刮
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See also: 颳
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Translingual
Han character
刮 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 22600, composition ⿰舌刂)
Derived characters
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943
- Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 3
- Unihan data for U+522E
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 咶 | *qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd |
| 話 | *ɡroːds |
| 刮 | *kroːd |
| 鴰 | *kroːd, *koːd |
| 趏 | *kroːd, *kʰroːd |
| 舌 | *ɡroːd, *ɦbljed |
| 姡 | *ɡroːd, *ɡoːd |
| 頢 | *ɡroːd, *koːd |
| 括 | *koːd |
| 活 | *koːd, *ɡoːd |
| 适 | *koːd, *kʰoːd |
| 栝 | *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 佸 | *koːd, *ɡoːd |
| 髺 | *koːd |
| 聒 | *koːd |
| 銛 | *koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ |
| 葀 | *koːd |
| 懖 | *koːd |
| 筈 | *koːd, *kʰoːd |
| 萿 | *koːd |
| 蛞 | *kʰoːd |
| 闊 | *kʰoːd |
| 秳 | *ɡoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
刮 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠜜 劀 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): guah4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7kuaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gua
- Wade–Giles: kua1
- Yale: gwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
- Palladius: гуа (gua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwaat3
- Yale: gwaat
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat8
- Guangdong Romanization: guad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
- Hakka Romanization System: guadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: guad5
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: guah4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
- Tâi-lô: kuat
- Phofsit Daibuun: koad
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
- Tâi-lô: kuih
- Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
- Tâi-lô: kueh
- Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
- Tâi-lô: khe
- Phofsit Daibuun: qef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
- Tâi-lô: khue
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- koat - literary;
- koah - vernacular;
- kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
- khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: guêh4 / guah4 / huah4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueh / kuah / huah
- Sinological IPA (key): /kueʔ²/, /kuaʔ²/, /huaʔ²/
Note:
- guah4 - equivalent to 颳;
- huah4 - dialectal ("to sharpen").
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kwaet
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*rt/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/
Definitions
刮
- to shave; to pare off; to scrape
- 走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
- Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”)
- to wipe; to sweep
- to plunder; to extort
- (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold
- (Cantonese, slang) to find someone
Compounds
Descendants
- → Thai: กวาด (gwàat)
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
刮 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
Definitions
刮
- (Hakka) very
- 刮唔好意思 [Meixian Hakka] ― guad6 m2 hau3 yi4 si1 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― very embarrassed
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”)
References
- “刮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
刮
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
- On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)、けち (kechi)
- Kun: けずる (kezuru, 刮る)、きさぐ (kisagu, 刮ぐ)、きさげ (kisage)、こそぐ (kosogu, 刮ぐ)、こそげる (kosogeru, 刮げる)
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 刮 (MC kwaet).
Hanja
刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))
Compounds
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
Han character
刮: Hán Việt readings: quát[2][1][3]
刮: Nôm readings: quát[1][3][4]
- chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”).
- Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).