive of familia ("family", "household"). Literally meaning "father of the family" or "father of the household". Confer the English word family.

  • Page 120680 -heit: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|nn|gmq-mno|-heit}}, a borrow from {{der|nn|gml|-heit}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|-het}} and {{cog|sv|-het}}.

  • Page 125826 primordial: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{uder|en|la|prīmōrdiālis||of the beginning}}. Confer {{m|en|primordium}} and {{m|en|-al}}.

  • Page 126780 ῥίζα: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|grc|ine-pro|*wréh₂ds||root}}. Confer {{m|grc|ῥάδιξ}}. Cognate with {{der|grc|gmy|𐀹𐀪𐀼}}, {{cog|la|radix||root}}, {{cog|la|ramus||branch}}, {{cog|non|rót||root}} ({{cog|en|root}}), {{cog|got|𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃}}, {{cog|ang|wyrt||herb, plant}} ({{cog|en|wort}}), {{cog|sga|fren||root}}, and possibly {{cog|txb|witsako||root}}.

  • Page 127961 tam-tam: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Onomatopoetic. Confer English {{m|en|tom-tom}}

  • Page 128048 עזה: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Commonly explained as a feminine of {{m|he|עַז||strong|tr='áz}}, but as can be seen from the {{cog|grc|-}} transliteration {{m|grc|Γάζα}} and {{cog|ar|غَزَّة}}, the initial sound was originally {{cog|sem-pro|-}} *ḡ, so the origin was likely another root. Alternatively confer {{ar-root|ج ز ر}}, meaning amongst other things words related to “bridge”, a reference to Gaza’s strategic position as the main crossing point on the trade route to Egypt.

Cognate with {{cog|sl|prisega}}, {{cog|ru|присяга}}, {{cog|sk|prísaha}}. Confer {{m|sh|сегнути}}.

  • Page 131492 aeger: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

Obscure, but probably Germanic. Confer eagre.

  • Page 132139 enamor: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|enm|enamouren}}, a late {{glossary|back-formation}} from {{m|enm|enamoured}}, itself a {{glossary|partial calque}} of {{der|en|fro|enamore}}, past participle of {{m|fro|enamorer}}, {{m|fro|enamourer}}, equivalent to prefix {{af|fro|en-|amor|-er|nocat=1}}. See {{m|en|amour}}, and confer {{m|en|inamorato}}.

  • Page 136437 ting: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{inh|gmq-bot|non|þinga}}, from {{inh|gmq-bot|gem-pro|*þingōną}}. Confer {{m|gmq-bot|tingt}}.

  • Page 144408 germen: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-}} From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*genmen}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ǵénh₁mn̥|t=offspring”, “seed}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-||to beget”, “to give birth}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|la|gignō|-men|t1=I beget|pos2=noun-forming suffix}}. Confer with {{m|la|genimen}}.

  • Page 144669 musca: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From a {{der|la|ine-pro|*mus-}}, {{m|ine-pro|*mu-}}, {{m|ine-pro|*mew-}}.

See also {{cog|sa|मशक|tr=maśáka}}, {{cog|cu|моуха}}, and the {{cog|grc|μυῖα|t=a fly}} of which {{m|grc|μυΐσκη}} may be a diminutive form. Confer the {{cog|de|Mücke|t=midge}} and {{cog|en|midge}}, {{m|en|midget}}.

  • Page 146074 स: Found match for regex: Etymology 6===

From {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*sá|*sá, *sáH, *tád}}, from {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*sá|*sá, *sáH, *tád}}, from {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*só}}, {{m|ine-pro|*séh₂}}, {{m|ine-pro|*tód}}. Cognate with {{cog|grc|ὁ}}, {{m|grc|ἡ}}, {{m|grc|τό}}, {{cog|cu|тъ}}, {{m|cu|та}}, {{m|cu|то}}, {{cog|ang|se}} (whence {{cog|en|the}}). Confer also the suppletive-stem feminine and neuter forms {{m|sa|सा|tr=sā́}}, {{m|sa|तद्|tr=tád}}.

  • Page 147300 vannus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|itc-pro|*watnos}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₂weh₁-||to blow}}. Confer with the diminutive {{m|la|vatillum}}. Cognate with {{cog|la|ventus}}, {{cog|grc|ἄημι}}, {{cog|gmh|winden||to winnow}}, {{cog|is|vinsa||to pick out, weed}}, English {{l|la|winnow}}.

  • Page 154878 saeculum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from {{der|la|ine-pro|*seh₁-||to sow}}. Or, from {{m|ine-pro|*sh₂ey-||to bind, knit, tie together, tie to, connect}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-tlom|pos=instrumental suffix}} (whence {{cog|la|-culum}}), in the sense of successive generations being linked together over time. Confer {{cog|lt|sėkla}}, {{cog|cel-pro|*saitlom|t=life, age}}, and {{cog|cel-gau|Sētlocenia}}.

  • Page 155442 apio: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₂ep-}}, confer {{m|la|apō}}.

  • Page 159811 raf: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|rafr}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*rabaz}} from the verb {{m|gem-pro|*rebaną||to move, stir}}. Possibly related to {{m|itc-pro|*rēpō}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*h₁reh₁p-}} (compare {{cog|lv|rapat|rãpât}}, {{cog|lv|rapt|râpt}}, {{cog|gmh|reben||to move, stir, blend}}, {{cog|gmh|rebe||offshoot, bud}}). Confer with {{cog|la|serpō}}.

  • Page 160779 uter: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*wed-}} For {{m|la||*udris}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*wed-||water}}. Confer with {{cog|grc|ὑδρία||water-pot, pitcher}}. {{doublet|la|vitrum}}.

  • Page 163187 mudar: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|es|osp|mudar}}, from {{inh|es|la|mutāre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|mūtō}}. Doublet of the borrowed {{m|es|mutar}}. Cognate with {{cog|en|moult}}. Confer {{cog|en|mutate}}.

  • Page 163453 saðr: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|non|ine-pro|*h₁es-}} From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*sanþaz}} {{inh|non|ine-pro|*h₁sónts|*h₁s-ónt-s|being, existing}}, present participle of {{m|ine-pro|*h₁es-||to be, exist}}. The change -nnr > -ðr is regular. Confer with {{m|non|maðr}}.

  • Page 163454 sæti: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|is|non|sæti}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*sētiją}}. Confer the English {{m|en|seat}}.

  • Page 164028 hryggr: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

Confer with {{m|non|hryggva}}, {{m|non|hryggja}}.

  • Page 166623 níð: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|níð}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*nīþą}}. Cognate with {{cog|ang|nīþ}}, {{cog|osx|nīþ}}, {{cog|nl|nijd}}, {{cog|goh|nīd}} (> {{cog|de|Neid}}) and {{cog|got|𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸}}.

Confer the {{cog|is|níðingur}} from the {{cog|non|níðingr}}, which cognates with the {{cog|ang|nīðing}} and {{cog|goh|nidding}}.

  • Page 168207 fáni: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|fáni}}, from {{der|is|gem-pro|*fanô}}. Confer the Latin {{m|la|pannus||a cloth; a rag; a garment}}, German {{m|de|Fahne||the flag of a nation, organisation, etc; a banner}} from Middle High German {{m|gmh|vano}} / {{m|gmh|van}}, from Old High German {{m|goh|fano||a flag}}, from the Germanic root *fanō (cloth, flag), from Proto-Indo-European *pān (fabric) and the English {{m|en|vane}} from the Old English {{m|ang|fana||a flag}}.

  • Page 169723 Herman: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|en|ang|here||army}} + {{m|ang|man||man}} It was revived in the 19th century, partly due to American immigrants from continental Europe where the name has been more popular. Confer the German equivalent {{m|de|Hermann}}.

  • Page 170386 Drūwis: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the Proto-Indo-European root *deru- / *dreu- (firm, solid, steadfast); confer trú.

  • Page 171084 vanduo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|lt|ine-pro|*wed-}} From {{der|lt|ine-bsl-pro|*wandō}} (genitive singular *undnes); compare {{cog|lv|ūdens|ûdens}}, {{cog|prg|wundan}}, {{cog|sla-pro|*voda|*vodà}}. Ultimately from {{der|lt|ine-pro|*wódr̥}}. The nasal infix is parallelled in {{cog|la|unda||wave}}, presumably analogically brought into the nominative from the oblique stem (cf. {{cog|ine-pro|-}} genitive singular *udnés). The paradigm would then subsequently have been put back in line with other en-stem nouns (e.g. {{m|lt|akmuõ}}).

Clusters of the shape *nCn apparently blocked the action of {{w|Winter's law}}; confer also {{m|lt|ugnìs}}.

  • Page 175118 caracol: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{unc|ast}}. Possibly from a derivation of {{der|ast|VL.|*cochleār}}, {{der|ast|la|cochlea||snail}}, from {{der|ast|grc|κοχλίας||spiral, snail shell}}. Confer with {{m|ast|cuyar||spoon}}. Alternatively, possibly of pre-Roman Indo-European origin.

From the synonymous {{uder|en|la|-}} adjective irreprehensibilis. Confer the French word {{l|fr|irrépréhensible}}. See reprehensible.

  • Page 182172 bătrân: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Inherited from a {{inh|ro|VL.|-}} or {{inh|ro|LL.|vetrānus}}, syncopated form of {{inh|ro|la|veterānus}}. Compare {{cog|rup|bitãrnu}}, Dalmatian/Vegliot {{m|dlm|vetrun}}, Friulian {{m|fur|vedran}}, old Venetian {{m|vec|vetrano}}. Confer the borrowed {{doublet|ro|veteran|notext=1}}.

  • Page 187416 stot: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|en|ang|stot}}, {{m|ang|stotte||a hack, jade, or worthless horse}}, in turn from {{der|en|non|stútr}}. Compare {{cog|sv|stut||a bull}}, {{cog|da|stud||an ox}}. Confer {{m|en|stoat}}.

  • Page 195605 virar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested since the 15th century. Probably from {{bor|gl|fro|virer}}, ultimately from {{der|gl|cel|-}}, from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*weh₁y-||to twist}}. Confer {{cog|br|gwar||curved}}, from {{cog|cel-pro|*wēros|*wēro-|crooked}}. Alternatively from {{inh|gl|VL.|*virō}}, probably from {{der|gl|la|vibrō}}.

  • Page 220408 estimar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Borrowed from {{bor|ca|la|aestimāre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|aestimō}}. Confer also Old Catalan {{m|roa-oca|aesmar}}, from a Vulgar Latin {{m|la||*adaestimāre}} (see also the modern Catalan derivative {{m|ca|esme}}).

  • Page 253086 espeto: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From Old Galician and {{inh|gl|roa-opt|espeto}}, probably from {{der|gl|got|*𐍃𐍀𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*spitō||rod}}; alternatively from a {{der|gl|got|-}} or {{der|gl|gem-sue|-}} form derived from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*speutą||spear}}. Cognate with {{cog|pt|espeto}} and {{cog|es|espeto}}. Confer also {{cog|en|spit}} and {{cog|sv|spett}}.

  • Page 262965 trepar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested since 1810. From a {{der|gl|gem|-}} language; confer {{cog|en|trip}}.

  • Page 272597 menses: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|en|la|mēnsis||month}}, the plural being {{m|la|mēnsēs||months}}, corresponding to the monthly courses of women. Confer {{m|en|month}}.

  • Page 275313 mancha: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|es|VL.||*macla}} (probably through a variant with a nasal infix {{m|la||*mancla}}), from {{inh|es|la|macula||spot; stain}}. Confer with the borrowed doublet {{doublet|es|mácula|notext=1}}, as well as with {{m|es|mangla}}.

  • Page 307939 sentience: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|en|sentient}}, from Latin {{m|la|sentiēns}}, present participle of {{m|la|sentiō||feel, sense}}. Confer with {{m|en|sentence}}, its equivalent formation from Classic Latin {{m|la|sententia}} (for *sentientia).

  • Page 314946 στόχος: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{unc|grc}}. Confer with {{m|grc|στοῖχος||row in an ascending series, column}}, {{m|grc|στίχος||row or file of soldiers, line of poetry, verse}}, from {{m|grc|στείχω||walk, march, go or come, march in line or order}}, from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*steygʰ-||to walk}}. If from this root, cognate with {{cog|de|steigen}}; {{cog|en|sty}}, {{m|en|stair}}, {{m|en|stile}}{{;}} and possibly {{cog|la|vestīgō}}.

