See Wiktionary:Todo/Westrobothnian cleanup for more information.

5

1. It’s anybody’s guess.

• dytt

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. (automotive) Horn.

• stuthårn

• dyyt

5

1. The imperative singular of dyyt.

5 n (masculine & feminine dänn)

1. (demonstrative) that

   wä dä sȯmma

   immediately; lit. ’with the same’

   Då båne få de lek he vill, sä grin-e int

   When the child gets the toy it wants, it cries not

   Dä likästä ji vait

   The best I know

• IPA^(key): /dælː/

  Rhymes: -álː, -ǽlː

5 n (definite singular dälle, plural däll, definite plural dälla)

1. sheep

   Synonyms: dȧs, far

Cognate with Old English demman, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurdammjan), German dämmen.

5 (preterite dämt)

1. To dam, embank, to build a dam.

5

1. Alternative form of dänn

5

1. Alternative form of dänn

• dän, den

• IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɛ́nː

From Old Norse þínn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *téynos.

5 (feminine di, neuter dätt)

1. your (singular)

   Lev a næ, kunun di?

   Is your wife still alive and kicking?

2. accusative singular of dänn

   Ji vórk int höir geudpratä dätt.

   I can't be bothered listening to your crazy talk.

Template:gmq-bot-decl-poss-pron

From Old Norse þann, accusative of sá, a descendant from Proto-Germanic *sa. Related to Old Norse sjá.

5 (neuter dä, plural de, weak masculine form n, neuter ä, plural e)

1. that

   dän ti’n far män sto i skom

   the time when my father was alive

   dänn tin hɑnn var i välmaktn

   when he was in his prime

   Då båne få dä lek he vill, sä grin-ä int.

   When the child receives the toy it wants, it doesn't cry.

   e dän seta ― those haycocks

   de næren / de næder ― the others

5

1. weak form of dänna

• däna, dena, denna, danna, den, dina, din

From Old Norse *þærna, alternative form of þarna.

• IPA^(key): , , , ,

  Rhymes: -ɛ́nːɐ, -ɛ́rnɐ

5

1. there (in or at that place)

   Dänna ligg ’n.

   There he lies. / It is placed there.

   darna derr ― right there

2. around, roughly

   se maang darna

   around that many

5

1. that one

   forn hämm en Kalle darna

   that guy Kalle went home

5 (weak form dänn or däne)

1. that

   Tornä dänna jär sä högt att hä nåkäs skynom

   That tower is so high that it reaches up to the sky.

   ve skul ta på sjut n dän lämiken

   we were to start shooting lemming

   ęn hul a ba:dtęr å bi:g udti häusęn dina, męn ę vært äint ne: bordäi dęn

   he was working and building on that house, but nothing came of it

A definite noun precedes the strong form dänna; "tornä dänna", while the weak form dänn is placed after n, neuter ä (weak form of determiner dänn, neuter dä), before the definite noun; "n dän lämiken". The strong form is most common in the nominative position, and the weak form in the accusative.

• hjänna

• dittäna
• tykkendenna

• der

From Old Norse difill, djǫfull, diell (Icelandic dífill, defill, djöfull, déll.) Compare deväl.

5 m

1. (theology) Devil.

• bävel
• djäkul
• ferel

5 f pl

1. Alternative spelling of dawhlen.

From Old Norse duga, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

5 (preterite dågd)

1. to suffice

   Skaväl int nevrä, no dåg ä

   Do not dispose of the birch bark, it is suitable enough

   Hav du na dill sätt i teugun sóm dåg?

   Do you have a horse that is good enough (to cope pulling the load)?

5 m (nominative & accusative definite singular dårn)

1. A slumber.

• dur m

5 m

1. (Christianity) judgement day

   undi dåomen

   doomed

Category:gmq-bot:Afterlife

Possibly related to draga (“to drag, to pull.”)

