See Wiktionary:Todo/Westrobothnian cleanup for more information.

• gvalv

Compare Old English hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn; compare”).

• IPA^(key): , , Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

hwä́hlf

1. round, spherical, ball-shaped

   han gjär hwählf sȯm n bȯll

   He is round like a ball.

• Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten, 1804, Ordbok över Umemålet →ISBN page 151

• wähll

Corresponding to an older form *(h)vesl, from Old Norse vesæll, vesall, parallel form of úsæll, whence ussel (“sickly”) (*úsl). Cognate to Elfdalian wisäl, wisel.

11

1. stingy, niggardly

   du wȧr fȧhli hwällh

   You are frightfully stingy

• hwinnbȯrr

11 m (definite singular hwänbȯrrn, definite plural hwänbȯrra)

1. three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Category:gmq-bot:Fish

• hvännäs

11

1. (middle voice, intransitive) To squint.
2. (middle voice, intransitive) To grin; show teeth and want to bite (of horses.)

• onn
• onnäs

From Old Norse vafla, vafra (*hvafla); compare Norwegian vavla, Old English væflan, Scots waffle, English waver.

• IPA^(key): /²ɡwaːveɽ/, /²wæːveɽ/

11

1. to jest, twaddle, banter, chatter

   står å hwȧfwehl dänna

   stand there and talk nonsense

• hwȧfwel

11 n (definite singular hwȧfwlä, definite plural hwȧfwla)

1. a gabbler, chatterbox
2. a joke

• hwȧfwehl

hwǡrtkjȯ̆m (hwǡrtkjŏm)

1. unruly; said most of young children, who are in constant motion, kicking, fencing with their hands and tossing the body, so that you can hardly keep them in your hands

   lill gȯssn män hȧ då wohtti sä hwȧrtkjom

   my little boy has become so unruly, namely that he is in such constant motion, you can hardly keep his hands

• Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten “varköm a hwǡrtkjȯ̆m”, in Ordbok över Umemålet , →ISBN, page 144

From Old Norse velgja.

• Rhymes: -ʊ̀ɽɪ

11 f (definite singular hwȯhlja)

1. a green, in appearance unpleasant slime, which grows in stagnant water, preferably in the lakes among the grass in shallow water
2. slime that sits at the brim of wooden vessels

• hvorske, hyssji, hvyssji

From older horsken, horgen, from Old Norse hvártki, properly the neuter nominative and accusative of hvárrgi, i.e. the pronoun hvárr with the suffix -gi. Compare Norwegian korkje.

hwȯ´ssskjä̆

1. neither (used with ell (“or”))

   hwȯssskjä ett ell ȧnnä

   neither one nor the other

• hvórskederä, hviskederä, hyssjiderä, hyssjidärn (“neither (of them both)”)
• hvórskejerä, hyssjijirä (“neither of you (pl)”)
• hvórskevórä, hviskevorä, hyssjivorä (“neither of us both”)

• Stenberg, Pehr, Widmark, Gusten “varke(n) hwȯ´ssskjä̆”, in Ordbok över Umemålet , →ISBN, page 144

From Old Norse hýða, derived from húð.

11

1. (transitive) to birch children

• hu

Probably from Finnish.

11 f

1. gnat, the smallest species of the mosquito genus: Ceratopogon pulicaris

• gnadd

Category:gmq-bot:Dipterans

From Old Norse hýði.

• IPA^(key): /²ˈhyːˌən/

  Rhymes: -ỳːən, -ən

11 n (definite hyene, dative hyenen)

1. (botany) film between shell and kernel

Compare Norwegian hykjel and høkel; related to haka and hȯku.

11 m (definite plural hykklän)

1. (anatomy) heel

   Vakt hykklän diin

   watch your heels

• hehl

Compare Old Norse hylli f (“grace, favour”).

11 (preterite hyllrä)

1. flatter, speak beautifully with children or vulnerable people to induce them to what you want

   Han hyllrä vä’óm, dilliss han fekk hä ’an villt

   He blandished him until he got what he sought.

2. stroke and cherish cattle, treat cattle well

From Old Norse hýski (or an identical derivation), from hús.

11 n (definite hystje)

1. privy

Like Danish hive, Norwegian hive, hiva, Swedish hiva from English heave. Doublet of he (“put.”)

