| Standard German cognate | Modern English cognate | Meaning of German cognate | Old English cognate | Old Norse cognate | Proto-Germanic root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahl | meal | repast | mǣl | mál | *mēlą |
| mähen; mähte; (ge)mäht |
mow; mowed; mowed |
to mow | māwan | *mēaną | |
| Mähne | mane | mane | manu | *manō | |
| Mähre | mare | decrepit old horse | mere, miere |
merr | *marhijō |
| Mal | meal | time (instance) | mǣl | mál | *mēlą |
| Mann ; Männer |
man; men |
man | mann | *mann- | |
| Marke | mark | mark | mearc | *markō | |
| Marsch | marsh | marsh | mersċ, merisċ |
Proto-West Germanic *marisk | |
| Mast | mast | mast (naut) | mæst | mastr | *mastaz |
| Maus ; Mäuse |
mouse; mice |
mouse | mūs | *mūs | |
| Mehl | meal | flour | melo, melu |
*melwą | |
| mehr (adv.); mehr- (prefix) |
more | more | māra | meiri | *maizô |
| (am) meist(en) (adv.); meist- (prefix) |
most | most | māst, mǣst |
mestr | *maistaz, *maist |
| mein | mine | my | mīn | mínn | *mīnaz |
| meinen; meinte; (ge)meint |
mean; meant; meant |
to think, to mean |
mǣnan | meina | *mainijaną |
| mild | mild | mild | milde | mildr | *mildijaz |
| Mistel | mistle(toe) | mistletoe | mistel | mistilteinn | *mistilaz |
| musste | must | had to | mōste | ||
| Name | name | name | nama, noma |
namn | *namô |
| Nase | nose | nose | nosu | *nusō | |
| Nest | nest | nest | nest | *nestaz | |
| neun | nine | nine | niġon | *newun | |
| Ochse; Ochsen |
ox; oxen |
ox | oxa | *uhsô | |
| Ofen | oven | oven | ofn | ofn | *uhnaz |
| Ohr | ear | ear | ēare | eyra | *ausô |
| Otter | otter | otter | oter, otor |
*utraz | |
| quälen; quälte; (ge)quält |
quell; quelled; quelled |
to torment | cwellan | kvelja | *kwaljaną |
| quer | queer | diagonal | þweorh | þverr | *þwerhaz |
| rammen; rammte; (ge)rammt |
ram | ram | ramm, ram, rom |
*rammaz | |
| rasch | rash (adj.) | rash (adj.), swift |
*raskuz | ||
| Raum | room | space, room |
rūm | rúm | *rūmą |
| räumen; räumte; (ge)räumt |
ream; reamed; reamed |
to make room | rȳman | rýma | *rūmijaną |
| Reh | roe (deer) | roe (deer) | rāha, rāa, rā |
rá | *raihô, *raihą |
| Reihe | row | row | rāw | *raih- | |
| rennen; rannte; (ge)rannt |
run; ran; run |
to run, to race |
rinnan | rinna, renna |
*rinnaną |
| Reue | rue | repentance, remorse, regret |
hrēow | *hrewwō | |
| Ried | reed | reed | hrēod | Proto-West Germanic *hreud | |
| Rinde | rind | bark; rind |
rinde | *rindǭ | |
| Ring | ring | ring | hring | *hringaz | |
| rinnen; rann; (ge)ronnen |
run; ran; run |
to flow | rinnan | rinna, renna |
*rinnaną |
| Rost | roost | grate, gridiron, grill |
hrōst | ||
| (ver)rotten; (ver)rottete; (ver)rottet |
rot; rotted; rotted |
to rot | rotna | *rutāną | |
| Ruder | rudder | oar, rudder |
rōþor | *rōþrą | |
| Ruhe | (un)ru(ly) | quiet, repose |
rō | *rōwō | |
| Rune | rune | rune | rūn | rún | *rūnō |
| rühren; rührte; (ge)rührt |
rear; reared; reared |
to stir; to beat; to move |
hrēran | hrœra | *hrōzijaną |
| Sack | sack | sack | sæcc | sekkr | *sakkuz |
| säen; säte; (ge)sät |
sow; sowed; sown |
to sow | sāwan | sá | *sēaną |
| Sand | sand | sand | sand | sandr | *samdaz |
| (Ge)sang | song | chant, singing |
sang, song |
sǫngr | *sangwaz |
| Sattel | saddle | saddle | sadol | sǫðull | *sadulaz |
| Sau | sow | sow | sugu | ||
| sauer | sour | sour | sūr | *sūraz | |
| Saum | seam | seam | sēam | *saumaz | |
| Schaft | shaft | shaft | sċeaft | *skaftaz | |
| schal | shoal | stale, flat, vapid |
|||
| Schale | shale | husk, pod |
*skalō | ||
| Scham | shame | shame | sċamu, sċeamu |
*skamō | |
| schämen; schämte; (ge)schämt |
shame; shamed; shamed |
to be ashamed | sċamian | ||
| schamlos | shameless | shameless | sċamlēas | ||
| Schar | share | troop | sċearu | *skarō | |
