para
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Paras de pataca ("potato peelings")
Para.
See also: Appendix:Variations of "para"
English
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian pàra/па̀ра, from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: päʹrə, IPA(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- (US) enPR: pärʹə, IPA(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
- Rhymes: -ɑːɹə
Noun
para (plural paras)
- (historical) A former subunit of currency in several countries in the Ottoman/Turkish and Yugoslav regions.
Translations
Etymology 2
The second part of words such as primipara and multipara
Pronunciation
Noun
para (plural paras)
- (medicine) A woman who has given birth or brought pregnancies to viable gestational age a certain number of times, indicated by the number prepended to this word.
Related terms
See also
Etymology 3
Clippings.
Pronunciation
Noun
para (plural paras)
- Clipping of paragraph.
- (military) Clipping of paratrooper.
- 2023 September 26, Dan Sabbagh, “Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:
- Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation [title]
- (US, education, informal) Clipping of paraprofessional educator.
- Clipping of paraplegic.
- 2010, Shelley Lynn Tremain, editor, Foucault and the Government of Disability:
- The problems that male paras encounter in relation to bladder management pale in significance when placed alongside the problems with bladder management that female paraplegics experience. For women paras, attempts are made to train the bladder to empty itself at regular intervals; however, accidents do happen.
Etymology 4
Shortened from paralytic
Pronunciation
Adjective
para (comparative more para, superlative most para)
Synonyms
- See Thesaurus:drunk
Etymology 5
Noun
para
- (New Zealand) Synonym of king fern (“the plant Ptisana salicina”)
See also
Anagrams
'Are'are
Noun
para
Verb
para
- be white
References
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Albanian
Etymology 1
Back formation from përpara, from Proto-Albanian *pər-parə-a, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-e/o-s (“before, in front”)
Preposition
para (+ablative)
- before
- para afatit
- before the deadline
- ago
- para dy shekujsh
- two centuries ago
- (physical position) in front of
- para një pasqyre
- in front of a mirror
- (presence) in front of, in the presence of
- para klasës
- in front of the class
Related terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).
Noun
para f (plural para, definite paraja, definite plural paratë)
Asturian
Verb
para
Bikol Central
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Spanish parar (“to stop”).
Pronunciation
Interjection
pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)
- stop! (used as a command to stop a vehicle)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)
- for
- Para sain ini?
- What's this for?
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Preposition
parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)
- because of
- Para kaiyan?
- Because of that?
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Noun
parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)
Derived terms
Catalan
Verb
para
- inflection of parar:
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: pa‧ra
Verb
para
- to flag down; to signal to, especially to stop a passing vehicle etc.
- to signal a driver to stop in order for one to alight a vehicle
Preposition
para
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
| Alternative scripts | |
|---|---|
| Arabic | پاره |
| Cyrillic | пара |
| Latin | para |
Noun
para
Declension
Declension of para
| nominative | para |
|---|---|
| genitive | paranıñ |
| dative | parağa |
| accusative | paranı |
| locative | parada |
| ablative | paradan |
Synonyms
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: pa‧ra
Etymology 1
Borrowed from English para (paratrooper).
Noun
para f or m (plural para's)
- para (paratrooper)
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Adjective
para (comparative paraer, superlative para'st)
Esperanto
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adjective
para (accusative singular paran, plural paraj, accusative plural parajn)
Finnish
Etymology
Probably borrowed from North Germanic, from the same origin as Swedish bära (“to carry, bear”).
Pronunciation
Noun
para
Declension
| Inflection of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | para | parat | ||
| genitive | paran | parojen | ||
| partitive | paraa | paroja | ||
| illative | paraan | paroihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | para | parat | ||
| accusative | nom. | para | parat | |
| gen. | paran | |||
| genitive | paran | parojen parainrare | ||
| partitive | paraa | paroja | ||
| inessive | parassa | paroissa | ||
| elative | parasta | paroista | ||
| illative | paraan | paroihin | ||
| adessive | paralla | paroilla | ||
| ablative | paralta | paroilta | ||
| allative | paralle | paroille | ||
| essive | parana | paroina | ||
| translative | paraksi | paroiksi | ||
| abessive | paratta | paroitta | ||
| instructive | — | paroin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “para”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
French
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
para
- third-person singular past historic of parer
Anagrams
Galician
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese pera, para, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Preposition
para
- for (directed at, intended to belong to)
- for (to obtain)
- to, toward (indicating destination)
- for (by the standards of)
- (after a form of estar) about to
Usage notes
In spoken language this preposition frequently contracts with the next word, especially with articles and pronouns, but today these contraction are not usually represented in the written language.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Deverbal from parar (“to prepare”). Cognate with Portuguese apara.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f (plural paras)
- peeling (of a fruit, vegetable, cheese)
- shaving, woodshaving
Related terms
Etymology 3
Verb
para
- inflection of parar:
- (reintegrationist norm) inflection of parir:
References
- “para” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “para” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “para” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “para” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “para” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Gamo
Noun
para
References
- Corinna Handschuh, A typology of marked-S languages
Guaraní
Etymology
Noun
para
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Of uncertain origin.