• IPA^(key): /dɑrɡ/, /dɑre/, /dorɡ/, /dori/

5 n (definite singular dårgjä)

1. Fir twigs, spruce needles.

• farstudårg

Compare Old Norse dorga (“to strive to achieve something”) and Gutnish dårga.

• IPA^(key): /²dɑrɡ/, /²dorɡ/

5 (preterite dårgä or dargjä)

1. (intransitive) To run with urgency and noise, to rush.

   dårg å

   to rush off, leave quickly

2. (intransitive) To quarrel and make noise.

• andörj
• dörj

5

1. Insidious, sinister.

• dörsk

Old Norse dofi + hǫgg

5 n

1. deafening strike, finishing blow, coup de grâce

5

1. whose presence brings bad luck

• döy
• dööj
• doi
• dåi

From Old Norse deyja; related to daan and da.

• IPA^(key): /døyː/, ,

  Rhymes: -ǿʏ̯ː

dö´ij (preterite dodd’ or do, supine dödd or dött)

1. (of people only) To die.

• dauen (“dead”)
• dåen (“dead”)
• dåoe (“dead”)
• dø (“dead; death”)
• dæud (“death”)

• retn (“To die (figuratively.)”)
• stehn (“To die (of animals only.)”)
• faln (“To die (of plants.)”)
• falnäs (“To die (of plants.)”)
• qwahnes (“To die (of plants.)”)

5

1. roughly treated (e.g. of fish)

5 f pl

1. Alternative spelling of dawhlen.

From Old Norse dœld (“small valley, dale, depression, hollow, furrow.”) Cognate with Icelandic dæld.

• IPA^(key): /dɞɖː/

  Rhymes: -ɞ́ɖː

5 f (definite dölda, plural dööld, definite dölden)

1. (geography) A damp basin rich in springs.

• vötodöld

• drööl
• kåltjil

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. The upper compartment of a double-deck bed.

Related to dårg (“to quarrel; rush.”)

5 (preterite & supine dörjä)

1. (transitive) To beat, slam.

   Dem dörjä å tröskä

   They threshed well.

From dæud (“death.”) Compare dawhlen.

5

1. Very.

   jö värt dörsens åll ― I became very tired

5

1. Drowsy.

5

1. Alternative form of dårsk

• IPA^(key): /²dɞːʋɐ/

  Rhymes: -ʊ̀vɐ

5 m (definite dövan)

1. so loose a bog that it can not bear to be trodden

Category:gmq-bot:Landforms

From Old Norse dynr, from Proto-Germanic *duniz. Cognate with Gutnish dyn, dun.

• (Lövånger, Burträsk) IPA^(key): /dʏːɳ/

  Rhymes: -ʏ́n, -ǿːn

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Earthquake, tremor.

• dör
• dȯr

From Old Norse dyrr, dyr, from Proto-Germanic *durz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door, gate”).

• IPA^(key): /døːr/, ,

5 f (definite singular døra, dative døɳ, plural dö`ra or dora, dative dørom)

1. a door

   doran jåra ipi

   the doors are open

• dȯragåt
• dȯrabäck
• dȯragrepa

• döver

5 (preterite døvrę)

1. tremble, shake
2. rumble strongly

From older *dímba, from Old Norse *dimba, from Proto-Germanic *dimbaną (“to fog, smoke”).

• IPA^(key): /²diːm/

  Rhymes: -ìːm

5 (preterite dimmä)

1. (intransitive) evaporate, transpirate

   Hä düm frå vattnä

   There rises a mist from the water.

• das

• IPA^(key): /dæːs/, /däːs/ Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -áːs, -ǽːs

5 n

1. sheep

   Synonyms: däll, far

5

1. come here sheep

• IPA^(key): /²dæsk/

  Rhymes: -àsk

5

1. (transitive) To beat; to whip.
2. (intransitive) To drizzle.

