放

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

放 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人大 (YSOK), four-corner 0824₀, composition ⿰方攵)

Derived characters

• 倣 𤊦 𥓴 䢟 敖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13133
• Dae Jaweon: page 818, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1451, character 11
• Unihan data for U+653E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paŋʔ, *paŋs) : phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ) + semantic 攵 (“hand, action”) – an action, release.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

放

1. to release; to free; to liberate
2. to let out; to let go; to launch; to shoot

   放鞭炮  ―  fàng biānpào  ―  to set off firecrackers

3. to put; to place

   把書本放在桌子上。 [MSC, trad.]
   把书本放在桌子上。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bǎ shūběn fàng zài zhuōzi shang.

   Place the books on the desk.

4. to lay aside
5. (of a flower) to open out
6. to expand; to enlarge; to extend
7. to cause to fall down; to knock down
8. to put on; to play (a recording)

   放音樂／放音乐  ―  fàng yīnyuè  ―  to play music

9. to take livestock out to feed on grass; to graze; to put out to pasture; to herd
   • 1949, 劉廷雙, quotee, “文盲農民的成績”, in 林漢達, editor, 新文字手冊 [Sin Wenz Shouce], 1st edition, 中華書局出版 [Zhonghua Shugy Chuban], page 29:

     我(Wo)從(cung)八歲(ba-suei)到(dao)十一(sh-i)歲(suei)，在(zai)堡(Pu)石(Sh)圖(Tu)張(Zhang)洪貴(Hung-guei)家(gia)放(Fang) ((fang))豬(Zhu) ((zhu))，二(r)年(nian)。十一(Sh-i)歲(suei)到(dao)十三(sh-san)歲(suei)，在(zai)茂林(Maolin)東(dung)孟移屯(Mengjituen)劉(Liu)長春(Chang-Chuen)家(gia)放(fang)馬(ma)。

     我從八歲到十一歲，在堡石圖張洪貴家放豬，二年。十一歲到十三歲，在茂林東孟移屯劉長春家放馬。 [Northeastern Mandarin, trad.]
     我从八岁到十一岁，在堡石图张洪贵家放猪，二年。十一岁到十三岁，在茂林东孟移屯刘长春家放马。 [Northeastern Mandarin, simp.]

     Wǒ cóng bāsuì dào shíyīsuì, zài Pùshítú Zhāng Hóngguì jiā fàngzhū, èrnián. Shíyīsuì dào shísānsuì, zài Màolín dōng Mèngyítún Liú Chángchūn jiā fàngmǎ.

     From eight years of age to eleven years of age, I served as a swineherd for Zhang Honggui at Pushitu for two years. From eleven years of age to thirteen years of age, I served as a groom for Liu Changchun at East Mengyitun, Maolin.

10. to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
11. to distribute; to hand out; to issue; to dispense
12. to lend (to allow to be used temporarily)
13. (Cantonese) unbridled; without restraints or limits

    佢哋尋晚玩得好放。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢哋寻晚玩得好放。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    keoi⁵ dei⁶ cam⁴ maan⁵ waan² dak¹ hou² fong³.

    They played without limits last night.

14. (Sichuanese) to betroth (one's daughter) to somebody
15. ^† to cause; to make
16. ^† to banish; to exile

    • 齊宣王問曰：「湯放桀，武王伐紂，有諸？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      齐宣王问曰：「汤放桀，武王伐纣，有诸？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Qí Xuānwáng wèn yuē: “Tāng fàng Jié, Wǔwáng fá Zhòu, yǒu zhū?”

      King Xuan of Qi asked, saying, 'Was it so, that Tang banished Jie, and that King Wu smote Zhou?'

17. (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) at (used after a verb)
    • 2016, 夏友庆 [Ivan Ho], 10:05 from the start, in 颜美琴 [Gan Bee Khim], director, 《欢喜就好》 [Happy Can Already!]‎, episode 2, spoken by 梁细妹 [Liang Xi Mei] (梁志强 [Jack Neo]):

      佇厝就是關放房間佇咧睏啦 [Hokkien, trad.]
      伫厝就是关放房间伫咧困啦 [Hokkien, simp.]

      tī chhù chiū-sī kuiⁿ pàng pâng-keng tī-leh khùn--lah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

      When she is , she's usually asleep in their room (literally, When at home, is closed up in the room sleeping)

Synonyms

• (to put):

• (to open out): 開放／开放 (kāifàng), 開／开 (kāi)
• (to expand):

• (to cause to fall down): 放倒 (fàngdǎo)
• (to take livestock out to feed on grass): 放牧 (fàngmù)
• (to ignite):

• (to distribute):

• (to betroth one's daughter to somebody): 許配／许配 (xǔpèi)

Compounds

Descendants

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

放

1. Alternative form of 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble”)
2. to base on
3. to reach
4. a surname: Fang

Pronunciation 3

References

• “放”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. set free
2. release
3. fire
4. shoot
5. emit
6. banish
7. liberate

Readings

• Go-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ほう (hō, Jōyō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
• Kun: はなす (hanasu, 放す, Jōyō); はなつ (hanatsu, 放つ, Jōyō); はなれる (hanareru, 放れる, Jōyō); ほうる (hōru, 放る, Jōyō); ゆるす (yurusu, 放す)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 放 (MC pjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 방 (pang) (Yale: pang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (in 방학 (放學, banghak)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
• (to release; to shoot; to banish; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

放

Wikisource

放 (eumhun 놓을 방 (no'eul bang))

1. Hanja form^? of 방 (“to release; to let go; to emit”).
2. Hanja form^? of 방 (“to shoot; to fire”).
3. Hanja form^? of 방 (“to banish; to exile”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

放: Hán Việt readings: phóng
放: Nôm readings: phúng, phưng

1. chữ Hán form of phóng (“to emit; to launch; to throw; to release”).
2. chữ Hán form of phóng (“to rush along”).

Compounds

References