| Schauer | shower | shower, shudder |
sċūr | *skūrō | |
| schauen; schaute; (ge)schaut |
show; showed; shown/showed |
to look, to see, to behold |
sċēawian | *skawwōną | |
| scheiden; schied; (ge)schieden |
shed; shed; shed |
to separate | sċādan, sċēadan |
*skaiþaną | |
| scheinen; schien; (ge)schienen |
shine; shone; shone |
to seem | sċīnan | *skīnaną | |
| Schenk(el) | shank | thigh | sċanca | *skankô | |
| scheu | shy | shy | sċēoh | *skeuhaz | |
| scheren; schert/schiert; (ge)schoren |
shear; shore/sheared; shorn/sheared |
to shear; to bother; to mind |
sċieran | *skeraną | |
| Schiene | shin | rail, rack, splint |
scinu | *skinō | |
| schier | sheer | sheer | sċīr | *skīriz | |
| Schild | shield | shield | sċield | *skelduz | |
| Schilling | shilling | a denomination of currency | sċilling | *skillingaz | |
| Schimmer | shimmer | gleam, glimmer, clue |
|||
| schimmern; schimmerte; (ge)schimmert |
shimmer; shimmered; shimmered |
to glimmer, to shimmer |
|||
| (Ge)schirr | shear; shore/sheared; shorn/sheared |
dishware | sċieran | *skeraną | |
| schön | sheen | beautiful | sċīene | *skauniz | |
| Schuh | shoe | shoe | sċōh | *skōhaz | |
| See | sea | lake | sǣ | sær, sjár |
*saiwiz |
| See | sea | sea | sǣ | sær, sjár |
*saiwiz |
| Seele | soul | soul, spirit |
sāwol | *saiwalō | |
| sehen; sah; (ge)sehen |
see; saw; seen |
to see | sēon | sjá | *sehwaną |
| Sehne | sinew | tendon, sinew, cord |
seonu, sinu |
sin, sina |
*senawō |
| singen; sang; (ge)sungen |
sing; sang; sung |
to sing | singan | syngja | *singwaną |
| sinken; sank; (ge)sunken |
sink; sank; sunk |
to sink | sincan | *sinkwaną | |
| so | so | so | swā | svá | *swa, *swē |
| (Ge)smack | smack | taste | smæc, smæcc |
*smakkuz | |
| Sohle | sole | sole | |||
| Sohn | son | son | sunu | sonr | *sunuz |
| Sommer | summer | summer | sumor | sumar | *sumaraz |
| sonder | (a)sunder | special, set apart |
sundor- | sundr | *sundraz |
| sondern; sonderte; (ge)sondert |
sunder; sundered; sundered |
to separate | sundrian | *sundrōną | |
| Sonne | sun | sun | sunne | sunna | *sunnǭ |
| Spanne | span | margin, span, spread, range |
spann | ||
| spannen; spannte; (ge)spannt |
span; spanned; spanned |
to stretch, to tighten, to span |
spannan | *spannaną | |
| spar(sam) | spare | economical | spær | spǫrr | |
| sparen; sparte; (ge)spart |
spare; spared; spared |
to save, to conserve, to economize |
sparian | spara | *sparōną, *sparāną |
| Speck | speck (fat) | bacon, fat |
spic | *spiką | |
| Speer | spear | spear | spere | *speru | |
| Sper(ling) | sparrow | sparrow | spearwa | *sparwô | |
| Spier (rare) |
spire | first blade of grass | spīr | spíra | *spīrǭ |
| Spindel | spindle | spindle | spindle, spindel |
||
| spinnen; spann; (ge)sponnen |
spin; spun; spun |
to spin yarn; to be nuts |
spinnan | spinna | *spinnaną |
| springen; sprang; (ge)sprungen |
spring; sprang; sprung |
to jump, to leap |
springan | springa | *springaną |
| sprühen; sprühte; (ge)sprüht |
spray; sprayed; sprayed |
to spray | |||
| Stahl | steel | steel | stēle, stȳle |
stál | |
| Stall | stall | cattle shed, stable, pigsty |
steall | *stallaz | |
| Stamm | stem | trunk, stem |
stemn, stefn |
*stamniz | |
| stark | stark | strong, powerful |
stearc | *starkuz | |
| starren; starrte; (ge)starrt |
stare; stared; stared |
to stare | starian | ||
| stauen; staute; (ge)staut |
stow; stowed; stowed |
to stow; to dam |
*stōwijaną | ||
| stehlen; stahl; (ge)stohlen |
steal; stole; stolen |
to steal | stelan | stela, stjala |
*stelaną |
| steif | stiff | stiff, rigid |
stīf | *stīfaz | |
| Stein | stone | stone | stān | steinn | *stainaz |
| steuern; steuerte; (ge)steuert |
steer; steered; steered |
to steer | stīeran | stýra | *stiurijaną |
| Stier | steer | bull | stēor | *steuraz | |