11

1. (transitive) To toss, throw.

From Middle Low German hǖlen, hûlen, from Old Saxon *hūwilōn, *hūlōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūwilōną.

11 (preterite hylä)

1. (intransitive) To howl, shout.

• yl
• uhl

11

1. (intransitive, with acc. or prep. åt, āt) To shout loudly, holler; e.g. in the woods to give signs or receive help; to call for a boat or ferry from the other beach etc.

   hyt åt nan

   to holler at someone

   hȫyt āt o, sö n stēn!

   Shout at him, so he stops!

Template:gmq-bot-conj

• roop

11

1. alternative form of he

11 (preterite hä wȧr skuri ȯm fotn)

1. It comes in handy, it’s pretty well fitting, it’s very well, it’s very useful concerning time and circumstances.

11

1. Certain severe diseases, whitlows, pains and swellings in the body, believed to be obtained in the water or anywhere by any witchcraft effect or rather from underground ghosts or beings that there live or pass by, and it is believed that such a disease can not be cured differently than with dense, mixed, scraped metals, some of each or other such spells.

Compare Old Norse hegna and English hedge.

11

1. to hedge, fence in, enclose with a hag

• hag

11 f (definite singular hägna, definite plural hägnen)

1. fenced pasture for cattle

• hag
• haga

From Old Norse herðr.

11 f

1. shoulder

• hēiḷ f or m

11

1. alternative form of hehl

Category:gmq-bot:Anatomy

hääll +‎ søt

11 f (definite singular hällsøta)

1. (botany) Polypodium vulgare.

• søt
• hellsøt
• bergsøt

From the root of hääng.

11 (preterite hänglä)

1. To labouriously move forward.

• hangäl

11

1. dexterous, skilled to do something

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Tawny owl chick.

Compare Old Norse herja.

11

1. (intransitive) To brake; especially by putting the ski stick into the ground when skiing downhill or similar.

• haark

Category:gmq-bot:Skiing

Old Norse harpa (“compress”)

11 (preterite härpä)

1. (intransitive) feel tight, be stiff, rigid

• harp

härsk +‎ -nä

11 m (definite härsknen)

1. rancidness (of butter, cream, etc.)

• kall-härskne

From Old Norse hepta, hefta (“to impede, hinder”), from Proto-Germanic *haftijaną; frequentative of hafwa.

• IPA^(key): /²hɛft/

  Rhymes: -ɛ̀ft

11 (preterite häfftä)

1. (transitive) To impede, hinder.

   Ji vadht häfftä sä ji int kónd fära dill bröllope

   I was prevented from being able to attend the wedding

   jö värt so hefte uti arbeite

   I was so obstructed in my work

   heft bort töyn

   to be hindered in one’s work

From Old Norse hella.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. A flat rock surface (of mountain, baking oven.)

Template:gmq-bot-decl

• hällsøt

• hall

From Old Norse hella.

11 (preterite hääld, supine hälld)

1. To pour.

From Old Norse hengja, from Proto-Germanic *hangijaną.

• IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ɛ̀ɲː

11 (preterite hang or hangd or hängd, supine hångi or hängi or hängt)

1. (ergative) To hang.

• hangäl
• hängäl

From Old Norse hirta (“restrain, keep back”), hirtaz (“abstain”).

11 (preterite härte)

1. to warn

From Old Norse harfr, herfi.

11 (preterite härvä)

1. (transitive) To rake (hay).

11 m

1. mountaintop

• berghåbb

Category:gmq-bot:Landforms

• hagg

From Old Norse hǫgg, from Proto-Germanic *hawwą, from the verb *hawwaną.

• IPA^(key): /hɒɡː/, Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -ɒ́ɡː

11 n (definite håggä or håggjä, dative håggjän)

1. hit, stroke, blow
2. the act of hewing
3. place where timber is chopped

   han jer opi (timmęr)haddjęn

   he is at the timber felling site

• dåvahågg
• kapphågg
• håggiks
• håggkabb
• håggstabb
• håggtulu

11

1. imperative singular of håågg

   hagg uta mȧrka hwa du finn

   hew everything you can find

hågg +‎ iks

11 f

1. cutting axe

11

1. aptly

• IPA^(key): Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -óːk

11 m

1. pillory

11 m

1. (euphemistic) The devil.

håll her

1. (idiomatic) keep in order, keep strict regiment

   hån hul ållti her ivi hustro

   he always kept track of his wife

11

1. nobody likes a truth teller

From Finnish haapio.