• (drizzle): doosk

• IPA^(key): /dæsk/

  Rhymes: -ásk

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Beating.

dȱnt

1. To bump a lot; about wagons, chaises and carts, which bump and shake a lot, and about horses that carry heavy.

   hä dȯnt sä jag tȯhl int sitt på kärrä

   It shakes so that I dare not sit on the cart.

5 m (definite singular dȯrabätkjen, definite plural dȯrabäkka)

1. threshold

From Old Norse dottr, Proto-Germanic *duttaz.

• (Umeå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ʊ́tː

5 m

1. a little bit, small piece

   ge mäg n litn dȯtt

   give me a little bit

   smaka dȯttn

   taste the bite

dȯuw +‎ klämt

5

1. squeezed numb

• dauv
• däuv

From Old Norse daufr, from Proto-Germanic *daubaz.

5

1. deaf
2. numb
3. (concerning the body) heavy and effete

   jag gjär fȧhli dȯuw i dag

   I feel pretty heavy and dull today.

• dȯuklämt

5

1. flirt, share company with men

From Old Norse æ (“ay, ever, always”), from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”).

5

1. ay

   e värr å e värr

   ever worse and worse

5

1. Alternative form of i

5

1. Alternative form of i

5

1. insignificant (lit. "next to nothing")

5

1. in a row

• addjelsj

5 f (definite eddjelsa)

1. Problem, surprise.

• eddjes

• addjes

5

1. To malfunction, go badly.
2. To prod, tease.

• eddjels

From Old Norse iðuligr, iðugligr, iðurligr.

• IPA^(key): /²eːˌdelɪ/

  Rhymes: -əlɪ, -lɪ

5

1. Continuous, constant.

From Old Norse elda.

5

1. To make fire, to keep a fire for warmth.

   hån ele för nåtta

   He made fire for the night.

Template:gmq-bot-conj

5 m pl

1. nominative & accusative indefinite plural of el

• (Umeå) IPA^(key):
• (Bygdeå, Burträsk, Lövånger) IPA^(key):
• (Skellefteå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɛ́ɡː

From Old Norse egg, from Proto-Germanic *ajją. Compare with Swedish ägg.

5 n (definite singular eggj’eð, defininte plural egg’a)

1. Egg.

From Old Norse egg from Proto-Germanic *agjō.

• (Umeå) IPA^(key): (Generalized palatalization from the definite form)
• (Bygdeå, Burträsk, Lövånger) IPA^(key):
• (Skellefteå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɛ́ɡː

5 n (definite singular eggj’eð, defininte plural egg’a)

1. The sharp edge of a cutting tool.

• eggbrøst

• Marklund, Thorsten, 1986, Skelleftemålet: grammatik och ordlista : för lekmän - av lekman , →ISBN, page 72

From Old Norse eiga, from Proto-Germanic *aiganą (“to possess, have, own”).

• IPA^(key): /èɪ̯ːɣ/

  Rhymes: -èɪ̯ːɣ

5 (preterite ått or ågd or att or atte, supine ågt)

1. to have, to own

• åg

• IPA^(key): /éɪ̯ːɣ/

  Rhymes: -éɪ̯ːɣ

5 n

1. (psychology) ownership

5 m (definite eigangjen)

1. Oath, swearing.

• aisore (“Oath-bound.”)

• äjk

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

• (Burträsk) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -éɪ̯ːk

5 f (definite eika)

1. Oak (Quercus.)

5 f (definite eika)

1. A small wooden boat, an eka, eistuk.

5

1. peculiar, distinct from others
2. stubborn, obstinate, difficult to deal with

• einkömeli
• enkönnä

From Old Norse einsaminn, einn saman. Cognate with Ostrobothnian eismend, ömsand.

• IPA^(key): /²eɪ̯ːnsɑmen/, /²eɳʂɑmːen/

5

1. lone

   Han fekk säg ä bra tag, då’n einsamen ärvd farin

   He got a good advantage when he alone inherited the father.

   molenä ensammen

   all alone

From Old Norse einstœðingr, related to einstœðr (“solitary, bereaved”). Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk einstøing, Gutnish ajnstyding.