  • Page 317438 ἀγών: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|grc|ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-}} Corresponding noun of {{cog|grc|ἀγείρω||to gather}}, with later senses from {{m|grc|ἄγω||to lead}}. Confer {{cog|sa|गण||troop, gang, flock, tribe, assembly, company}}; {{cog|grc|ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ ||assembly}}, {{cog|sa|ग्राम||multitude, troop, assembly, collective}}; {{cog|sa|आजि|tr=ājí||race, competition, battle}}.

  • Page 326635 ferculum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|la|ferō|gloss1=I bear|-culum|gloss2=tool}}. Confer with {{m|la|ferētrum}}, calqued or borrowed from {{cog|grc|-}} with cognate elements.

  • Page 341725 lancea: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Ultimately from {{der|la|cel}} / {{der|la|xce|-}}, possibly from {{der|la|ine-pro|*pleh₂k-|t=to hit}}. Confer with {{cog|grc|λόγχη}}. See also {{m|la|plācō}}, {{m|la|plāgō}}, {{m|la|plangō}} and {{m|la|plēctō|id=punish}}.

From {{inh|el|gkm|τραπέζιν}}, via {{inh|el|grc-koi|-}} from {{inh|el|grc|τραπέζιον||small table}}, diminutive of {{m|grc|τράπεζα||a table}}. This is conventionally taken to be from a (virtual?) {{m|grc|*τετράπεζος|*τετράπεζα|four-footed}}, from {{m|grc|τετράς||four}} and {{m|grc|πέζα||-footed, -legged}}, from {{m|grc|πούς||a foot}}. Sihler (1995) instead relates the first element to {{m|grc|τρεῖς||three}}, noting that early tables had three legs, not four. Confer {{cog|en|trapeze}}, {{m|en|trapezium}}, {{m|en|trapezophoron}}. {{doublet|el|τραπέζιον}}, a borrowing.

  • Page 358632 custodial: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{suffix|en|custody|al}}; confer French {{m|fr|custodial}}.

  • Page 364933 dunna: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|fo|non|dunna}}, whence also {{cog|is|dunna}}, {{cog|no|dunne}}. Confer also {{cog|gd|tunnag}}.

  • Page 365673 ὄγκος: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|grc|ine-pro|*h₂neḱ-}} Ultimately from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*h₂neḱ-||to attain, reach}}. Confer with the semantics of {{cog|la|mōlēs}}.

  • Page 372709 crista: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*(s)ker-||to turn, bend}}. Cognate with {{m|la|crinis||hair}}, {{m|la|crispus||curly}}. Confer {{cog|grc|κόρση||temple (anatomy)}}.

  • Page 373487 buric: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|ro|la|umbilīcus}}, through an intermediate {{inh|ro|VL.|-}} root {{m|la||*umbulicus}}, later separated to *un buric (confer also the development of {{cog|fr|nombril}}, {{cog|ca|llombrígol}}). {{doublet|ro|ombilic}}. Compare {{cog|rup|buric}}, {{cog|scn|buddicu}}.

{{root|grc|ine-pro|*dʰewb-}} {{prefix|grc|ἀ|βυθός|t2=depth of the sea}} Confer {{cog|sa|अगाध||fathomless; abyss, chasm}}.

  • Page 378497 viska: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{der|is|non|vizka}}, confer the Icelandic {{m|is|vit}}.

  • Page 395262 frico: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Intensive popular form of {{m|la|friō}}. Confer with {{m|la|fodiō}} - {{m|la|fodicō}}, {{m|la|vellō}} - {{m|la|vellicō}}.

  • Page 403976 rotte: Found match for regex: Etymology 3===

Confer with {{m|nn|rode||t=a type of military formation}}.

  • Page 419600 fartölva: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|far-||mobile, distant}} and {{m|is|tölva||a computer}}, confer {{m|is|farsími||a mobile}}.

  • Page 422711 بن: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

{{etymid|ar|coffee}} Borrowed from {{bor|ar|syc|ܒܽܘܢܳܐ|tr=būnā}}, which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce {{m|ar|بُنّ|id=backfrombynni}}, but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Confer meaning transferrals in the spice-names {{m|ar|قِزْح}} and {{m|ar|بِسْبَاس}}, and {{m|ar|خَنْدَرِيس|t=spelt; gruel}} to “wine”, as {{m|ar|قَهْوَة|t=coffee}} originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by {{der|ar|grc|βύνη|t=]}}, a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s {{w|Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis}} and {{w|Aëtius of Amida}}. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known {{der|ar|MIr.|-}} word for “base, grounds” found as {{cog|fa-cls|بن|tr=bun}} and {{cog|xcl|բուն}}, also borrowed directly from Iranian in {{cog|acx|بون|tr=būn}}, compare the Iranianism reflected in {{cog|ar|دُرْدِيّ|t=lees, amurca}}.

  • Page 423444 piki: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|srn|en|speak}}. Confer {{cog|jam|piik}}.

  • Page 434567 enseguida: Found match for regex: Etymology===

en and seguir. Confer to Latin {{m|la|īnsequī}}.

  • Page 444897 ceterus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*ḱe-||here}} + contrastive {{m|ine-pro|*-teros|*-(e)teros}}. Confer with {{m|la|citer}}. See also {{m|la|cis}}, {{m|la|hic}}.

  • Page 451229 procerus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*pro-||toward, forward}} (confer Latin {{m|la|prōvincia}}) and {{m|ine-pro|*ḱer-||grow}} (confer {{cog|la|crescō||come forth, grow, arise, appear}}). See also {{cog|la|sincērus||genuine, sincere}}.

  • Page 476089 moldvarpa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|gem-pro|*muldawarpiz}}. Cognate with {{cog|da|muldvarp}}, {{cog|en|mouldwarp}}, {{cog|de|Maulwurf}}. Confer {{m|is|mold||earth, humus}} and {{m|is|varpa||to throw}}.

  • Page 484728 λόγχη: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*pleh₂k-|t=to hit}}, confer {{cog|la|lancea|t=lance}} and {{cog|xcl|գեղարդն|t=spear}}, or a {{bor|grc|sem}} borrowing corresponding to {{cog|he|רומח|רֹמַח|tr=rómaḥ|t=spear}}, {{cog|ar|رُمْح|t=spear}} etc. (see the Arabic), but Beekes leaves the etymology unexplained.

  • Page 489547 đường: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

A loanword (SEALang). Compare {{ltc-l|唐|road inside a temple; big road}} & {{cog|tai-pro|*da:ŋᴮ||road, way}}, whence {{cog|th|ทาง}}, {{cog|lo|ທາງ}}, {{cog|nod|ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦑᦱᧂ}}, {{cog|shn|တၢင်း}}; although possibly of ultimate Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007), confer {{cog|mkh-pro|*glɔɔŋ}}. Shorto proposes a possible South Bahnaric origin, compare {{cog|kpm|pədyaŋ}}, {{cog|cmo|rdɛ:ŋ}}, from {{cog|mkh-pro|*rɗiŋ ~ *rɗiəŋ}}

  • Page 498001 laxe: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the medieval form {{m|gl|lagea}}, previously documented in local {{cog|ML.|-}} as lagena; from {{der|gl|qfa-sub-ibe|-}}; probably from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*laginā|t=blade}}. Confer {{cog|cy|llain|t=blade, sword, spear}} and {{cog|sga|láige|t=mattock, spade; broad spearhead}}.

  • Page 507110 pleite: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Borrowed from {{bor|nl|yi|פּליטה|tr=pleyte||escape, getaway}}. Confer {{cog|de|pleite}}.

  • Page 530632 teilnehmen: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{compound|de|Teil|t1=part|nehmen|t2=take}}. {{calque|de|la|participō}}, whence also English {{l|en|participate}}; confer corresponding calques such as Dutch {{m|nl|deelnemen}}, English {{m|en|take part}}, Icelandic {{m|is|taka þátt}}.

  • Page 557770 efalaus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|efa||of doubt}} the genitive of {{m|is|efi||doubt}} {{suffix|is||laus|gloss2=free of, -less}}. Literally meaning "doubtless" or "free of doubt".

Confer {{m|is|án efa||without a doubt}}.

  • Page 559006 deștepta: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Traditionally considered to be from {{inh|ro|VL.|*deexcitāre}}, from {{der|ro|la|de-}} + {{m|la|excitāre||wake up}} (cf. Italian {{m|it|destare}}, also Dalmatian {{m|dlm|destruar}}), but is more likely from {{inh|ro|la|dispectāre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|dispectō}} (frequentative of {{m|la|dispiciō||look, discern, perceive, discover}} through its past participle {{m|la|dispectus}}). It is also possibly, but less likely, originally from {{m|la|dēspectāre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|dēspectō}} (itself a frequentative of {{m|la|dēspiciō}} through its past participle {{m|la|dēspectus}}, but this word seems to have taken on the meaning of "look down upon, disdain" in the Western Romance language derivatives, which doesn't match with the Romanian meaning; it may be that the other languages derived their meanings directly from {{m|la|dēspiciō}} through its past participle instead of going through {{m|la|dēspectō}}). In Romanian, the hypothetical original form, {{m|ro||*dișpepta}}, probably reached its current form under the analogous influence of {{m|ro|aștepta}}. Compare {{cog|rup|dishteptu}}, {{m|rup|dishtiptari}}. Confer also Tarantino (dialect of Neapolitan) {{m|roa-tar|descetare||to wake up}}, which may instead derive from Latin {{m|la|oscitāre}}.

  • Page 590154 huc: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from the Old Latin locative {{m|la|hoi}} + {{m|la|-ce}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*gʰe}} and {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ḱe||here}}, according to De Vaan (2008). Compare the mostly pre-Classical {{m|la|hōc|t=to this place, for this reason}}, which De Vaan says is from an instrumental case form.

Confer the same alternation between {{m|la|illūc}} and the older {{m|la|illōc}}. See also {{m|la|hinc}}.

  • Page 597141 frígido: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Borrowed from {{bor|es|la|frīgidus}}, from {{m|la|frīgō|t=to be cold}}, from {{m|la|frīgus|t=cold, coldness}}, from {{der|es|ine-pro|*sriges-}}, {{m|ine-pro|*sriHges-}}. Confer the inherited doublet {{doublet|es|notext=1|frío}}.

  • Page 606161 uppvakningur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|upp||up}} and {{suffix|is|vakna|gloss1=to wake up|ingur|gloss2=forms verbal nouns}}, "one who wakes up", "upwaker". Confer {{m|is|rísa upp frá dauðum||to rise from the dead}}.

  • Page 636725 serbest: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|fa|سربست‎|tr=sarbast||free}} and {{cog|ckb|سەربەست||uninhibited}}.

  • Page 637578 garrocha: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Ultimately from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*garrā|t=leg}}. Confer {{cog|fr|-}} {{m|fr|garrocher}} and {{m|fr|garrot}}.

  • Page 638867 ζέω: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|grc|ine-pro|*yes-}}. Confer {{cog|sa|येषति||to boil, bubble up}}, {{m|sa|यसति|tr=yásati||to froth up, foam}}, {{cog|en|yeast}}.

  • Page 643612 Liebe machen: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the {{cog|en|make love}} and {{cog|fr|faire l'amour}}.

  • Page 651364 cano: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*keh₂n-}} From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*kanō}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*keh₂n-|t=to sing}}. Confer {{m|la|carmen|t=song}} (< {{m|itc-pro|*kanmen}}).

  • Page 657684 tjau: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer with {{cog|non|tigr}}, {{m|non|tugr||amount of ten}}.

  • Page 662784 çûçik: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Confer {{m|kmr|çûk}}.

  • Page 700816 handfylli: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|is|hönd|t1=hand|-fylli|t2=-ful}}; confer {{m|is|fylla||to fill}}.

  • Page 700820 seðja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|seðja}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*sadjaną}}. Confer the {{cog|la|satio|satiō|I satisfy}}.

  • Page 703730 hermikráka: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|hermi|gloss1=copy, imitative|kráka|gloss2=a crow}}, confer the verb {{m|is|herma||to mimic}} and the noun {{m|is|hermir||a simulator}}.

  • Page 713359 jaxl: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|jaxl}}; confer the {{cog|fo|jakslur||a molar}} (also {{m|fo|jaksli}} and {{m|fo|jaksul}}), the Nynorsk word {{m|no|jaksle}} and {{m|no|jæksl}}. Probably related to {{m|is|agn||bait}} and {{m|is|jaga}}.