Noun
para (usually uncountable, plural parák)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | para | parák |
| accusative | parát | parákat |
| dative | parának | paráknak |
| instrumental | parával | parákkal |
| causal-final | paráért | parákért |
| translative | parává | parákká |
| terminative | paráig | parákig |
| essive-formal | paraként | parákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | parában | parákban |
| superessive | parán | parákon |
| adessive | paránál | paráknál |
| illative | parába | parákba |
| sublative | parára | parákra |
| allative | parához | parákhoz |
| elative | parából | parákból |
| delative | paráról | parákról |
| ablative | parától | paráktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
paráé | paráké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
paráéi | parákéi |
| Possessive forms of para | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | parám | paráim |
| 2nd person sing. | parád | paráid |
| 3rd person sing. | parája | parái |
| 1st person plural | paránk | paráink |
| 2nd person plural | parátok | paráitok |
| 3rd person plural | parájuk | paráik |
Derived terms
Compound words
Etymology 2
Perhaps from paranoia.
Noun
para
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | para | parák |
| accusative | parát | parákat |
| dative | parának | paráknak |
| instrumental | parával | parákkal |
| causal-final | paráért | parákért |
| translative | parává | parákká |
| terminative | paráig | parákig |
| essive-formal | paraként | parákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | parában | parákban |
| superessive | parán | parákon |
| adessive | paránál | paráknál |
| illative | parába | parákba |
| sublative | parára | parákra |
| allative | parához | parákhoz |
| elative | parából | parákból |
| delative | paráról | parákról |
| ablative | parától | paráktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
paráé | paráké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
paráéi | parákéi |
| Possessive forms of para | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | parám | paráim |
| 2nd person sing. | parád | paráid |
| 3rd person sing. | parája | parái |
| 1st person plural | paránk | paráink |
| 2nd person plural | parátok | paráitok |
| 3rd person plural | parájuk | paráik |
Derived terms
Adjective
para (comparative parább, superlative legparább)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | para | parák |
| accusative | parát | parákat |
| dative | parának | paráknak |
| instrumental | parával | parákkal |
| causal-final | paráért | parákért |
| translative | parává | parákká |
| terminative | paráig | parákig |
| essive-formal | paraként | parákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | parában | parákban |
| superessive | parán | parákon |
| adessive | paránál | paráknál |
| illative | parába | parákba |
| sublative | parára | parákra |
| allative | parához | parákhoz |
| elative | parából | parákból |
| delative | paráról | parákról |
| ablative | parától | paráktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
paráé | paráké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
paráéi | parákéi |
Etymology 3
From paraméter.
Noun
para
- (slang) (physical) parameter (height, weight, and age, often asked at the beginning of online dating)
- Synonym: paraméter
- Mik a paráid? ― What are your parameters?
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | para | parák |
| accusative | parát | parákat |
| dative | parának | paráknak |
| instrumental | parával | parákkal |
| causal-final | paráért | parákért |
| translative | parává | parákká |
| terminative | paráig | parákig |
| essive-formal | paraként | parákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | parában | parákban |
| superessive | parán | parákon |
| adessive | paránál | paráknál |
| illative | parába | parákba |
| sublative | parára | parákra |
| allative | parához | parákhoz |
| elative | parából | parákból |
| delative | paráról | parákról |
| ablative | parától | paráktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
paráé | paráké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
paráéi | parákéi |
| Possessive forms of para | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | parám | paráim |
| 2nd person sing. | parád | paráid |
| 3rd person sing. | parája | parái |
| 1st person plural | paránk | paráink |
| 2nd person plural | parátok | paráitok |
| 3rd person plural | parájuk | paráik |
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para, “money”), from Persian پاره (pâre, “piece”).