| still | still | calm, silent |
stille | *stillijaz | |
| stinken; stank; (ge)stunken |
stink; stank/stunk; stunk |
to stink | stincan | *stinkwaną | |
| Stock | stock | stick, staff; floor, storey; stock, supply |
stocc | *stukkaz | |
| stören; störte; (ge)stört |
stir; stirred; stirred |
to bother so., to disturb so./sth., to perturb so./sth. |
styrian | *sturiz | |
| Strand | strand | beach | strand | strǫnd | *strandō |
| Strang | string | strand, cord, rope |
streng | strengr | *strangiz |
| streng | strong | strict, severe |
strang, strong |
strangr | *strangaz |
| Strom | stream | current, stream |
strēam | straumr | *straumaz |
| Stuhl | stool | chair | stōl | stóll | *stōlaz |
| Sturm | storm | storm | storm | stormr | *sturmaz |
| (ge)sund | sound | healthy; sound |
sund, ġesund |
*sundaz | |
| Torf | turf | peat; turf |
turf | torf, torfa |
*turbz |
| treu | true | faithful, loyal, true |
trēowe | *triwwiz | |
| Trost | trust | comfort, consolation |
traust | *traustą | |
| und | and | and | and | *andi | |
| ver- (prefix) | for- (prefix) | for- (prefix), fer- (prefix), fyr- (prefix) |
for- (prefix), fyr- (prefix), fir- (prefix) |
*firi- (prefix), *fra- (prefix) | |
| verloren | forlorn | lost | forlēosan | *fraleusaną | |
| (ver)missen; (ver)misste; (ver)misst |
miss; missed; missed |
to miss; to have something missing |
missan | missa | *missijaną |
| Vieh | fee | cattle | feoh | fé | *fehu |
| vier | four | four | fēower | fjórir | *fedwōr |
| Volk | folk | people | folc | fólk | *fulką |
| vor (prep.); vor- (prefix) |
fore- (prefix) | before, in front of |
fōr(e)- (prefix) | for- (prefix) | *furai- (prefix) |
| Wachs | wax | wax | weax | vax | *wahsą |
| wachsen; wuchs; (ge)wachsen |
wax; waxed; waxed |
to grow, to wax (grow) |
weaxan | vaxa | *wahsijaną |
| wachsen; wachste; (ge)wachst |
wax; waxed; waxed |
to wax (use wax) | |||
| Wahn | wane | insanity | wana | vanr | |
| wahr | true, real, truthful |
war(lock) | wǣr | varr | |
| Waid | woad | woad | wād | *waidą | |
| wandern; wanderte; (ge)wandert |
wander; wandered; wandered |
to hike, to wander |
wandrian | *wandrōną | |
| warm | warm | warm | wearm | varmr | *warmaz |
| warnen; warnte; (ge)warnt |
warn; warned; warned |
to warn | warnian, wearnian |
varna | *warnōną |
| waschen; wusch; (ge)waschen |
wash; washed; washen/washed |
to wash | wascan, wæscan |
*waskaną | |
| weh | woe | sore, painful |
wā | vei, væ |
*wai |
| Weise | (like)wise | way, manner |
wīs | víss | *wīsaz |
| welsch | Welsh | pertaining to romance-speaking areas of Switzerland |
welisc, wilisc |
*walhiskaz | |
| wenden; wandte/wendete; (ge)wandt/(ge)wendet |
wend; went/wended; went/wended |
to turn, to reverse |
wendan | venda | *wandijaną |
| Werk | work | work | weorc, worc |
verk | *werką |
| Wespe | wasp | wasp | wæsp | *wepsō- | |
| Wiesel | weasel | weasel | visla | *wisulǭ | |
| wild | wild | wild | wilde | *wilþijaz | |
| Wille | will | will | willa | vili | *wiljô |
| Wind | wind | wind | wind | vindr | *windaz |
| winken; winkte; (ge)wunken/(ge)winkt |
wink; winked; winked |
to wave, to beckon |
wincian | *winkōną | |
| Winter | winter | winter | winter | vintr | *wintruz |
| wirken; wirkte; (ge)wirkt |
work; worked,; worked |
to appear to be sth., to be effective |
wyrċan | *wurkijaną | |
| wohl | well | well | wel | vel | *wela |
| Wolf | wolf | wolf | wulf | *wulfaz | |
| Wolle | wool | wool | wull | *wullō | |
| wollen; wollte; (ge)wollt |
will; would; would |
to want, to will (chiefly for "to want") |
willan | vilja | *wiljaną |
| Wonne | win(some) | bliss, delight, joy |
wynsum | *wunjō | |
| Wunde | wound | sore, wound |
wund | *wundō | |
| Wunder | wonder | miracle, wonder |
wundor | *wundrą | |
| Wurm | worm | worm | wyrm | *wurmiz |