  • Page 731685 cerne: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Perhaps from {{der|gl|gem-sue|-}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*kernô|t=kernel}}. Confer {{cog|is|-}}, {{cog|fo|-}}, {{cog|non|kjarni|t=kernel, core}}

  • Page 731698 cerna: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Perhaps from {{der|gl|gem-sue|-}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*kernô|t=kernel}}. Confer {{cog|is|-}}, {{cog|fo|-}}, {{cog|non|kjarni|t=kernel, core}}.

From vel meaning "well" + á meaning "on" + minnst, form of the verb minnast meaning "to mention". This literally means "well mentioned". Confer the Icelandic verb minnast á.

  • Page 767262 omnipräsent: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer omnipresent. Late Latin omnipraesens

  • Page 767450 afbrot: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|brjóta af sér}}.

  • Page 771712 einglyrni: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|ein|gloss1=mono-, uni-, one|glyrni}}, confer {{m|is|glyrna||an ugly eye}}.

  • Page 771875 ræðari: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested since the 18th century. Same as Faroese {{m|fo|røðari}}. Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon does not give the exact derivation, but the Icelandic and Faroese forms are probably derived from a late Old Norse form {{m|non||*rœðari}}. Confer the attested Old Norse forms {{m|non|rœði}} and {{m|non|rœðir}} and German {{m|de|Ruderer}}. Ultimately from the root of the verb {{m|is|róa||to row}} (Proto-Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*rōaną}}).

From {{m|is|hægt||slowly}}, confer the adjective {{m|is|hægur||slow}} and {{m|is|og||and}} and {{m|is|bítandi||biting, bitingly}} the present participle of {{m|is|bíta||to bite}}.

Literally “bite away from oneself”. Confer the Danish {{m|da|bide fra sig}}.

  • Page 783761 глупый: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*glupъ}}. Cognate with {{cog|bg|глупав}}, {{cog|sh|sc=Cyrl|глу̏пав}}/{{m|sh|glȕpav}}, {{cog|sk|hlúpy}}, {{cog|sl|glup}}. Non-Slavic cognates include Old Norse {{m|non|glópr||idiot}} (confer Icelandic {{m|is|glópur}}). According to Erich Berneker and Uhlenbeck the Slavic words were borrowed from a {{der|ru|gem}} source, which is contested by Vasmer.

  • Page 792230 conditio: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}} From {{m|la|condō}}, but often incorrectly for {{m|la|condiciō}}. Confer with {{m|la|cōnfectio}}.

  • Page 795285 solwara: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{compound|tpi|sol|wara}}, confer saltwater.

  • Page 798087 galardón: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{w|Galician-Portuguese}} {{m|roa-opt|gualardon}}, cognate with {{cog|pt|galardão}}, {{cog|es|galardón}}; ultimately from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*wiþrą||against}} + {{m|gem-pro|*launą||reward}}, literally ‘back-payment’: confer {{cog|fro|guerdon}}, {{cog|goh|widarlon|widarlōn}}, {{cog|ang|wiþerlēan}}.

From {{m|is|sinn||its}} + {{m|is|er||is}} the third person singular of {{m|is|vera||to be}} + {{m|is|siður||custom}} + {{m|is|í||in}} + {{m|is|landi}} the dative of {{m|is|land||land}} + {{m|is|hverju}} the neuter dative form of {{m|is|hver||each}}. Literally meaning "its is the custom in each land", "customs are unique for every country" or "each country has its own customs".

Confer the Faroese phrase {{m|fo|sær er siður á landi}}.

  • Page 819838 lesblindur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|lesa||to read}} + {{m|is|blindur||blind}}. Confer {{m|is|lesblinda||dyslexia}}.

  • Page 822311 digitabulum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|la|digitus|t1=finger, toe|-bulum}}. Confer with the Ancient Greek {{m|grc|δακτυλήθρα}}.

  • Page 828166 hreysi: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{rfe|non}}

  • Page 837912 mojón: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From Hispanic {{inh|es|VL.|*mutulo|*mūtulō, mūtulōnem}}, from {{inh|es|la|mūtulus}}. Confer {{cog|fr|moellon}}, {{cog|it|modiglione}}.

  • Page 852718 þungaður: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer þungur ("heavy").

  • Page 852722 van-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|van-}}, from {{der|is|gem-pro|*wanaz||lacking, deficient}}. Confer Old Norse {{m|non|vanr||lacking, wanting}}.

  • Page 852725 kös: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{der|is|non|kös||a heap, a pile}}. Confer the Nynorsk {{m|nn|kos}} and {{m|nn|kas}} and a dialectal Swedish {{m|sv|kas}}, possibly related to the Latin {{m|la|agger||a rampart, a bulwark; a dam; a heap, a pile}}, {{m|la|congeriēs||a heap, a pile, a mass; a collection, an accumulation}} and {{m|is|gero|gerō|I carry, I bear}}.

  • Page 867304 apa eftir: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|apa||to monkey}} + {{m|is|eftir||after}}. Confer the Swedish {{m|sv|apa efter}}.

  • Page 868091 kven-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|kvenmaður||a woman}} and {{m|is|kvenna||of women}}, the genitive plural of {{m|is|kona||a woman}}.

  • Page 883053 trapo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|gl|LL.|drappus|t=piece of cloth}}, which is of {{der|gl|ine|-}} origin (confer {{cog|lt|drãpanos|t=clothes, laundry}}), but perhaps neither Germanic nor Celtic.

  • Page 897151 erkaantua: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Same root with {{m|fi|erota}}. From {{suffix|fi||alt1=erka-|Vntua}}. The -k- is analogous; confer {{m|fi|taata}} from {{m|fi|taka-}}.

Cognate to {{cog|sa|ध्रणति||to sound|tr=dhráṇati|sc=Deva}}, {{cog|la|drēnsō}}, and {{cog|ang|drān}} ({{cog|en|drone}}). Confer also {{m|grc|θρέομαι||I cry aloud, shriek}}. Beekes argues for a {{der|grc|pregrc|-}} origin.

Related to {{cog|grc|ἠλέκτωρ|t=shining, brilliant; ''byname of'' the Sun}}, origin {{unk|grc|nocap=1}}. Possibly, though doubtfully, related to {{noncog|sa|उल्का|tr=ulkā́|t=meteor}} and {{noncog|la|Vulcānus|t=god of fire and metalworking}}, or from the root of {{m+|grc|ἥλιος|t=sun}}; but, given the unconvincing alternatives, likely from {{bor|grc|pregrc}}. Confer, however, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*lewk-}} as bearing a possible relation, with a prefixed augment (as in {{desc|grc|έ-}}) modified by way of compensatory lengthening, and agentive suffix (as in {{desc|grc|-τωρ}}) producing a word meaning in a literal sense “that which does shine” for {{cog|grc|ἠλέκτωρ}}.

  • Page 921051 cocho: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably {{onomatopoeic|gl|title=onomatopoeic}}: confer {{cog|fr|cochon||pig}} or {{cog|mk|кочина|t=pigsty}}.

  • Page 939453 radula: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{suffix|la|rādō|bulum|alt1=rād(ō)|gloss1=I scrape}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*reh₁d-}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-dʰlom}}. Confer with {{m|la|rāstrum}} and {{m|la|rallum}}.

  • Page 946797 postumus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

One superlative of {{m|la|posterus||next, following}} with the last part of {{m|la|-issimus}} (see there for more). Confer with {{m|la|postrēmus}}.

  • Page 948952 cunctus: Found match for regex: Etymology===
  • Some say contraction of {{m|la||*coiūnctus}}, making it a {{doublet|la|coniūnctus|t1=conjoined, connected|nocap=1}}.
  • Some say contraction of {{m|la|concitus}}.
  • Some refer it to {{der|la|ine-pro|*ponkʷ-to-||all, whole}}. Confer {{cog|sa|पञ्च||spread out}}, {{cog|sa|प्रपञ्चन||copiousness}}. May be cognate with {{cog|hit|𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑|tr=pa-an-ku-uš|t=family}} and {{inh|la|ine-pro|*pénkʷe||whole hand, number five}}.
  • Page 959541 voluntas: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Derived from the old present participle stem *welont- {{suffix|la||-tās|alt2=-(t)ās}}. Confer with {{m|la|volēns||willing}} and post-classical {{m|la|volentia||will}}.

  • Page 964868 laxa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the medieval form {{m|gl||lagea}}, previously documented in local {{cog|ML.|-}} as lagena; from a {{der|gl|qfa-sub|-}} language; probably from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*laginā|t=blade}}. Confer {{cog|cy|llain|t=blade, sword, spear}} and {{cog|sga|láige|t=mattock, spade; broad spearhead}}.

  • Page 1068654 lais: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|gl|fro|lai|t=song}}, which have either a {{der|gl|gem|-}} (confer {{cog|goh|leich}}, "a play, skit, melody, song") or {{der|gl|cel|-}} origin ({{cog|sga|laíd|t=}}; see {{cog|gd|laoidh}}).

  • Page 1098121 χαμαί: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|grc|ine-pro|*ǵʰm̥meh₂y}}, a case form (perhaps dative or a fossilized directive?) of {{cog|ine-pro|*dʰéǵʰōm}} (whence also {{m|grc|χθών||earth}}. Confer cognate forms with the same semantics: {{cog|sa|क्ष्मया|tr=kṣmayā́}}, {{cog|sa|ज्मया|tr=jmayā́}} (instrumental), {{cog|sa|क्षमा|tr=kṣamā́}} (also instrumental), and {{cog|sa|क्षामि|tr=kṣā́mi}}, {{cog|la|humī}} (locative). Also compare {{m|grc|πάλαι}} and {{m|grc|παραί}}.

Usually considered a borrowing from an {{unk|xcl|title=unidentified}} source.

Ačaṙean connects with similar words in languages of Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, namely Salmas {{cog|az|kələmbur|t=white poplar}}, Tabriz {{cog|az|qələmə|t=poplar}}, {{cog|lbe|кӏялахӏи||poplar}}, and assumes common borrowing into the languages of the region from a lost {{cog|xur|-}} or {{cog|xme-old|-}} word. He remarks that the homeland of the tree is unknown but that it spread eastward in view of Tehrani {{cog|fa|تبریزی|tr=tabrīzī|t=of or belonging to Tabriz; poplar-tree}}, but according to Hacaloğlu, the latter is the black poplar, {{taxlink|Populus nigra|genus}}.

Saradževa, based on J̌ahukyan's personal communication, adduces also the {{w|Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychian}} gloss {{m|grc|καλαμίνδαρ|t=πλάτανος ἡδονιεῖς = plane-tree according to {{w|Edoni}}}}, which is usually taken as a {{cog|txh|-}} word of unknown origin, obviously containing {{m|txb||*dar|tree}} from {{cog|ine-pro|*dóru}} as the second component. Saradževa further compares Hesychian {{m|grc|καλαδία|t=ῥυκάνη = plane-tree}}. She assumes a borrowing from a Mediterranean {{cog|qfa-sub|-}} for all these words.

Martirosyan connects also dialectal Ararat {{cog|hy|] ]}}, {{m|hy|քալամբըռ}} and considers {{m|xcl||կաղամ-ախ(-ի)}} a Mediterranean/Pontic treename composed of {{m|und|*kalam-}} and a "tree-suffix" {{m|xcl||-ախ}}. He explains the Azerbaijani parallel by dissimilation from {{m|und||*kalam-dar}} (again with {{m|und|*dar||tree}}) → {{m|und||*kalam-bar}}, but this is based on the unreliable Salmas Azerbaijani form kälämbär quoted by Ačaṙean.

The following forms usually are not cited in the literature, but clearly are related: dialectal Nakhijevan {{cog|az|kələnbir}}, {{m|az|kələmbir|t={{n-g|a kind of tree, probably}} ]}}, South {{cog|az|کلنبوُر|tr=kələnbur}}, {{m|az|کلمپور|tr=kələmpur|gloss='']''}}, {{m|az|göy qələmə|t=white poplar}}. Moreover, {{cog|az|qələmə||poplar}} given by Ačaṙean is much more widespread than assumed by him and has the additional meaning ‘plane-tree’ in dialects. The supposed {{cog|rut|-}} form kalax ‘poplar’ cited by Ačaṙean based on Erckert does not exist in modern materials on the language and should be amended to {{m|rut|къавах||poplar}} and joined with {{cog|lez|къавах||poplar}} and other Caucasian forms cited by J̌ahukyan, all of which, however, should be removed from comparison as recent Turkic borrowings.