Noun
para (plural parák)
- para (a subunit of Ottoman currency)
Derived terms
Further reading
- parafa and paratölgy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Adjective
para
Antonyms
Indonesian
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).
Pronunciation
Particle
para
- definitive particle used to denote that the word preceded is plural
- para siswa ― students
Usage notes
- This particle is only used in human nouns. Plural forms of other nouns are formed by duplication.
See also
Ingrian
Etymology
Akin to Finnish para and Karelian para.
Pronunciation
Noun
para
Declension
| Declension of para (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | para | parat |
| genitive | paran | parroin |
| partitive | parraa | paroja |
| illative | parraa | parroi |
| inessive | paras | parois |
| elative | parast | paroist |
| allative | paralle | paroille |
| adessive | paral | paroil |
| ablative | paralt | paroilt |
| translative | paraks | paroiks |
| essive | paranna, parraan | paroinna, parroin |
| exessive1) | parant | paroint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 383
Italian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Pará, Brazil, where it is produced.
Noun
para f (plural pare)
- crepe rubber
- crepe (for shoes)
Etymology 2
Noun
para f (uncountable)
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
para
- inflection of parare:
Anagrams
Javanese
Article
para
- marker of group or collectivity
Kabuverdianu
Etymology
From Portuguese parar.
Verb
para
- to stop
Kashubian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzëc.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f
Further reading
- Bernard Sychta (1967-1973) “para”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 4, page 27
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “para woda”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
- “para”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latin
Verb
parā
References
- para in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- "para", in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Lithuanian
Noun
para f
- 24 hours (day)
- Aš manau kad užtruks apie vieną parą.
- I think it will take about 24 hours.
Malay
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).
Prefix
para (Jawi spelling ڤارا)
- definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural
- para murid ― students
Descendants
- Indonesian: para
Etymology 2
From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).
Noun
para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para, informal 1st possessive paraku, 2nd possessive paramu, 3rd possessive paranya)
Descendants
- Indonesian: para
Further reading
- “para” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*paRa₂”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*paRa₁”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Masurian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parżicz.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f
Further reading
- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “I. para”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 29
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Noun
para n pl
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
para n pl
Old Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć. First attested in 1420.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f
- steam
- breath
- 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 270:
- Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus dvch, para
- [Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus duch, para]
- c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 129r:
- Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem pąrą vel dech
- [Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem para vel dech]
Derived terms
adjectives
Related terms
nouns
Descendants
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Middle High German pâr. First attested in 1447.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f
- pair (two of the same or similar things)
- 1912 [1447], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 156:
- Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tharling pannorum coltryskych, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par *puolstuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tharling staminorum vlg. *puolstuczkow coltryskych dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par *puolstuczkuow per XII florenos Vngaricales
- [Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tarlink pannorum koltryskich, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par połusztuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tarlink staminorum vlg. połusztuczkow koltryskich dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par połusztuczk[u]ow per XII florenos Vngaricales]
Descendants
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “para I-II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “para I-II”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “para 1-2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “para”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “para”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit पर (para), from Proto-Indo-European *per-.
Adjective
para
- other, another
- alien
- outsider
- further (on)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
Declension
Declension table of "para" (masculine)
Declension table of "parā" (feminine)
Declension table of "para" (neuter)
Derived terms
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “para”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Papiamentu
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Etymology 1
From Spanish pájaro and Portuguese pássaro and Kabuverdianu pasaru.
Noun
para
Etymology 2
From Portuguese parar and Spanish parar and Kabuverdianu para.
Verb
para
Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpa.ra/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpa.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ara
- Syllabification: pa‧ra
- Homophones: Para, para-
Noun
para f (related adjective parowy)
- (uncountable) steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
- (uncountable, colloquial) steam (internal energy for progress or motive power)
- (uncountable) breath
Declension
Declension of para
Derived terms
adverbs
nouns
verbs
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish para (“pair”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpa.ra/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpɒ.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ara
- Syllabification: pa‧ra
- Homophones: Para, para-
Noun
para f
- (countable) pair (two similar or identical things taken together)
- (countable) pair (two symmetrical organs or limbs)
- (countable) pair (object made of two things, such as scissors or pants)
- (countable) pair (two people, animals, or groups in the same place at the same time)
- (countable) pair, couple (two people in a relationship or partnership)
Declension
Declension of para
Derived terms
adverbs
nouns
proverbs
Descendants
- → Kashubian: pôra
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
para
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), para is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 43 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 4 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 87 times, making it the 733rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- para in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- para in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 50
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From earlier pera, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: pa‧ra
Preposition
para
- for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
- Ração para gatos.