5 m

1. Hermit; one-sided person, different from other people.

From Old Norse eitr, from Proto-Germanic *aitrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyd-, *h₂eyd-.

5 n (definite singular eitre)

1. poison
2. as an emphatic prefix intensifying a negative aspect

   eiterkallt

   bloody cold

   eitrende kallt

   bitterly cold

   eiterrassan

   furious

• eitergadd
• eitergnadd
• eiterong

From Old Norse eldr.

• IPA^(key): /éːl/, /íːl/

  Rhymes: -éːl, -ɪ́ːl

5 m (definite singular eln)

1. fire

• il

From Old Norse ertla.

• IPA^(key): /èːl/, /èlː/

  Rhymes: -èːl, -èlː

5 f (definite singular ela)

1. a bird of the family Motacillidae

• sesel
• trȯhnuel

• Larsson, Evert, Söderström, Sven, “eld s. e:l” and “ärla s. ê:l”, in Hössjömålet : ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt (in Swedish) →ISBN, page 95 and 221

Category:gmq-bot:Birds

• stret

Cognate with the other Scandinavian forms elektricitet, elektrisitet and Indonesian listrik; ultimately based on Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber.”)

• (Luleå) IPA^(key): /eleˈstreːt/

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Electricity (form of energy.)

Template:gmq-bot-decl-sg

From Old Norse eldfœri.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Flint and steel.

• ellbäin

el +‎ skåt

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Vault where the fire burns in an oven for firing brick.
2. Space for firewood next to the stove.

5

1. nominative/accusative definite singular of el

From Old Norse eldsváði.

5 m (definite singular elsvon, definite plural elsvoa)

1. conflagration

• ängj
• aainj

From Old Norse eng f or n, engi n.

5 n (definite singular engje)

1. grassy field, meadow, harvested for hay

• ängjishjon

From Old Norse ekkja (Old East Norse ænkja), from Proto-Germanic *ainakjǭ. Compare Elfdalian aintja.

• (Umeå) IPA^(key):
• (Skellefteå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɛ̀nt͡ɕ

5 f (definite singular enkja, definite plural enkjen)

1. Widow.

• IPA^(key):

5

1. completely changed

Derived from ejn, ajn (“one”).

5

1. fussy, stubborn
2. unilateral

5 (preterite & supine enskä)

1. (intransitive) whine, insist on something

Mostly about children.

• enskäs
• einskäs

• (Umeå) IPA^(key): /²enˌtɐn/

  Rhymes: -ɐn

5

1. Contraction of int’ ann.

• änxi
• äŋse
• ęɳʂi

Perhaps from ainkä si “sole/only side” = Old Norse einka síða.

5

1. eating toppings without bread

   han kȧn eta smörä änxi

   He can eat butter without bread

5

1. about all things that someone uses unilaterally

   han hȧdd enxi säng

   he had his own special bed separately

• IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -èːrɪl

5 m (definite singular erelln)

1. Gravel.

• steinerell

ér +‎ -u

• IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -èːɾʉ

5

1. scarred

   ja jer ɑlldes eru oppe øgöm

   I'm completely scarred on my face

• freikeneru (“freckled”)

From Old Norse erendi, eyrendi, eyrindi, ørendi, from Proto-Germanic *airundiją.

5 n (genitive äränäs)

1. an errand

• eran
• erän
• äran
• ärend

5

1. Alternative form of ita

Template:gmq-bot-conj

Adverbial participle of eta "to eat".

5

1. edible

• massli

Picture dictionary
sahn (gwaddn) mora (kunun) dotra (stinta) båna (småfólkjä) far’n (kjarn)
Click on labels in the image

• ätt

From Old Norse ætt, from Proto-Germanic *aihtiz.