In reality, probably a {{bor|xcl|cau-nec}} borrowing, from a native Northeast Caucasian compound containing a word for ‘white’ of the form *kala- or similar (compare inherited {{cog|lbe|кӏяла||white}}) and a certain tree name, perhaps ‘poplar’, or even simply ‘wood, timber’ or ‘tree’: compare {{cog|ce|мах||aspen}}, {{cog|inh|мих}}, {{m|inh|миха||aspen; poplar}}, {{cog|av|мах||birch}}, in oblique cases {{m|av||махи-}}, {{cog|lbe|мархъ||poles for planking the ceiling; birch}}, {{m|lbe|мурхь||tree}}, {{m|lbe|мак||softwood}}, dialectal {{m|lbe|махъ||birch}}, {{m|lbe|гьи||birch}}, {{cog|ddo|мей}}, {{m|ddo|ме|t=birch}}, {{cog|bdk|мерх||birch}}, {{cog|dar|махъ||birch}}, {{cog|ce|маъ|t=alder}}, {{cog|inh|миинг||alder}}, {{m|inh|мехинг}}, {{m|inh|михинг||poplar}} etc. For the middle element of {{m|grc||καλα-μίν-δαρ}} compare especially the quoted Ingush forms. For the final element of {{cog|hy||կալա-մա}}, {{cog|az|qələmə|qələ-mə}} compare {{cog|ce|маъ||alder}}, {{cog|ddo|мей||birch}}. The unetymologized {{cog|grc|καλαμίνθη|t={{n-g|a good-smelling plant}}}} may contain the same *kala- ‘white’; for the second part compare the Kulturwort {{cog|hy|մանդակ}}.

Such a compound is represented by {{cog|lbe|кӏялахӏи}}, {{m|lbe|кӏялагьи|кӏяла-гьи|t=birch; {{n-g|possibly}} aspen, poplar}}. See it for more.

For most of the above and many other Caucasian tree designations Nikolayev / Starostin reconstruct three separate {{cog|cau-nec-pro|-}} roots with reflexes in modern languages which are similar and tend to contaminate.

For tree names formed from a color confer Martirosyan 2010: “ display a similar etymological pattern involving a semantic derivation from ideas like ‘shiny, bright’ and ‘pure’... The connection is based on the bright whiteness of the birchbark.” Note also the names of Populus alba in other languages, which contain the word for ‘white’ or ‘silver’: {{cog|az|göy qələmə}}, {{m|az|ağcaqovaq|ağca-qovaq}}, {{cog|tr|akkavak|ak-kavak}}, {{cog|arc-jla|לְבָן|tr=ləḇān}}, {{m|arc|לְבַן|tr=ləḇan|t=white poplar}} from the root {{m|arc|ל־ב־ן|tr=l-b-n|t=white}}, {{cog|syc|ܚܘܪܐ|tr=ḥawrā}}, {{cog|ar|حَوْر}} belonging to the root {{syc-root-entry|ܚ|ܘ|ܪ}}, {{ar-root|ح و ر|nocat=1}} meaning “contrasting by white”, {{cog|ru|] ]|lit=silvery poplar}}, {{cog|ckb|سپیدار|lit=white tree}}, {{cog|en|white poplar}}. Note also {{cog|kbd|пхъэхуей||birch|lit=wood-white}}.

  • Page 1105608 bryggja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from an unattested {{der|gmq-mno|non|*bryggja}}, from {{der|gmq-mno|gem-pro|*brewwaną||to brew}}, a class 2 strong verb. It would have been the verb of the actually attested Old Norse past participle {{m|non|brugginn}}. Confer with {{cog|gmq-osw|bryggia}}.

Confer {{m|is|algildur||universal, absolute}} and {{m|is|tákn||a symbol}}.

  • Page 1119615 सा: Found match for regex: Etymology 3===

From {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*séh₂}}. Confer also masculine and neuter forms {{m|sa|स|tr=sá}}, {{m|sa|तद्|tr=tád}}.

  • Page 1132494 hadr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From Southern {{bor|cs|de|Hader||lump}}. Confer {{cog|sk|handra}}.

  • Page 1134380 böllur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|bǫllr||ball, globe; glans penis}}, from {{der|is|gem-pro|*balluz||ball}}, from {{der|is|ine-pro|*bʰoln-||a bubble}}, from {{der|is|ine-pro|*bʰel-||to blow, to inflate, to swell}}; confer the English {{m|en|ball}}.

  • Page 1181117 denuo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*new-|id=new}} From an unattested Old Latin *dē novōd, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*dē nowōd}}, equivalent to {{m|la|] + ]|t=from new}}. Confer the medieval expression {{m|la|dē novō||afresh, anew}}, as well as {{cog|fr|de nouveau||again}}, {{cog|osp|de nuevo||again}}, Old {{cog|it|di nuovo||again}}.

  • Page 1182293 huggorm: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|sv|gmq-osw|hugormber}}, from {{inh|sv|non|höggormr||a serpent}}, cognates include {{cog|is|höggormur||a poisonous snake, a serpent}}. Confer the {{cog|non|högg||a stroke, a weapon's blow}} and {{m|non|ormr||a snake, a serpent; a worm; a dragon}}.

  • Page 1199619 fløyte: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

{{root|nn|ine-pro|*bʰleh₁-|id=blow}} From {{der|nn|gml|vloite}}, {{m|gml|velute}}, from {{der|nn|dum|vloite}}, {{m|dum|flöute}}, from {{der|nn|fro|flahute}}, {{m|fro|flaüte}}. Ultimately derived off the {{der|nn|la|-}} noun {{m|la|flatus|flātus|blowing, breath}}. The verb is derived from the noun.

  • Page 1208312 griseous: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|en|ML.|grīseus}}, from {{der|en|gmw-pro|*grīs|t=grey}} (for which confer {{cog|fr|gris}} and {{cog|de|greis}}) and {{m|la|-eus}}.

  • Page 1212487 frak: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|nn|ine-pro|*preg-}} From {{inh|nn|gmq-mno|frakker}}, possibly from {{inh|nn|non|frakkr||brave}}. Related to {{m|nn|frekk}}. Confer with {{cog|is|frakkur}}.

Uhlenbeck and others consider it cognate with {{cog|sa|रमते|tr=rámate||to calm down; to enjoy; to have sex with}}, {{cog|lt|rimti||calm down}}, {{cog|got|𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃||tranquility}}, confer {{der|grc|ine-pro|*h₁rem-}}. (Beekes) suggests a {{bor|grc|pregrc}} origin.

  • Page 1229086 manutergium: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|la|manus|tergeō|t1=hand|t2=wipe, clean|-ium}}. Confer with {{m|la|mantēle}}.

  • Page 1236976 páramo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|qfa-sub-ibe|-}}, confer local {{cog|la|parămus}}, from a superlative of {{der|gl|ine-pro|*per-|t=before}} meaning "the highest" vel sim. Cognate with, for example, {{cog|pi|parama|t=superior, excellent}}.

  • Page 1277604 baldeiro: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{m|gl||balde}} (confer {{m|gl|en balde}}, {{m|gl|de balde}}) + {{af|gl|-eiro}}.

  • Page 1286300 serica: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Substantive neuter noun from {{m|la|sēricus}}. Confer with {{m|la|sēricum}}.

  • Page 1292919 lóstrego: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|gl|ine-pro|*lewk-}} Attested since 1370. Perhaps from {{der|gl|la|lūstrō||I purify; I illuminate}} from {{der|gl|la|lūstrum||sacrifice}}; or rather, given the stressed vowel /o/, from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*lowkstriko-}}, from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*lowko-||bright, light}}: confer {{cog|cy|lluched||lightning}} and North {{cog|ca|llaucet}}. Ultimately from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*lewk-||to shine}}.

  • Page 1301497 theoremation: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|grc|θεωρημάτιον}}.

  • Page 1318952 stipulor: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably derived from {{m|la|stipula|t=blade or wisp of straw}}, that played a symbolic role when the partners formally confirmed the agreement. Alternatively, confer {{cog|sa|स्थाप्य||pledge; to be kept to, checked, restrained; to fix, institute, regulate}}. {{attn|sa}}{{rfv-etym|la}}

  • Page 1326849 Zwarte Woud: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Literally, “Black Woods”. Confer {{cog|de|Schwarzwald}}.

  • Page 1335554 пехар: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|sh|de|Becher}}, itself from {{der|sh|la|bicārium}}. Confer Bulgarian {{m|bg|пахар}}, Russian {{m|ru|пахирь}}.

  • Page 1347033 -stow: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|ang|stōw||place}}, from {{der|ang|gem-pro|*stōwō||place}}, from {{der|ang|ine-pro|*steh₂w-||to set, place}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*steh₂-||to stand}}. Akin to {{cog|non|-stó||place of}}, {{cog|ofs|stō||place}}, {{cog|got|𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽||to judge, place}}. Confer the similar usage in forming toponyms in the cognate {{cog|iir}} suffix {{m|en|-stan}}. See also {{m|en|stow}}.

  • Page 1388751 Präambel: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{bor+|de|ML.|praeambulum}}, from {{der|de|la|praeambulō}}. Confer {{cog|de|preamble}}.

  • Page 1389217 víðátta: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|víður||wide}}.

  • Page 1416163 stoppistöð: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|stopp||a stop}}, confer the verb {{m|is|stoppa||to stop}} + {{m|is|stöð||a station}}.

  • Page 1419983 supremus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From earlier *suprezmo- < *superezemo- < *superisemo-, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*superisemos}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|la|superus|-issimus}}. Same development as {{m|la|extrēmus}} and {{m|la|postrēmus}}. Confer with {{m|la|summus}}.

  • Page 1426649 frétta: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Confer {{m|is|frétt||news}}.

  • Page 1428632 stjórnkerfi: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|stjórna||to govern, to control}} and {{m|is|stjórn||management, control}} + {{m|is|kerfi||a system}}.

  • Page 1430287 scando: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*skend-||to jump, dart, climb, scale, scan}}. Cognate with {{cog|sa|स्कुन्दते||to jump, rise, lift}}, {{m|sa|स्कन्दति|tr=skándati||to leap, jump, hop, dart, spring, spurt; to assail; to copulate}}, {{cog|sa|स्कन्ध|tr=skandhá||trunk, nape, shoulder; branching, scale, ordering}}, {{cog|grc|σκάνδαλον||stumbling-block}}, {{cog|sa|छन्दस्|tr=chándas||scansion, metrical aspect of verse}}.

Confer {{cog|grc|σκιρτάω||to leap, skip, bound}}, {{cog|sa|आस्क्र||attacking, assaulting; united, joined}}, {{cog|grc|σκαρθμός||leap, dance, prancing}}.

  • Page 1430295 vegeo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Old verb from {{der|la|itc-pro|*wegeō}}, from earlier {{m|itc-pro||*wegejō}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*woǵ-éye-}}, causative verb from {{m|ine-pro|*weǵ-||to be lively}}. Confer with the stative {{m|la|vigeō}}.

  • Page 1430307 vigeo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*wegēō}} (with unexpected i), from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*weǵ-eh₁-(ye)-}}, stative verb from {{m|ine-pro|*weǵ-||to be lively}}, same ultimate source of {{cog|en|wake}}. Confer with the causative {{m|la|vegeō}}.

  • Page 1442754 sincerus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*senkairos}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*sem-}} (confer Latin {{m|la|simplex}}, and {{cog|sa|सम||whole, together}}) and {{m|ine-pro|*ḱer-||grow}} (confer {{cog|sa|किर्||pour out}}). According to De Vaan, the second part of the compound derives from the unattested adjective {{m|la|*caerus}} found in the first part of {{m|la|caerimōnia}}.

  • Page 1443000 rastrum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{suffix|la|rādō|trum|alt1=rād(ō)|gloss1=I scrape}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*reh₁d-}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-trom}}. Confer with {{m|la|rādula}} and {{m|la|rallum}}. {{doublet|la|rōstrum}}.

  • Page 1443380 adbito: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|la|ad-|gloss1=to, up to, towards|bīto|gloss2=I go}}; confer {{m|la|bēto||I go}}.

  • Page 1452723 sturlast: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|sturlun||madness}}.

  • Page 1453655 pharetra: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|la|grc|φαρέτρα||quiver}} possibly from {{l|grc|φέρω}}. Confer with {{l|grc|φέρετρον}}.

  • Page 1470276 pertineo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*ten-}} From {{affix|la|per-|gloss1=through|teneō|gloss2=I hold}}. Confer, on composition and meaning, with the later formed {{m|la|perteneō||to hold constantly}}.

  • Page 1482467 neitun: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{af|is|neita|t1=to deny; to refuse|-un}}.

From {{l|grc|ἐν}}. Confer with {{l|grc|ἔσχατος}}.