- Food for cats.
- O que é bom para gripe?
- What is good for the flu?
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 186:
- Tenho um recado para você.
- I have a message for you.
- indicates application of an adjective; to
- 2001, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 514:
- E quantos serão bastante tolos para ficar longe de mim?
- And how many will be foolish enough to stay away from me?
- to; so; in order to (indicates purpose)
- Comprei um baixo para tocar numa banda.
- I bought a bass to play in a band.
- towards; to; in the direction of (indicates destination)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 656:
- Ele podia ouvi-la se deslocando para a direita, para obter uma visão desimpedida dele.
- He could hear her moving herself to the right, to obtain an unobstructed view of him.
- introduces the location, direction or context that applies to a verb
- Essa janela abre para um longo vale.
- That window opens into a long valley.
- to (to the value of)
- A cor da banana mudou de amarelo para preto.
- The colour of the banana changed from yellow to black.
- O valor da minha casa baixou para menos do que o que eu paguei.
- The value of my house has fallen to less than what I paid.
- in the opinion of
- Para mim, este livro é um dos melhores da história.
- In my opinion, this book is one of the best ever.
- (with an infinitive) about to; soon to be (indicates that something will happen soon)
Contraction
Para + definite article contractions are colloquial. Those without r are nonstandard:
Para + indefinite article contractions are also nonstandard, but are not as common:
There are some para + personal pronoun contractions, which are also nonstandard and uncommon in writing:
- para + eu → preu
- para + você → procê
- para + ele → prele
- para + eles → preles
- para + ela → prela
- para + elas → prelas
Usage notes
Some senses of para, such as 'in order to', introduce a subordinate clause. When this clause begins with a personal pronoun, some Brazilian speakers use a prepositional pronoun instead of a nominative one:
- Comprei um bolo para mim comer.
- I bought a cake for me to eat.
instead of the standard,
- Comprei um bolo para eu comer.
- I bought a cake for me to eat.
Such usage is strongly proscribed.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:para.
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aɾɐ
- Hyphenation: pa‧ra
Verb
para
- inflection of parar:
Quechua
Noun
para
Derived terms
See also
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para), from Persian پاره (pâre).
Noun
para f (plural parale)
Declension
Declension of para
Verb
a para (third-person singular present parează, past participle parat) 1st conj.
Noun
para
See also
References
- Julio Salinardi, Córdoba y Traslasierra: integración y disgregación (2006): Con respecto a la lengua sanavirona, hay algunas palabras cuyo significado es seguro, tales comon sacat (pueblo), charaba (cacique), para (agua) y mampa (acequia).
- Čestmír Loukotka, Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 48
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
pȁra f (Cyrillic spelling па̏ра)
Declension
Declension of para
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).
Pronunciation
Noun
pàra f (Cyrillic spelling па̀ра)
- para (Yugoslav currency)
- (colloquial) money, dough, moola (usually in plural)
- 2010 April 12, Dubioza kolektiv (lyrics and music), “Kokuz”:
Declension
Declension of para
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzić.
Pronunciation
Noun
para f
- steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
Derived terms
adjectives
verbs
Related terms
nouns
Further reading
- para in silling.org
- Bogdan Kallus (2020) “para”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN
- Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “para”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 469
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From earlier pora (a combination of por and a, or from Latin prō ad) via assimilation, influenced by the archaic preposition par.
Preposition
para
- for, to (expressing a recipient)
- to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
- Estudio cada noche sin descanso para conseguir un trabajo decente al fin de todo esto.
- I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job at the end of all this.
- Voy a salir temprano para evitar el tráfico.
- I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.
- by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)
- Necesito tu decisión para fin de mes.
- I need your decision by the end of the month.
- Sus proyectos de grupo son para el viernes sin excepción.
- Your group projects are due on Friday without exception.
- for (expressing contrast from what is expected)
- Para un turista americano, él es en realidad bastante respetuoso.
- For an American tourist, he is actually pretty respectful.
- for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)
- Para mí, la música es lo único bueno sobre esa película.