• IPA^(key): Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -óːp

11 m

1. A rowing boat; boat, suitable for use on rivers, where rapids are.

Category:gmq-bot:Nautical Category:gmq-bot:Watercraft

• IPA^(key): /ˈhcːrɐ/, /ˈhɒːrɐ/, /ˈhɑːrɐ/

11 n

1. definite nominative & accusative plural of hår

• IPA^(key): /²ho(ː)ra/

11 m

1. alternative form of hera (“hare”)

hår (“hair”) +‎ gäl (“custom”)

11 f

1. The hair's appearance, color, nature; is said about both humans and animals.
2. Way of trimming the hair.

hår +‎ gål

11 m

1. hairline, hair root, the circumferential line of the headhair's border to the face

From Old Norse háss, from Proto-Germanic *haisaz. Doublet of heis.

• IPA^(key): Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -óːs

11

1. hoarse, husky

• råm

11

1. sagging, formless

From Old Norse háttr, from Proto-Germanic *hahtuz.

11 m

1. way, manner

   han jer å den håttn

   he is that way

11

1. alternative spelling of haagg

From Old Norse hvárt.

• IPA^(key): , ,

11

1. whether

   Ji vait int hódt’n jär heim.

   I don't know if he's at home.

   Ji vait int hódt hä jär sannt.

   I know not if it is true.

   hódt hä jär sä hell sä

   whether it is like that or otherwise

2. I wonder

• annähódht (“either”)

11

1. (with accusative) To like.

2. (with infinitive) To have the will to; to feel like.

   Hógas du gå dill stadom?

   Do you want to go to the city?

• oliik
• misshögas

• hóglig
• hógsen
• hög
• höga
• högfäll

From Old Norse hvílíkr, from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz (“what kind of, what sort of”).

• IPA^(key): , , ,

  Rhymes: -ʊ̀kːen, -ʊ́kːen, -ʊ̀kːɛn, -ʊ́kːɛn

11 m (feminine hókkar, neuter hókkä, genitive hókkens, feminine hókkars, neuter hókkäs)

1. (interrogative) what, which, who

   Hóken ba däg skimmp ópp lärtä säddana?

   Who asked you to cut up the plain weave like that?

2. (relative) who, whom, which, whatever, whichever

• hókkendera (“whichever”)
• hókkävorä (“whichever of us; each of us”)
• likhókken, likthókken (“either just as much”)

• Rietz, Johan Ernst, “Hókken”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 260

11 f

1. headboard

11

1. alternative spelling of hógas.

From haug (“tall”). Cognate with Old Norse hæð or derived from it; ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hauhiþō. Compare Swedish höjd, Dutch hoogte, Old High German hohida, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌸𐌰 (hauhiþa), English height.

• IPA^(key): Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -ɞ́ɡd, -ǿɡd

11 f (definite singular högda)

1. Height.

• haug

• IPA^(key): /²hɞːɡfɛlː/, /²hɞɡːfɛlː/ Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

11

1. (transitive) To value and attach to, find comfortable.

11

1. alternative form of högfäll

From Old Norse heyra, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti.

• IPA^(key): , , , Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -ø̀ʏ̯ːr

11 (preterite hȯhl or hårt, supine hårt)

1. To hear.

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. alternative spelling of höy.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhøkːəɽ/

11 f (definite hökkla)

1. (anatomy) soft part of horse hoof
2. (anatomy) dewclaw

11 (preterite hökklä)

1. (intransitive) To be awkward, clumsy.

• halj
• håli

• (Bygdeå) IPA^(key): /hɑɽj/
• (Lövånger) IPA^(key): /hɒːɽɪ/, /hœɽj/, /hɑɽj/
• (Burträsk) IPA^(key): /hɑːɽɪ/
• (Luleå) IPA^(key): /hɔɽɪ/

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. Poorly dressed, flabbily dressed, absent-minded, empty-headed person; good-for-nothing.

• haljut

• hølis

From Old Norse hœla, from Proto-Germanic *hōlijaną.

11 (present höläs or hølis)

1. (middle voice, transitive, intransitive) Brag over; praise.