• IPA^(key): /etː/, /ɛtː/

  Rhymes: -étː, -ɛ́tː

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Family, relatives, lineage.

• että

• åg

5 f

1. sprout from spilled seeds

From Old Norse ættaðr, equivalent to ett +‎ -ä.

5

1. born, descended from

   Hwana gjär han ättä?

   Wherefrom is he born?

From Old Norse eta (“crib, manger.”) Related to ita, åt, jäta, getu.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. A manger.

• öuskeföurat
• öskefurot

5

1. unhappy, depressed, discouraged, unhappy, out of shape

   I tjänn mä så öuskeföurat för hä vaal så skova-lotom vä sova

   I feel uneasy because I have a hard time sleeping regularly

Category:Westrobothnian terms suffixed with -ut

• IPA^(key): /foː/, /fɒː/, /fɑː/

• Rhymes: -óː

From Old Norse fá, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną.

5 (preterite fekk or fikk, plural fing, supine fatt or faije)

1. To receive, obtain.

   Han hyllrä vä’óm, dilliss han fekk hä ’an villt ― He coaxed him til he got what he wanted.

   Han fekk säg ä bra tag ― He got himself a good deal

   Fing je lik mykke i år sóm i fjol? ― Did you get as much this year as last year?

   Han fekk helä hvärvä ― He was dressed from head to foot.

   faattse ― to grab for oneself

   faattse aann ― to start breathing normally again

   fase värrmen ― to get warm

   hä fås bȧra småglirn hjänna ― one can only catch small fish here

2. To have children.

   få småfólk ― to bear children

3. To give, hand.

   Få mäg yksa! ― Hand me the axe!

4. (reflexive, intransitive) To convalesce.

   Han håll å få säg ― He’s starting to recover.

5. (auxiliary verb) May.

   fasi matt gammal hall du a vara ― May I ask how old you’re starting to become?

   fasi åm jä fatin fara dellåm ― I’ll see if I have time to visit him.

• anfått
• seinfatt

From Old Norse fár, from Proto-Germanic *fawaz.

5

1. Few.

• famönnes
• fang
• fangfor
• faräjj
• faräjjes
• feengt
• fått

5

1. To receive into the bargain (literally.)

From Old Norse fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”).

5 (comparative fegär or fäger, supine fegst or fägst)

1. fair (of good appearance), pretty

• Rietz, Johan Ernst, “Fager”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 123

5

1. Alternative form of fåli

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Alternative form of fahlkj.

• IPA^(key): /fɑɽt͡ɕ/

From Old Norse folk, fólk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. (uncountable) People.

   hȧf han mytkjä fahlkj? ― Does he have a lot of people?

From Old Norse forkr, from Proto-Germanic *furkaz.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. The shaft of gig or leister, or where this shaft is attached.

• fagjus
• fegljus

fai +‎ lios, cf. Norwegian feigdeljøs, Gutnish faigljaus

5 n

1. (folklore) magic fire, ghost flare predicting a death

fahlk +‎ -li

5

1. Sympathetic.

falk +‎ -ut.

5

1. Populated, crowded.

From Old Norse fár + mynda.

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɒːˌmœnːes/

  Rhymes: -ønːɛs

5

1. (middle voice, intransitive) To attitudinise speech and gestures.

5 n

1. fodder from the wilds

From Old Norse faðir, feðr, -faðr, -fǫðr, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr.

• fær, fär, fer

• IPA^(key): /fɑːr/, /faːr/, /fæːr/, /feːr/

5 m (definite farin or far’n, vocative fare)

1. father

   Han fekk säg ä bra tag, då’n einsamen ärvd farin

   He got a good advantage when he alone inherited the father.

   Hä var grannars far’n dill å håll prästa i år men han hadd int’ na dill å påhåll.

   It was the father of the house in the neighbouring farm's turn to be priest-host (during house hearings) this year, but he lacked what was required.