- For me, the music was the only good thing about that film.
- Para mi hermano, su esposa tiene toda la razón.
- As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.
- for (expressing using one's efforts for a group or an authority figure such as a sports team or a company/boss)
- Mi sobrino juega para el equipo de los Patos Poderosos.
- My nephew plays for the Mighty Ducks' team.
- Trabajamos para la misma jefe aunque no al mismo tiempo.
- We worked for the same boss but not at the same time.
- Ella trabajó para Microsoft durante años, pero ahora trabaja para Apple.
- She worked for Microsoft for years, but now she works for Apple.
- come (used to indicate a point in time at or after which a stated event or situation occurs)
- Para septiembre, me estaré quedando atrás.
- Come September, I'll be getting left behind.
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
para
- inflection of parar:
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
para
- inflection of parir:
Further reading
- “para”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology 1
Verb
para (present parar, preterite parade, supine parat, imperative para)
- to pair, match into pairs
- (transitive) to breed (two animals)
- (reflexive, of animals) to mate, breed
Conjugation
Conjugation of para (weak)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | para | paras | ||
| Supine | parat | parats | ||
| Imperative | para | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | paren | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | parar | parade | paras | parades |
| Ind. plural1 | para | parade | paras | parades |
| Subjunctive2 | pare | parade | pares | parades |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | parande | |||
| Past participle | parad | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
Related terms
Etymology 2
Noun
para c
Derived terms
References
- para in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- para in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- para in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
Tagalog
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).
Conjunction
para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)
- for; so; in order to
Preposition
para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)
- for
- Nagtatrabaho si Ate Virgie para sa kanyang pamilya.
- Virgie works for her family.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Spanish para (“stop”) (second person singular imperative), from parar (“stop”).
Interjection
para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)
- Said by any jeepney passenger to call onto the driver to halt the vehicle, with the intention of dismounting.
Usage notes
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 3
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare Ilocano pada, Malay pada, Makasar ᨄᨑ (para), Old Javanese paḍa. Also possibly borrowed from Spanish comparar.
Adjective
para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)
- looking like; seem
- Synonym: mukha
- Para kang tanga...
- You look like an idiot...
- Parang may gusto ka sa akin.
- You seem to like me / have a crush on me.
Usage notes
- This word is now usually seen as parang, except when an enclitic is used which separates para and -ng, although this could be ignored also and have the enclitic after the word parang modifies.
- Parang... Parang aso siya.(instead of Para siyang aso.)
- It looks like... It looks like a dog.
- This word may appear as parang alone. For example, when agreeing with someone that it actually looks like a dog, you reply with parang “It seems so”, or parang nga “It actually looks like one”.
- This word used to be used like tulad or gaya, it used genitive case (ng, mo, etc.) instead of the linker -ng. Seen in the Lord's Prayer (Ama Namin), which is still preserved today. The Lord's Prayer spells ng as nang.
- Dito sa lupa, para nang sa langit.
- On earth as it is in heaven.
Derived terms
See also
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre). Doublet of pare.
Pronunciation
Noun
para (definite accusative parayı, plural paralar)
Declension
| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | para | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | parayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | para | paralar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | parayı | paraları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | paraya | paralara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | parada | paralarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | paradan | paralardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | paranın | paraların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- (informal) beş para etmez (“twopenny-ha'penny, inconsequential, ineffective, contemptible”)
- (informal) beş parasız (“stone broke”)
- (informal) para babası (“rolling in money”)
- (idiomatic) para pul (“material wealth,fiat and representative money”)
- paralı
- parasız
- sahte para (“counterfeit money”)
Descendants
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈpara/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈpa(ː)ra/
Verb
para (first-person singular present paraf)
- Alternative form of parhau (“to endure, to last”)
Conjugation
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | para i, paraf i | pari di | parith o/e/hi, pariff e/hi | parwn ni | parwch chi | paran nhw |
| conditional | parwn i, parswn i | paret ti, parset ti | parai fo/fe/hi, parsai fo/fe/hi | paren ni, parsen ni | parech chi, parsech chi | paren nhw, parsen nhw |
| preterite | parais i, pares i | paraist ti, parest ti | parodd o/e/hi | paron ni | paroch chi | paron nhw |
| imperative | — | para | — | — | parwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Noun
para m (uncountable)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| para | bara | mhara | phara |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “parhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies