冒

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

冒 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日月山 (ABU), four-corner 6060₀, composition ⿱日目 (J) or ⿱⺜目 (GTKV))

Derived characters

• 媢, 𰌬, 帽, 𢝌, 𢯾, 㴘, 𭸛, 𣔺, 𣯀, 𤊻, 瑁, 𥈆, 𰩦, 𧛕, 𤲰, 艒, 蝐, 賵(赗), 𨩩, 𩐲
• 勖, 𭡣, 㪞, 毷, 𪃑, 萺, 𰟀, 𦽹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1538
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1499, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5192

• Unihan data for U+2F8D2

Bailang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk; compare Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky”), Tibetan དམུ་ (dmu, “sky god”).

Noun

冒 (*muh)

1. sky; heaven

References

• Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冒
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ) : phonetic 冃 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”) + semantic 目 (“eyes”).

Etymology 1

Original meaning was “to cover”.

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) connects it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“sky, clouds, fog, dark, covered”), whence Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky; rain; to hold something over the head; roof”), Tibetan མུ (mu), དམུ (dmu), རྨུ (rmu), སྨུ (smu, “(archaic) sky”).

Derivative: 帽 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

冒

1. ^† to cover
2. ^† cloth used to dress a corpse; sack for corpses
3. ^† to wear a hat
4. ^† Original form of 帽 (mào, “hat”).
5. ^† to pretend to be

   假冒  ―  jiǎmào  ―  fake

   冒名  ―  màomíng  ―  to go under someone else's name

6. to risk; to brave; to face

   冒險／冒险  ―  màoxiǎn  ―  to adventure

   冒雨  ―  màoyǔ  ―  to brave the rain

   冒著生命危險／冒着生命危险  ―  màozhe shēngmìng wēixiǎn  ―  risking one's life

7. ^† bold; thoughtless; boldly

   冒失  ―  màoshī  ―  thoughtlessly

   • 黨中央辦事，總是同地方商量，不同地方商量從來不冒下命令。 [MSC, trad.]
     党中央办事，总是同地方商量，不同地方商量从来不冒下命令。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1956, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論十大關係》 (On the Ten Major Relationships), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Dǎngzhōngyāng bànshì, zǒngshì tóng dìfāng shāngliang, bù tóng dìfāng shāngliang cónglái bù mào xià mìnglìng.

     It is the practice of the Central Committee of the Party to consult the local authorities on the matters to be taken up; it never hastily issues orders without prior consultation.

8. ^† to encroach on; to violate

   冒犯  ―  màofàn  ―  to offend

9. ^† to receive; to suffer from
10. to emit; to give off; to send out

    冒煙／冒烟  ―  màoyān  ―  to give off smoke

11. (Mandarin) to appear; to emerge
12. (dialectal Mandarin, of water) to boil
13. (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) to vomit or to have diarrhoea
14. (dialectal Mandarin) to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice

    冒菜  ―  màocài  ―  maocai

15. Alternative form of 冇 (“to not have”)
16. ^† Substitute character for 懋 (mào, “to encourage”).
17. ^† Substitute character for 芼 (mào, “name of a vegetable”).
18. ^† Original form of 瑁 (mào, “ceremonial jade”).

Etymology 2

“Covetous”. Compare 每 (OC *mɯːʔ, “to covet”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

冒

1. ^† Original form of 媢 (mào, “to envy”).
2. ^† to be greedy for; covetous

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

冒

1. ^† Only used in 瑇冒 and 毒冒, both are alternative forms of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

Etymology 4

Contracted form of 木佬佬.

Pronunciation

• (Hangzhou) Wugniu: ⁶mau, IPA^(key): /mɔ¹³/

Definitions

冒 (Hangzhounese)

1. very; quite

   冒多 [Hangzhounese]  ―  very many

2. many

   來了冒工人。 [Hangzhounese, trad.]
   来了冒工人。 [Hangzhounese, simp.]

   Many workers came.

Synonyms

Etymology 5

Transcription character, preserving the original pronunciation at the time of borrowing.

Pronunciation

Definitions

冒

1. Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú, “name of a Xiongnu chieftain”).

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	冒
Kyūjitai	冒󠄃 冒+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. risk

Readings

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mawH):

• Go-on: もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mok):

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Unknown:

• On (unclassified): まい (mai); ばい (bai)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: おかす (okasu, 冒す, Jōyō)^{←をかす (wokasu, 冒す, historical)}; おおう (ōu, 冒う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, 冒ふ, historical)}; ねたむ (netamu, 冒む); むさぼる (musaboru, 冒る)

References

• Family Register Unified Characters (戸籍統一文字) 259610

Korean

Hanja

冒 (eumhun 무릅쓸 목 (mureupsseul mok))

1. Hanja form^? of 목 (“risk, brave, dare”).

冒 (eumhun 가릴 모 (garil mo))

1. Hanja form^? of 모 (“cover, hide, conceal, veil”).

Vietnamese

Han character

冒: Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mào, mẹo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.