• pååpp

• farsfar
• farrbror
• gufar

• måor, mååmm
• bråor, söster, syskan
• sahn, doter
• faddar

From Old Norse for, from Proto-Germanic *furhs.

• IPA^(key): /fɑːr/, /fɒːr/, /fɔːr/

5 f (definite fara, plural fara, definite plural farana)

1. furrow

• får

• restefar

5 n

1. Alternative form of fær

From Old Norse fær, *fāʀ, from Proto-Germanic *fahaz.

• IPA^(key): , ,
  • Rhymes: -óːr

5 n

1. sheep.

• dȧs
• däll

5

1. Alternative form of fær

Category:gmq-bot:Family Category:gmq-bot:Sheep

• IPA^(key): , ,

5 m

1. vocative singular of far

• IPA^(key): , ,

5 n

1. definite nominative & accusative singular of far

From Old Norse falskr, from Middle Low German valsch, from Latin falsus.

5

1. deceitful, deceptive

From Old Norse fǫlski, from the adjective fǫlr (“pale”).

5 m

1. thin, light grey ash

• Rietz, Johan Ernst, “Farsk” and “Falsk, farsk”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 126 and 124

From Old Norse fǫðursystir; equivalent to far (“father”) +‎ söster (“sister.”).

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Paternal aunt.

5 m (definite farul’n)

1. Devil.
2. Ruffian.

• (devil): däväl
• (devil): bäväl

From Old Norse feta, fata (“to step, find one’s way, to manage.”) Doublet of feta.

• (Luleå) IPA^(key):
• (Bygdeå, Burträsk) IPA^(key):
• (Lövånger) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɒ̀tɐ

5

1. To grasp, understand.

• (Hössjö, Umeå) IPA^(key):
• (Bygdeå, Burträsk) IPA^(key):
• (Kalix) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɒ̀tɐn, -ɒ̀tɐɳ

5 n (definite singular fatanä, definite plural fatana)

1. A crooked iron handle, with which pots are lifted on and off the stove.

• grytfatan

• fata
• fæt

Old Norse fataz (“to be bound, be hindered”)

• (Luleå) IPA^(key):
• (Burträsk) IPA^(key):
• (Umeå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɒ̀tɐs

5

1. To be flawed, be lacking.

   hjänna fattas nȧlta än

   here something is lacking still

2. To damage, be detrimental.

   bo fåtas de breor?

   What’s wrong, brother?

   hwa fattas däg?

   What’s wrong with you? What hurts you?

Old Norse fata + skipti

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Judgement or ability to take one thing apart from another, discernment.

   han hȧf int nȧ fataskift

   he has no discernment

• fetaskeft
• fataskeft

Derived from fjuk. Compare fäuk and Jamtish fouke.

• IPA^(key): /féʊ̯ːk/ Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -ɞ́ɵ̯ːk

5 m or n

1. smoke, rook, roke

   snjön jär som ä fauk

   the snow is like a fog

• rauk

From Middle Low German feber, from Latin febris.

• (Burträsk, Skellefteå, Bygdeå, Lövånger) IPA^(key): /ˈfebːe̞r/

5 m (definite febbern, dative febbrom)

1. Fever.

   Ji hav febbern i faggom ― I think I have a fever coming on.

   leigg i febbrom ― to have a fever (bedridden)

• närvfebber

From Old Norse feðma, from faðmr (“armful, embrace, fathom.”).

5

1. To bring hay together into a heap.

5 f (definite femma, plural feemm, definite femmen)

1. A haystack.

   i ar värt-e mitji femmen, he vär so mitji hoie

   this year there were many haystacks, there was so much hay

• såtan

• feemn
• fämi

5 (preterite fengtä)

1. To seek intensely, strive for, go through a lot of trouble to get something.

• fegd
• faigd

From Old Norse feigð, from Proto-Germanic *faigiþō.

5 f (definite feigda, dative feigdn)

1. state of future death, (unconscious) premonition of impending death, property of being (pre)determined to die soon