  • Page 1488606 uppreisn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|rísa upp||to rise, to stand up, to rise up}} and {{m|is|reisn||grandeur; dignity}}.

  • Page 1488789 kviknakinn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|kvik-}} and {{m|is|nakinn||nude}}.

  • Page 1519949 hákarl: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|hákarl||a shark}}, {{prefix|is|há|gloss1=marks fish of the shark kind|karl|gloss2=a man}}. Related to {{m|is|háfur||a dogfish}} and {{m|is|hár||dogfish}}. Confer the {{cog|fo|hákallur}} and {{cog|ru|sc=Cyrl|акула|аку́ла}}.

  • Page 1525918 aðvörun: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|vara||to warn}} and {{m|is|vara við||to warn of something}}.

  • Page 1526459 efalaust: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|efalaus||indubitable}}; from {{m|is|efa||of doubt}} the genitive of {{m|is|efi||doubt}} and {{m|is|-laus||free of, -less}}. Literally meaning "doubtless" or "free of doubt".

Confer {{m|is|án efa||without a doubt}}.

  • Page 1526469 eflaust: Found match for regex: Etymology===

A contraction of {{m|is|efalaust||without a doubt}} which came from {{m|is|efalaus||indubitable}}; from {{m|is|efa||of doubt}} the genitive of {{m|is|efi||doubt}} and {{m|is|-laus||free of, -less}}, literally meaning "doubtless" or "free of doubt".

Confer {{m|is|án efa||without a doubt}}.

  • Page 1533077 frilla: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|friðla||a mistress, a harlot, a concubine}}, usually contracted as {{m|non|frilla}}. Cognate with {{cog|da|frille}}, confer {{m|non|friðill}}.

  • Page 1533081 friðill: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|friðill||lover, gallant}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*fridilaz}}. Confer {{m|is|frilla||concubine, mistress, harlot}} (< {{cog|non|friðla}}).

  • Page 1533164 bæli: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|bœli||a farm, a dwelling}}, from {{m|non|ból}}. Confer the Icelandic {{m|is|ból||a bed; a dwelling; a lair}} and {{m|is|býli||a farm}}.

  • Page 1533753 há-: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Confer {{m|is|hár||high}}.

  • Page 1533759 sáran: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the Old Norse {{m|non|sárr}}.

  • Page 1534383 chalonge: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|fro|la|calumnia}}. Confer Modern {{cog|fr|challenge}}. {{doublet|fro|calomnie}}.

  • Page 1544731 klaufskur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|klaufi||a klutz}}.

  • Page 1562599 hystericus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{der|la|grc|ὑστερικός||suffering in the womb, hysterical}}, from {{m|grc|ὑστέρα||womb}} from the Greek belief that hysteria was caused by a disturbance in the uterus and that it belonged exclusively to women. Confer the English {{m|en|hystero-||of or pertaining to the uterus or womb}}, the Latin suffix {{m|la|-icus}} and the French {{m|fr|hystérie}}.

  • Page 1563821 stýripinni: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|stýri||a wheel}}, {{m|is|stýra||to steer, to be at the weel; to direct}} and {{m|is|pinni||a pin}}.

Confer {{m|is|fyrirgefa||to forgive, to pardon}}, {{m|is|fyrirgefðu||I'm sorry}} and {{m|is|fyrirgefning||a pardon, forgiveness}}.

  • Page 1571576 beinharður: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|bein||a bone}} and {{m|is|harður||hard}}. Confer the Danish {{m|da|benhård}}.

  • Page 1572433 hyrni: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|horn||a horn}}.

  • Page 1580299 upprisa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|rísa upp||to rise up, to stand up}}.

  • Page 1583272 höggormur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{der|is|non|höggormr||a serpent}}, cognates include the {{cog|sv|huggorm||a viper}}. Confer the Old Norse {{m|non|högg||a stroke, a weapon's blow}} and {{m|non|ormr||a snake, a serpent; a worm; a dragon}}.

  • Page 1583279 banvænn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|bani||bane}}.

  • Page 1584420 háseti: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|há|gloss1=of an oarlock|seti|gloss2=one who sits}}, from {{m|is|hár||''róðrarþollur, keipur''; an oarlock}} and {{m|is|seti}} from the verb {{m|is|sitja||to sit}}, literally "one who sits at the oarlock"—"one who rows".

Confer the Nynorsk {{m|nn|håbsete}} and Old Swedish {{m|sv|hasæti}}.

  • Page 1587709 hófdýr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|hófur||a hoof}} and {{m|is|dýr||an animal}}. Confer the Swedish {{m|sv|hovdyr}} and German {{m|de|Huftier}}.

  • Page 1610819 söðla: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|söðull||a saddle}}.

  • Page 1613307 slappa af: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|slappa}}, confer the adjective {{m|is|slappur||slack}} and {{m|is|af||of}}. Confer the Swedish verbs {{m|sv|slappna av}} and {{m|sv|slappa}}.

  • Page 1613621 hólmganga: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|hólmganga}} (whence also {{cog|sv|holmgång}}), from {{m|is|hólmi||islet, holm}} or {{m|is|hólmur||islet, holm}} and {{m|is|ganga||walk}} (from the verb {{m|is|ganga||to walk}}); literally meaning "walk on an islet" or "island walk".

Confer {{m|is|skora á hólm||challenge to a duel}} and {{m|is|fara með sigur af hólmi||to triumph}}.

  • Page 1613659 baneitraður: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|is|ban-||deadly}} confer {{m|is|bani||bane}} and {{m|is|eitraður||poisonous}}.

  • Page 1614044 tor-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|tor-||pos=prefix|hard, difficult, wrong, bad}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*tuz-||hard, difficult, wrong, bad}}, from {{inh|is|ine-pro|*dus-||bad, ill, difficult}}.

Cognate with {{cog|fo|tor-|pos=prefix}}, {{cog|nn|tor-|pos=prefix}} and dialectal {{cog|sv|tor-|pos=prefix}}, {{cog|ang|tor-|pos=prefix}} and {{m|ang|tō-|pos=prefix}} (whence {{cog|enm|tor}}, {{m|enm|tore|pos=prefix}}, {{m|enm|toor|pos=prefix}}, whence {{cog|en|tore||hard, difficult, wearisome, tedious; strong, sturdy, great, massive; full, rich}} and {{m|en|torfer}}), {{cog|goh|zur-||mis-|pos=prefix}}, and {{cog|got|𐍄𐌿𐌶-||hard, difficult|pos=prefix}}.

Confer {{cog|grc|δυσ-||pos=prefix|bad, ill, difficult}}, {{cog|sa|दुस्-|pos=prefix}}, and {{cog|sga|do-}}.

  • Page 1616661 eyðileggja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|eyði||deserted}}.

  • Page 1618367 auka-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the verb {{m|is|auka||to increase}}.

  • Page 1636050 verufræði: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{suffix|is|vera|gloss1=reality|fræði|gloss2=-logy}}, where {{m|is|veru||of reality}} is the genitive of {{m|is|vera}}. Confer also the terms {{m|is|verulegur||real}} and {{m|is|veruleiki||reality}}.

  • Page 1664443 árás: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|ráðast á||to attack}} and {{m|is|ráðast að||to attack}}.

  • Page 1687352 colum: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Perhaps related to {{m|la|quālus|quālus/quālum|wicker basket}}. No widely agreeable etymology has been suggested for either word, but confer {{cog|sa|चालन||sieve, strainer}}.

  • Page 1709333 lepja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the {{der|is|non|lepja}}; confer English {{m|en|lap}}.

  • Page 1716372 bătătură: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{suffix|ro|bate|tură}}, or from {{inh|ro|VL.||battetura}}, from {{inh|ro|la|battuō}}. Confer Italian {{m|it|battitura}}.

  • Page 1748689 Balg: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|de|ine-pro|*bʰelǵʰ-}} {{dercat|de|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}} From {{inh|de|gmh|balc}}, from {{inh|de|goh|balg}}, from {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*balgi}}.

Words for inflated objects are often used to refer to children; compare western {{m+|de|Panz|t=child}}, which is related with {{m|de|Pansen|t=rumen}}.

{{rel-top|Cognates}} Cognate with {{cog|got|𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐍃||wineskin}}, {{cog|nl|balg}}, {{cog|en|belly}}, {{m|en|bellows}}. Confer also {{cog|ru|балка||thick plank}}, {{cog|sl|blazina||cushion}}, {{cog|ae|𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬱||cushion, cover}}, {{cog|fa|بالش|tr=bâleš||pillow}}, {{cog|hy|բարձ||sc=Armn}}, {{cog|prg|balsinis}}.

  • Page 1774036 einteymingur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|ein|t1=mono-, uni-, mono|teymingur|t2=rein on a bridle}}. Confer {{m|is|taumur}} and {{m|is|teymi}}.

  • Page 1778571 Aziaat: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Seemingly a {{back-formation|nl|Aziatisch|nocap=1}}., which has been attested since the sixteenth century. Probably ultimately from {{der|nl|la|āsiāticus}}. Confer {{cog|de|Asiate}}, {{cog|sv|asiat}} and similar terms in other North Germanic languages. {{etystub|nl}}

  • Page 1794283 broomrape: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{compound|en|broom|rape}}, part translation of species name O. rapum-genistae, where {{der|en|la|rapum}} actually means turnip, not rape. This species is parasitic on broom plants. Confer rapeseed.

  • Page 1801126 sustineo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|la|sub-|teneō|gloss2=hold; restrain}}. Confer, on composition and meaning, with the later formed {{m|la|subteneō||to hold underneath}}.

  • Page 1808933 pomus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*h₁em-}} From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*poomos}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro||*h₂po-h₁ém-os|taken off}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*h₂epo||off}} (whence {{m|la|po-}}) + {{m|ine-pro|*h₁em-||take}} (whence {{m|la|emō}}). Confer the same semantic development in Ancient Greek {{m|grc|καρπός}}.

  • Page 1822085 dreifilykill: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|dreifi|gloss1=distribution, dispersion, spreading|lykill|gloss2=a key, a cryptographic key}}. Confer {{m|is|dreifa||to distribute, to disperse}} and {{m|is|dreifing||dispersion, distribution}}.

  • Page 1824437 glyrna: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|glyrni}} in {{m|is|einglyrni||monocle}}.

  • Page 1831945 fóðrun: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{suffix|is|fóðra|t1=to feed; to line|un}}, confer {{m|is|fóður||fodder}}.

  • Page 1838093 extremus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From earlier *extrezmo- < *exterezemo- < *exterisemo-, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*eksterisemos}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|la|exter|-issimus}}. Same development as {{m|la|postrēmus}} and {{m|la|suprēmus}}. Confer with {{m|la|extimus}}.

  • Page 1840201 vettugi: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Dative form of {{m|is|vetki}}, {{m|is|vettki||nothing}}; from {{der|is|non|vættugi}}, {{m|non|vettugi}}. Confer {{m|non|hafa at vettugi}}.

From {{prefix|is|samræðis|gloss1=venereal|sjúkdómur|gloss2=disease}}. Confer {{m|is|samræði||sexual intercourse}}.

  • Page 2032034 nefastus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|nefās}}. Confer with {{m|la|nefārius}}, {{m|la|nefandus}}, {{m|la|infandus}}.

  • Page 2049650 hermi-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the verb {{m|is|herma||to mimic}} and the noun {{m|is|hermir||a simulator}}.

  • Page 2050320 napur: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|is|non|napr||cold, chilly; of a piercing cold wind}} whence the Old Norse {{m|non|nepja||chilliness, bitter cold}} and Icelandic {{m|is|nepja||bitter cold, chill}}. Confer the Old Norse {{m|non|apr||cold, sharp}} and {{m|non|nöp||chilliness}}.

  • Page 2051360 gremja: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|is|non|gremja||fretting, annoyance}}, confer the Old Norse {{m|non|gramr}} whence the Icelandic {{m|is|gramur}}.

  • Page 2083192 coemo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|la|con|emō}}. Confer with its contracted form {{m|la|cōmō}}.

  • Page 2084380 mikilsvert: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|mikill||large; great; much}} and {{m|is|verður||worthy, worth}}.

  • Page 2111294 ambaga: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|ambátt||a bondwoman, a handmaid}}, the older form {{m|is|ambótt}} and {{m|is|embætti}}.

  • Page 2143412 induo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|la|indu-|*uō|t2=to put on}}. Confer with Latin {{m|la|exuō}} and Ancient Greek {{m|grc|ἐνδύω}}.

  • Page 2159079 postremus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From earlier *postrezmo- < *posterezemo- < *posterisemo-, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*posterisemos}}. Equivalent to {{af|la|posterus|-issimus}}. Same development as {{m|la|extrēmus}} and {{m|la|suprēmus}}. Confer with {{m|la|postumus}}.

  • Page 2169072 simultas: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|simul}}, thus originally "a coming together", "encounter of two persons or parties". Confer with {{m|la|similitās}}.

  • Page 2169241 πού: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|grc|ine-pro|*kʷis}}. Confer its interrogative form {{m|grc|ποῦ}}.

  • Page 2178367 conventio: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|la|conveniō|-tiō}}. Confer with its early contracted form {{m|la|cōntiō}}.

  • Page 2182329 genimen: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|la|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-}} From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*genamen}}, from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ǵénh₁mn̥}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-||to beget”, “to give birth}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|la|gignō|-men|t1=I beget|pos2=noun-forming suffix}}. Confer with {{m|la|germen}}.

  • Page 2368058 σφύζω: Found match for regex: Etymology===

In form and meaning, the verb resembles {{m|grc|σφαδᾴζω||to toss the body about, to struggle}} and {{m|grc|σπεύδω||to urge, to hasten}}, to which confer {{cog|sa|स्पन्दते||to pulsate, beat, throb, quiver; to quicken}}, {{m|sa|स्फुरति||to pulse, beat, throb, tremble; to dart, flash; to thrash about bodily, struggle}}, and similar forms, as well as {{m|sa|भुरति||to palpitate, pulsate, dart, convulse; to move hastily; to struggle}}.

  • Page 2370884 lorum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from an extinct, but Indo-European {{bor|la|qfa-sub}} language; or, possibly for *vlōrum, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*wel-|t=to turn, wind, round}}, the same root as of {{m|la|volvō}}. Confer with {{cog|grc|εὔληρα|t=reins}}, {{cog|xcl|լար}}.

  • Page 2381846 pratum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|la|ine-pro|*preh₂-||to bend}}. Cognate with {{m|la|prāvus}}. Confer with {{m|la|campus}}.

  • Page 2424900 sedulus: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|sedeō}}. Confer with the similar senses in {{m|la|assiduus}}. Others refer it to {{prefix|la|sē|gloss1=without, apart from|dolus|gloss2=deceit, guile}}.

  • Page 2424931 sericum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Substantive neuter noun from {{m|la|sēricus}}. Confer with {{m|la|sērica}}.

  • Page 2441627 háband: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|há|gloss1=of or pertaining to the heel or articulations of the foot|band|gloss2=a string, a yard}}, Confer the Faroese {{m|fo|hábinda}} and Nynorsk {{m|nn|håbinda}} and {{m|nn|habbenda}}. Confer {{m|is|há-}} and {{m|is|hæll||a heel}}.

  • Page 2443041 vá-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|vá||danger}} and {{m|is|vo}}.

  • Page 2489105 usquam: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from {{compound|la|ut|quam}}, with intermediate {{der|la|itc-pro|*utVs||so that, as}} plus indefinitizing {{m|la|quam}}. Confer {{m|la|uspiam}}.

  • Page 2493878 Verbosität: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|de|LL.|verbōsitās}}, from {{der|de|la|verbōsus}}, from {{der|de|la|verbum||word}}; confer {{m|de|verbosit}}.

  • Page 2497166 hraðeind: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|hrað|gloss1=tachy-|eind|gloss2=particle}}, confer {{m|is|hraði||speed}} and {{m|is|hraður||fast}}.

  • Page 2637380 stór-: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|stór||large}}.

  • Page 2637729 feyja: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{m|is|fey!||damn!}}, confer {{m|is|fý}} and {{m|is|svei}}.

  • Page 2639929 nifl: Found match for regex: Etymology===

In compounds probably means “darkness”, ultimately from {{der|is|ine-pro|*nébʰos||cloud}} whence the {{der|is|gem-pro|*nebulaz}}, cognates with Old High German {{m|goh|nebul||fog}} (New High German {{m|de|nebel}}, whence {{m|de|Nebel||fog, mist, haze; nebula}}) and Latin {{m|la|nebula||fog; cloud; vapor}}.

Confer {{m|is|njóla||''poetic:'' night}}.

  • Page 2641978 -ræður: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|is|non|-rǿðr}}. Underwent an apophony (substitution of one root vowel for another) from the suffix {{m|is|-rað}} in {{m|is|hundrað|hund'''rað'''|a hundred}}. Confer the Icelandic {{m|is|hundrað}}, Latin {{m|la|ratiō||reason, calculation}}, {{m|la|reor||I reckon, calculate; I think, deem, judge}} and {{m|la|ratus||established, authoritative; fixed, certain}}.

  • Page 2641979 ræður: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

Confer the Icelandic {{m|is|ráða||solve}}.

  • Page 2645164 aðfella: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|að|gloss1=towards|fella|gloss2=something that falls}}, confer {{m|is|fella||to let fall}}.

  • Page 2647397 ósnertill: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|is|ó-|gloss1=un-, not|snertill|gloss2=tangent, something that touches}}, confer {{m|is|snerta||to touch}}.

  • Page 2649824 अयम्: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*ayám}}, from {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*ayám}}, from {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*éy}}. Confer the feminine and neuter forms {{m|sa|इयम्|g=f}} and {{m|sa|इदम्|g=n}}.

  • Page 2678294 afirandin: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|fa|آفریدن|tr=âfaridan}}.

  • Page 2690897 vangefinn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{prefix|is|van|gloss1=too little, short of, lacking in|gefa|alt2=gefinn|gloss2=given, ]}}. Confer {{m|is|vel gefinn||lit=well given|intelligent}}, {{m|is|illa gefinn||lit=badly given| unintelligent}}, and English {{m|en|gifted}}.

  • Page 2743692 adhoc: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{univerbation|la}} of {{compound|la|ad|hōc}}, a variant of {{m|la|hūc||to this place, hither}} - confer {{m|la|illōc}}/{{m|la|illūc}}.

  • Page 2754413 spurcăciune: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{suffix|ro|spurca|ciune}}. Confer also Italian {{m|it|sporcaccione}}.

  • Page 2879887 rêber: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{com|kmr|rê|t1=way, road|ber|t2=front, face}}. Confer {{cog|fa|رهبر|tr=rahbar}}

  • Page 2962869 antiguu: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|ast|la|antīquus}}; confer Spanish {{m|es|antiguo}}.

  • Page 2985425 alpendre: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested since the 13th century. Probably from {{der|gl|la|appendix||addition}}, or either from a {{der|gl|cel}} term akin to {{cog|cel-gau|*talopennos||gable}}: confer {{cog|oc|alapens||penthouse}}.

  • Page 3060193 Subtraktion: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer subtrahieren

  • Page 3080322 स्था: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|sa|ine-pro|*steh₂-}} From {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*steh₂-}}. Cognates include {{cog|pl|stać}} ({{lit|to stand|nocap=1}}), {{cog|ru|стать}}, {{cog|bg|ста́на}} ({{lit|to stand|nocap=1}}, confer with the Polish word), {{cog|la|stō}}, {{cog|grc|ἵστημι}}, {{cog|ang|standan}} ({{cog|en|stand}}).

  • Page 3089950 chapotear: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{onomatopoeic|es}}. Confer {{cog|en|splash}}, {{m|en|splosh}}, {{m|en|splish}}, {{m|en|slosh}}.

  • Page 3115794 serok: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Derived from {{af|kmr|ser|t1=head|-ok}}. Confer ‎{{cog|ckb|سەرۆک||chieftain, leader}}.

  • Page 3208576 býli: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer the Icelandic {{m|is|ból||a bed; a dwelling; a lair}} and {{m|is|bæli||a lair, a den; a bed}}.

  • Page 3229062 angarius: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{cog|grc|ἄγγαρος||Persian mounted courier}}, from an uncertain non-Greek (probably Middle Eastern) source. Confer {{m|grc|ἄγγελος}}.

  • Page 3256407 espita: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from {{der|gl|got|*𐍃𐍀𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*spitō||rod}}; alternatively from a {{der|gl|got|-}} or {{der|gl|gem-sue}} form derived from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*speutą||spear}}. Cognate with {{cog|pt|espeto}} and {{cog|es|espeto}}. Confer also {{cog|en|spit}} and {{cog|sv|spett}}.

  • Page 3261890 hýði: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|is|húð||skin}}.

  • Page 3263292 sccéuppo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|lij|la|scloppus}}, {{m|la|stloppus}}, of onomatopoeic origin. Confer {{cog|it|schioppo}}.

  • Page 3263647 schéuggio: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|lij|la|scopulus}}, from {{der|lij|grc|σκόπελος|t=lookout place” → “peak”, “headland}}. Confer {{cog|it|scoglio}}.

Probably a derivative of {{m|sa|कृन्तति}}, but confer {{cog|grc|ᾰ̓́κᾰνθᾰ||thorn, prickle}}

  • Page 3340096 fjǫr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*ferhwą}}, {{m|gem-pro|*ferhwō}}. Cognate with {{cog|ang|feorh}}, {{cog|osx|ferh}}, and {{cog|goh|ferah}}. Obsolete in modern English, German, Swedish and Danish. Confer the {{cog|de|Leib||body}} and {{m|de|leben||to live}}.

  • Page 3348422 pálsmessa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|fo|non|pálsmessa}}. Equivalent to {{compound|fo|], ]|messa|t1=Paul|t2=mass}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|-}} and {{cog|nn|pålsmesse}}.

  • Page 3387448 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/k/r/s-wa: Found match for regex: Etymology===
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rɣwjaɣ  (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *k/r/s-wa, *rwa-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *r-wa (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987)

The Chinese word family {{m|zh|] / ] / ]|t=to fall, to die, to rain}} is said to represent a rare ST parallel stem *(r)we (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also {{m|zh|雲}} ({{IPAchar|/*ɢʷən/}}, "cloud").

Confer {{cog|tai-pro|*kraːᴮ|t=gust (of rain)}} ({{cog|th|ห่า}}, {{cog|lo|ຮ່າ}}).

Although there are no known cognates, Beekes nonetheless reconstructs {{der|grc|ine-pro|*h₂mert-||miss, fail}} as the ancestor of this word.
Confer ἁ- from PIE *sm̥- "one", and PIE *mer- "to die", also various extensions of *mer- that means "to crush, rub" (Sanskrit मृणाति, √मृच्, √मृज्, √मृद्, √मृश्), since "to miss, err" is "to cause one thing dead, to cause a crush/destruction".

From {{af|grc|στῡ́φω|-τῐκός|t1=to contract}}. Confer {{cog|sa|स्थापन||stopping the flow of blood, styptic}}.

  • Page 3563064 adata: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|lt|ine-pro|*h₁edʰ-}} Akin to {{cog|lv|adata}} (see above), the suffix is {{m|lt|-ata}}. The most convincing explanation derives this word from {{cog|ine-pro|*h₁edʰ-}}, as with {{m|lt|eglė||spruce, fir}} < *ed-li, see for more. Further related to {{m|lt|adyti||to darn}}. Confer also {{m|lt|uodegà||tail}}.

  • Page 3600023 Ришат: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|ba|ar|رَشَاد|t=righteousness}}, from {{der|ba|ar|رَشَدَ|t=he is rightly guided}}, confer Rashidun.

  • Page 3601532 rallum: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|rādō|gloss=I scrape}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*reh₁d-}}. Per Michiel de Vaan, formed as *rād-lo-. Confer with {{m|la|rāstrum}} and {{m|la|rādula}}.

  • Page 3603587 similitas: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|la|similis}}. Confer with {{m|la|simultās}}.

  • Page 3606611 uls: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₂el-||beyond, other}}. Confer Latin {{m|la|alius}}.

  • Page 3666250 caragol: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{unc|ca}}. Possibly from a derivation of {{inh|ca|VL.|*cochleār}}, {{inh|ca|la|cochlea||snail}}, from {{der|ca|grc|κοχλίας||spiral, snail shell}}. Cognate with {{cog|es|-}} and {{cog|pt|caracol|t=snail}} Confer with {{m|ca|cullera||spoon}}. Alternatively, possibly of pre-Roman Indo-European origin.

  • Page 3735153 coxín: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|ast|VL.|*coxīnum||hip, thigh}} (compare {{cog|es|cojín}}, {{cog|fr|coussin}}), from {{inh|ast|la|coxa||hip}}. Alternatively from {{inh|ast|la|culcita||mattress}}; confer {{m|es|colcha||quilt}}.

  • Page 3840409 botorn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|ca|la|vulturnus}}; confer Spanish {{m|es|bochorno}}.

  • Page 3866128 nith: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{inh+|osx|gmw-pro|*nīþ}}, from {{inh|osx|gem-pro|*nīþą}}. Cognate with {{cog|ang|nīþ}}, {{cog|nl|nijd}}, {{cog|goh|nīd}} ({{cog|de|Neid}}), {{cog|non|níð}} (regional {{cog|sv|nid|}}), {{cog|got|𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸}}. Confer the {{cog|non|níðingur}}.

  • Page 3887298 atrapallar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{m|gl|trapallo|t=rag}} (confer {{m|gl|trapallada}}, "mess; hoax"), or either from {{m|gl|trapa|t=trapdoor}}.

  • Page 3889547 mexericas: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|gl|mexer|t1=to mess up|-ico|-as}}. Cognate with {{cog|pt|mexerica}}; confer {{m|pt|mexericar}}.

  • Page 3911094 grantigar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{suffix|io|grantar|gloss1=to grant, allow, confer, award|igar}}

  • Page 3918094 rachetă: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|ro|it|rocchetta}}, diminutive of {{m|it|rocca||]}}. Confer {{cog|is|raketta||a skyrocket, a rocket}}.

From {{m|fo|sær||to one self}} + {{m|fo|er||is}} (3rd person singular of {{m|fo|vera|at vera|to be}}) + {{m|fo|siður||custom}} + {{m|fo|á||in, on}} + {{m|fo|landi}} (dative of {{m|fo|land||land, country}}). Literal meaning: "To its own is custom in land", "each country has its own customs".

Confer the Icelandic phrase {{m|is|sinn er siður í landi hverju}}.

  • Page 3994035 ῥάδιξ: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|grc|ine-pro|*wréh₂ds||root}}. Confer {{m|grc|ῥίζα}}. Cognate with {{cog|la|rādīx||root}}, {{cog|la|rāmus||branch}}, {{cog|non|rót||root}} ({{cog|en|root}}), {{cog|got|𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃}}, {{cog|ang|wyrt||herb, plant}} ({{cog|en|wort}}), {{cog|sga|fren||root}}, and possibly {{cog|txb|witsako||root}}.

  • Page 3995687 leie: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From the {{inh|nn|non|-}} noun and verb {{m|non|leiða}}. Confer with {{der|nn|gem-pro|*laiþijaną}}. Related to modern {{cog|en|loathe}}.

  • Page 4093969 callao: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|cel-pro|*kalyāwo-||stone}}, either from a local {{der|gl|cel|-}} {{der|gl|qfa-sub|-}} or a borrowing from {{bor|gl|fro|-}} or {{bor|gl|pro|-}}. Confer {{cog|fr|caillou}}. Celtic cognates include {{cog|ga|gallán|t=standing stone}} and {{cog|cel-gau|*gallos}}, the source of {{cog|fro|gal|t=small pebble}}.

  • Page 4154478 momon: Found match for regex: Etymology===

A term of very complicated etymology.

Almost certainly cognate with German {{m|de|Mumme||mask}}, Dutch {{m|nl|mom||mask}}, Spanish {{m|es|momo||grimace}}.

Perhaps ultimately of the same origin as mum, with which {{m|fro|momon}}'s derived forms {{m|fro|mommer||to wear a mask}} and {{m|fro|momeor}} were often conflated when Germanic languages attempted to borrow them (confer and see "mummer"). If they are ultimately of the same origin, then it would likely be because the muffled sound that one would make while wearing a mask would be nearly identical to the "mmm" sound a mime might make while trying to remain silent. If that is the case, then the term is ultimately of onomatopoeiac origin.

  • Page 4275725 tecuicihtli: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{unc|nci}}. Confer {{m|nci|tēcuihtli}}, an archaic variant of {{m|nci|tēuctli||lord}}, and {{m|nci|cihtli||hare}}.

  • Page 4295712 cãravi: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|rup|gkm|καράβι}}, from {{der|rup|grc|καράβιον}}, from {{m|grc|κάραβος|t=boat, crab, beetle}}. Confer also Romanian {{m|ro|corabie}}.

  • Page 4348691 gobti: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Cognate with {{cog|lv|gābties|gãbtiês|t=snatch, grab}}. There has been a lot of cross-contamination between phonetically and semantically similar terms, cf. {{m|lt|gaũbti|t=cover}}, {{m|lt|glóbti|t=embrace}} and {{m|lt|gróbti|t=grab}}, the latter of which is most likely the origin of the acute accentuation in this lemma. The original circumflex can be found in {{m|lt|gãbana|t=armful}}, {{m|lt|gabénti|t=carry, transport}}. This makes projecting a {{cog|ine-bsl-pro|-}} pre-form problematic.

If connected with {{cog|la|habeō|t=have}}, {{cog|sga|gaibid|t=take, seize}} then we may suggest a {{cog|ine-pro|-}} root {{m|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-}}. However, in view of the Lithuanian accentuation and {{cog|sa|गभस्ति|tr=gábhasti-|t=hand}}, {{w|Rick Derksen}} suggests {{m|ine-pro|*gʰebʰ-|*gʰabʰ-}}, with Proto-Indo-European *a. Also confer {{cog|sla-pro|*gabati|t=seize}} and {{m|sla-pro|*xāpàti|t=seize}}, which also show unusual phonetic variation.

From {{der|en|enm|ritten||to cut, score, slit, tear}}, from {{cog|ang|*rittan||to cut, score, slit, tear,}} (confer Old High German rizzen), from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*ritjaną||to cut, scratch}} (compare with Proto-Slavic {{m|sla-pro|*rězati||to cut, carve, engrave}}). Cognate with {{cog|de|ritzen||to scratch}}. See also rat.

  • Page 5765433 brosque: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Ultimately, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*bruskaz}} (Old High German {{m|goh|brusk|t=bud, sprout, sapling}}). Also, confer {{m|gl|bosque}}.

  • Page 5769708 Cospeito: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|gl|la|cōnspectus|t=visible, distinguished}}. Confer {{cog|it|cospetto}}.

  • Page 5787196 picìn: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From an {{onomatopoeic|lij|nocap=1}} root *pikk- (confer {{cog|it|piccino}}, {{m|it|piccolo}}).

  • Page 5804451 freixa: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from {{inh|gl|la|fragia|fragium|t=fracture}}. Confer {{w|Acquafraggia}} in Italy.

  • Page 5827137 escarva: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|non|skarfr}} (confer {{cog|sv|skarv}} "joint, extension").

  • Page 5841158 komnata: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{bor+|pl|la|camīnāta}}, likely through {{der|pl|goh|-}}; confer {{cog|de|Kemenate}}.

  • Page 5841832 hå: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{inh|nn|non|há|g=f|id=aftergrass}}. Confer with {{cog|fo|hógvur}}.

  • Page 5844407 falabarato: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{compound|gl|falar|t1=to speak|barato}} ("cheap", confer {{cog|en|barter}}).

  • Page 5854139 Bergantiños: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested as Bregantinos since the 9th century; either from {{der|gl|la||Brigantīnōs|t=people of ]}}, from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*Brigantī}}, or directly from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*brigantīnos|t=king}} (confer {{cog|owl|brennin}}, {{m|owl|brennhin}}).

  • Page 5857227 estampinar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Perhaps from {{der|gl|gem-sue|}} *stampinôn, ultimately from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*stampijaną|t=to trample, beat}}. Confer {{cog|en|stamp}}.

  • Page 5869649 enfesta: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Either from {{inh|gl|la|īnfestus|t=hostil}}; or from {{m|gl||en-}} + {{m|gl||-festo}}, from {{der|gl|gem|-}}: confer {{cog|fr|faîte|t=top, summit}} and {{cog|de|First|t=ridge}}.

  • Page 5881417 Limici: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|la|qfa-sub-ibe|-}}, from {{bor|la|cel-gal|Limia}}, the Limia river, and the relational suffix {{m|und||*-ko-}}, meaning "the people of the Limia". The name Limia is from {{der|la|cel-pro|*līmo-}} ("flood; marsh", confer {{cog|cy|llif}}, "flow; stream; flood"), from {{der|la|ine-pro|*léymō|t=lake}}.

  • Page 5895892 Golmar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|ML.||Gualamari}}, genitive of {{m|la||Gualamarus}}, from a {{der|gl|gem-sue|-}} or {{der|gl|got|-}} personal name, from a compound of {{der|gl|gem-pro||*wala-|t=power, authority}} (confer {{m|gem-pro|*waldaną}}, "to rule") and {{m|gem-pro|*mērijaz|t=great; famous}}.

  • Page 5940087 seimeira: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|qfa-sub-ibe|}} salime (confer {{cog|ast|Salime}}), from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*sel-|t=to move quickly}}, and the Romance suffix {{affix|gl|-eira}}.

  • Page 5944348 depenicar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|gl|de-|pena|-icar|t2=feather}}, frequentative suffix: confer {{m|gl|abanicar}}, {{m|gl|fochicar}}.

  • Page 5945263 maniño: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From a local {{inh|gl|la||*manninus}}; from {{m|gl|la|mannus|t=pony}}, or from {{der|gl|qfa-sub-ibe|}} *mandu "young animal"; from {{der|gl|cel|-}} (confer {{cog|sga|menn}}, {{cog|cy|myn}}).

  • Page 5958908 faldriqueira: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably from {{m|gl|falda|t=fold}}. Confer also {{m|en|baldric}}.

  • Page 5968613 kostr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|non|ine-pro|*ǵews-}} From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*kustuz||trial, choice}}, from {{inh|non|ine-pro|*ǵéwstus||taste}}, ultimately from {{der|non|ine-pro|*ǵews-}}. Confer with {{cog|la|gustus}}.

  • Page 5990161 atgeirr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*atgaizaz}}, equivalent to {{affix|non|at-|geirr|t2=spear}}. Confer {{cog|en|atgar}}.

  • Page 5993797 -ugr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*-ugaz}}, made up from the stem of the preceding word, together with {{m|gem-pro|*-gaz}}. Confer with {{cog|en|-y}}. Ultimately from {{der|non|ine-pro|*-kos}}, whence also {{cog|la|-cus}}.

  • Page 5993824 -igr: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*-īgaz}}, made up from the stem of the preceding word, together with {{m|gem-pro|*-gaz}}. Confer with {{cog|en|-y}}. Ultimately from {{der|non|ine-pro|*-kos}}, whence also {{cog|la|-cus}}.

  • Page 5998217 -bre: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|gl|ine-pro|*bʰerǵʰ-}} From {{der|gl|cel-gal|-bris}} (confer {{m|la|Aviliobris}}) from {{der|gl|cel-pro|*brixs|t=fortified place}} from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*bʰerǵʰ-|*bʰr̥ǵʰs}}. Compare {{cog|en|-burgh}}.

  • Page 6004620 gebühren: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|de|gmh|gebürn}}, from {{inh|de|goh|giburien}}, {{m|goh|giburren}} (first attested around 800).

Confer {{cog|nl|gebeuren}}, from {{cog|odt|geburien||to happen, occur}}. See also {{cog|osx|giburian}}, {{cog|ang|gebyrian}}, {{cog|non|byrja}}

  • Page 6056348 beisel: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|nn|non|beizl}}. Confer {{m|da|bidsel}}.

  • Page 6086871 Chantada: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{inh|gl|ML.|plantata|t=planted}}, probably from an older petra plantata, "standing stone" (confer {{l|gl|A Pedrachantada}} and {{l|gl|Pedra Chantada}}).

  • Page 6109772 frakker: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from {{der|gmq-mno|non|frakkr}} and {{der|gmq-mno|gem-pro|*frakaz}}. Confer with {{cog|is|frakkur}}.

  • Page 6266821 -ира: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|mk|de|-ieren}}. Confer {{cog|sh|-irati}}.

  • Page 6357481 λάρος: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Probably of {{onomatopoeic|grc|title=onomatopoeic}} origin but confer {{cog|hy|լոր||quail}}.

  • Page 6365143 reconfer: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{prefix|en|re|confer}}

  • Page 6385235 tjug: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer with {{cog|non|tigr}}, {{m|non|tugr||amount of ten}}. Compare with {{cog|sv|tjog}}.

  • Page 6423284 Lumbe: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|de|Lumpen}}.

  • Page 6423375 Erfaahring: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|de|Erfahrung}}, {{cog|nl|ervaring}}.

  • Page 6428906 serek: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Likely related to {{m|kmr|ser||head}}. Confer {{cog|ckb|سەرۆک‎||leader, president}}.

  • Page 6438249 trasvirar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{affix|gl|trans-|virar}}, from {{der|gl|cel-pro|-}}, from {{der|gl|ine-pro|*weh₁y-||to twist}}. Confer {{cog|br|gwar||curved}}, from Proto-Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*wēro-||crooked}}.

  • Page 6452691 حذار: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From the root {{ar-root|ح|ذ|ر}} on the {{m|ar||فَعَالِ}} scale used to form a special group of words known in Arabic as {{l|ar|أَسْمَاء أَفْعَال}}. Confer {{l|ar|شَتَّانَ}} and {{l|ar|سُرْعَان}}.

According to Beekes, it's definitely from {{der|grc|pregrc|-}}, but confer {{cog|sa|गर्गर|tr=gárgara||whirlpool, eddy, churn; water-jar}}. Compare also {{m|grc|κορκόδρυα||drain}} and {{m|grc|κορχυρέα||subterranean drain}}.

  • Page 6500317 callau: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|gl|cel-pro|*kalyāwo-||stone}}, either from a local Celtic substrate or a borrowing from {{bor|gl|fro|-}} or {{bor|gl|pro|-}}. Confer {{cog|fr|caillou}}.

{{root|got|ine-pro|*sengʷ-}} From {{inh|got|gem-pro|*sankwą||sinking|g=n}}. Cognate to {{cog|non|sǫkk||sinking|g=n}}. The only attested sense of this word, "west", may be a {{sl|got|grc-koi|δυσμή|nocap=1}}; confer {{m|got|𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃}}.

  • Page 6563584 ontre: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Attested in Old Galician ({{w|Cantigas de Santa Maria}}) and rendered as {{m|la||unter}} in local Medieval Latin, derives probably from {{der|gl|gem-sue|}}, from {{der|gl|gem-pro|*under}}: confer {{cog|goh|unter|t=among, between}}.

  • Page 6607872 enfesto: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Either from {{inh|gl|la|īnfestus|t=hostil}}; or from {{m|gl||en-}} + {{m|gl||-festo}}, from {{der|gl|gem|-}}: confer {{cog|fr|faîte|t=top, summit}} and {{cog|de|First|t=ridge}}.

  • Page 6623206 μάρρον: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Possibly from {{der|grc|sem|-}}. Compare {{cog|akk|𒄑𒈥|tr=marru }}, {{cog|syc|ܡܪܐ|tr=marra}} and {{cog|ar|مَرّ}}. Confer also {{cog|la|marra||hoe}}.

  • Page 6781917 langobard: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{bor|nn|ML.|langobardus}}, {{m|ML.|longobardus||long-beards}}. Confer with {{cog|non|langbarðr}}. Doublet of {{m|nn|lombard}}.

  • Page 6782140 voke: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{m|nn|vòk}}, from {{der|nn|non|vǫk}}, from {{der|nn|gem-pro|*wakwō}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|våk}} and {{cog|en|wake}}.

  • Page 6782174 vòke: Found match for regex: Etymology 2===

From {{m|nn|vòk}}, from {{der|nn|non|vǫk}}, from {{der|nn|gem-pro|*wakwō}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|våk}} and {{cog|en|wake}}.

  • Page 6782181 vòka: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{m|nn|vòk}}, from {{der|nn|non|vǫk}}, from {{der|nn|gem-pro|*wakwō}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|våk}} and {{cog|en|wake}}.

  • Page 6782183 voka: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{m|nn|vòk}}, from {{der|nn|non|vǫk}}, from {{der|nn|gem-pro|*wakwō}}. Confer with {{cog|nb|våk}} and {{cog|en|wake}}.

  • Page 6783549 havsens: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{root|nn|ine-pro|*keh₂p-}} Confer with {{m|nn|hav}}. From {{inh|nn|non|hafsins}}, definite genitive singular of {{der|nn|non|haf||sea, ocean}}.

  • Page 6795333 utvortes: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{der|nn|gml|utwordes||turned outward}}. Confer with Old Norse {{m|non|útanverðr||outer}}.

  • Page 7058670 a festo: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Either from {{inh|gl|la|īnfestus|t=hostil}}; or from {{m|gl||a-}} + {{m|gl||festo}}, from {{der|gl|gem}}: confer {{cog|fr|faîte|t=top, summit}} and {{cog|de|First|t=ridge}}.

  • Page 7257001 smelle: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{onomatopoeic|nn}}. Confer {{m|nn|smell}}. The weak verb is a causative of the strong verb. The noun is derived from the verb.

  • Page 7541706 gâlt: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{bor+|ro|cu|*глътъ}} (hence {{cog|bg|гълтам|t=to swallow}}), from {{der|ro|sla-pro|*gъltъ}}, related to {{m|sla-pro|*glъtati|t=to swallow, devour}}. Confer also {{m|ro|gât}}.

  • Page 7693708 kause: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===
Kause på ulike tau.
A thumble used to avoid chafing of the rope.

From {{der|nn|nl|kous|t=stocking}}. Confer with {{cog|da|kovs}}, {{cog|sv|kaus}} and {{cog|fi|kaussi}}.

  • Page 7708902 skjegle: Found match for regex: Etymology 1===

From {{inh|nn|non|skegla}}. Confer with {{m|nn|skjegl}}.

  • Page 7739074 ناح: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{denominal verb|ar|نِيَاحَة|t=mourning}}, a transferred meaning of {{der|ar|syc|ܢܝܚܬܐ|tr=nəyāḥtā}} meaning more literally “biding, rest”. Confer {{m|ar|مَأْتَم|t=mourning}}, literally a verbal noun of {{m|ar|أَتِمَ|t=to stay, to bide}}.

  • Page 8231275 furricar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

From {{af|gl|alt1=foria|foira|t1=excrement; diarrhea|-icar}}, a frequentative suffix: confer {{m|gl|abanicar}}, {{m|gl|fochicar}}.

  • Page 8284601 στοχάς: Found match for regex: Etymology===

{{unc|grc}}. Confer with {{m|grc|στοῖχος||row in an ascending series, column}}, {{m|grc|στίχος||row or file of soldiers, line of poetry, verse}}, from {{m|grc|στείχω||walk, march, go or come, march in line or order}}, from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*steygʰ-||to walk}}. If from this root, cognate with {{cog|de|steigen}}; {{cog|en|sty}}, {{m|en|stair}}, {{m|en|stile}}{{;}} and possibly {{cog|la|vestīgō}}.

  • Page 8329146 qicik: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{m|kmr|çûk}}.

  • Page 8330726 serkar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|fa|سرکار|tr=sarkâr||chief, overseer, supervisor, superintendent}} and {{cog|ckb|سەرکار||superintendent}}.

  • Page 8334144 rizgar: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|fa|رستگار|tr=rastegâr}}, {{cog|ckb|ڕزگار‎}}.

  • Page 8349476 agah: Found match for regex: Etymology===

Confer {{cog|fa|آگاه|tr=âgâh||aware, knowing}}.

  1. ^ {{R:Lexico}}
  2. ^ womina at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 {{R:The Nynorsk Dictionary}}
  4. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|canto I}}
  5. ^ cf. {{R:grc:Beekes|635}}
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Confer with {{q|Norwegian Bokmål}} {{R:NAOB}} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NAOB" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|entre}}
  8. ^ {{R:TLFi|brosse|etym=1}}
  9. ^ {{R:Etymonline|delete}}
  10. ^ “gens”; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert, {{ISBN|978-2-84902-424-9}}
  11. ^ Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges : A Concise Dictionary of First Names. Oxford University Press 2001.
  12. ^ {{R:bat:EDBIL|page=488}}
  13. ^ {{R:gl:Olea|bira}}
  14. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|virar}}
  15. ^ {{cite-book|last=Grzega|first=Joachim|title=Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen|date=2001|publisher=M. Niemeyer|location=Tübingen|isbn=978-3-11-094440-2|url=http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/160286|page=260}} – via {{w|De Gruyter}}.
  16. ^ {{R:cel:Matasovic 2009}}
  17. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|espeto}}
  18. ^ {{R:gl:DELG|espeto}}
  19. ^ *da:ŋ.B at The Tower of Babel Project
  20. ^ Shorto, H. A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Ed. Paul Sidwell, 2006. Entry 736, p. 226
  21. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|laja}}
  22. ^ {{R:cel:Zair:2012|61}}
  23. ^ {{R:DEX}}
  24. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|garra}}
  25. ^ Íslensk orðsifjabók by Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon, page 431
  26. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|cierne}}
  27. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|galardón}}
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 {{R:Íslensk orðsifjabók 1989}}
  29. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|trapo}}
  30. ^ {{R:grc:Beekes|head=ἠλέκτωρ}}
  31. ^ {{R:grc:Frisk|vol=1|page=629}}
  32. ^ {{R:grc:Boisacq|page=319}}
  33. ^ {{R:grc:Chantraine|vol=1|page=409}}
  34. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|cochino}}
  35. ^ {{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|page=538}}
  36. ^ {{R:Sihler 1995}}
  37. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|laja}}
  38. ^ {{R:cel:Zair:2012|61}}
  39. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|lay}}
  40. ^ {{R:xcl:HSB|կաղամախ(ի)|page=376}}
  41. ^ {{R:xcl:Olsen|page=936}}
  42. ^ {{R:xcl:HAB|կաղամախ|vol=II|page=492ab}}
  43. ^ {{R:az:Hacaloğlu|tebrizî|page=275b}}
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 {{R:xcl:Sarajeva:1981}}
  45. ^ {{R:xcl:Martirosyan|page=347}}
  46. ^ {{R:xcl:Martirosyan:2013|page=114}}
  47. ^ {{R:cau:Erckert|page=111}}
  48. ^ {{R:xcl:HLP|page=612}}
  49. ^ {{R:cau:NCED|*mĭhV|url=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fcauc%2fcaucet&text_number=1256&root=config}}
  50. ^ {{R:cau:NCED|*mħĕrqwĕ ( ~ -ʕ-, -ɨ̆)|url=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fcauc%2fcaucet&text_number=1254&root=config}}
  51. ^ {{R:cau:NCED|*nŭlxV ( ~ *nɨ̆lxwV)|url=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fcauc%2fcaucet&text_number=+607&root=config}}
  52. ^ {{R:xcl:Martirosyan|page=173}}
  53. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|páramo}}
  54. ^ {{cite-book|last=Grzega|first=Joachim|title=Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen|date=2001|publisher=M. Niemeyer|location=Tübingen|isbn=978-3-11-094440-2|url=http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/160286|page=195-196}} – via {{w|De Gruyter}}.
  55. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|lustre}}
  56. ^ {{R:Nocentini|hw=stipulare}}
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.7 57.8 Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. Page 785 of the Icelandic Etymological Dictionary. Publisher: {{w|Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies}}, first edition 1989 {{ISBN|978-9979-654-01-8}} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "etym" defined multiple times with different content
  58. ^ {{R:itc:EDL}}
  59. ^ {{R:itc:EDL}}
  60. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|alpende}}
  61. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|espeto}}
  62. ^ {{R:gl:DELG|espeto}}
  63. ^ {{R:bat:EDBIL|page=151}}
  64. ^ {{R:itc:EDL|rādō|page=512}}
  65. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|mecer}}
  66. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|callao}}
  67. ^ {{R:bat:EDBIL|page=184}}
  68. ^ {{R:gal:DELG|freixa}}
  69. ^ In the Tombo of Celanova since 942: "Bregantinos" in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
  70. ^ {{cite-journal|last=Navaza|first=Gonzalo|title=A orixe literaria do nome da Coruña|journal=Revista Galega de Filoloxía|date=8 November 2016|volume=17|pages=119-164|doi=10.17979/rgf.2016.17.0.1873|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
  71. ^ Cf. {{R:Matasovic 2009|77-78}}
  72. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|estampar}}
  73. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|enhiesto}}
  74. ^ {{cite-book|author=J. P. Mallory|author2=D. Q. Adams|title=The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNUSDAAAQBAJ|accessdate=17 May 2018|date=24 August 2006|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-928791-8|page=397}}
  75. ^ {{R:gal:DELG|seimeira}}
  76. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|mañero}}
  77. ^ Confer "*mundu-" in Falileyev, Alexander (1997). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names, Aberystwyth University.
  78. ^ {{R:Matasovic 2009}}
  79. ^ Etymologie gebühren Vb., dwds.de
  80. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|callao}}
  81. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|entre}}
  82. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|enhiesto}}
  83. ^ {{R:es:DCECH|enhiesto}}
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