   Höläs a ’óm ― to praise him, boast of him

   Han höläs int å martnän ― He does not praise the market.

   hølis ɑ einåm ― to praise someone

   han hæ voʈi se ɑhöʂʂ ― He has become so famous.

When the verb is used transitively, the preposition å/ɑ/a is added.

11 n

1. wretch, scamp

11

1. brave, bold

• frauk
• fœr

• hark
• harkøt

11

1. preterite of höös

11

1. nominative/accusative definite singular of hövvu

• hai
• hæij
• hoi

From Old Norse hey, from Proto-Germanic *hawją.

• IPA^(key): , , , Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

  Rhymes: -ǿʏ̯ː

11 n (definite singular höy´je, dative höy`jen, uncountable)

1. hay

• Larsson, Evert, Söderström, Sven, "höy", in Hössjömålet : ordbok över en sydvästerbottnisk dialekt (in Swedish) →ISBN, page 95

höy +‎ set

11 n

1. haycock

From Old Norse hœnsn.

• IPA^(key): ,

11 f (definite hönsa, plural hööns, definite hönsen)

1. hen

• åkershöns
• hönsong
• hönsber
• hönshöuk
• hönsspänning

Category:gmq-bot:Chickens Category:gmq-bot:Female animals

• öis

Compare Sudermannian hosa, Dutch hozen.

11 (preterite höst)

1. (transitive) scoop, empty

From earlier höta (“to threaten”) from Old Norse hǿta, hœta, from Proto-Germanic *hwōtijaną. Related to håot. Compare Norwegian hytte, hutte, Swedish hytta, hötta, Danish høde, Icelandic hæta, Gothic 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan).

11 (preterite höte or höött, supine höte or hött)

1. To shake one's fist at someone.

   Han hö:te vä ne̯vánn ― He shook his fist.

• IPA^(key): /²høːɽis/, /²høːɽes/

11 (preterite høʈes, supine høʈes, perfect participle ɑhöʂʂ)

1. alternative form of höläs

11

1. singular present mediopassive indicative of höläs

From Old Norse hœkja (“crutch”).

• IPA^(key): ,

  Rhymes: -ø̀ːt͡ɕ

11 f (definite singular høtja, definite plural høtjen)

1. a crooked, retracted piece of wood, sitting on the coulter and the plow, like a turned back Podophyllum, which allows these horse-drawn vehicles to not go deeper into the ground than you want, since it is loose and with small wedges can be set higher and lower at will

From Old Norse holr, from Proto-Germanic *hulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-, *kewH- (“hollow”). The noun from Old Norse hol, from Proto-Germanic *hulą, derived from the adjective.

• (Umeå) IPA^(key):
• (Skellefteå) IPA^(key):
• (Luleå) IPA^(key):

  Rhymes: -ʊ́ːɽ

hȯ´hl

1. hollow

hȯ´hl n (definite singular hȯ´hlä, definite plural hȯ´hla)

1. hole

From Old Norse heyrða, heyrðir, heryði.

hȱhl

1. preterite active indicative of höir

   han hȯhl int

   he didn't hear

• höku
• höko
• hâcku
• hakkø

From Old Norse haka.

• IPA^(key): , Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note
• Rhymes: -ɞ̀ːkʉ, -ɞ̀ːkʊ

hȱkŭ f (definite singular hȱkŭn, definite plural hȱkŭnă)

1. (anatomy) chin

• (Umeå) IPA^(key):
• (Norsjö) IPA^(key):
• (Nysätra) IPA^(key):

11 n

1. place with solid ground; the unconfined plane, which surrounds the farms in villages, which is open to all livestock and serves as a street for storage of timber and wood as well as rooms for timbering sites etc.
2. (figuratively) something hard to accomplish

• hal-lät

From Old Norse hann, from Proto-Norse *hānaʀ, of uncertain origin.

• (stressed) IPA^(key): , ,

  Rhymes: -ɒ́nː

• (unstressed) IPA^(key): ,

11 m sg

1. (personal pronoun): he
2. (personal pronoun): accusative singular form of the word hɑnn (meaning "he") meaning "him".
3. (indefinite personal pronoun) one
4. (formal, unfamiliar) you

Template:gmq-bot-decl-ppron

• (one): du c sg
• (you): hu f sg
• (you): je c pl

From unstressed forms of Old Norse ein(a) f and eitt n.

11

1. feminine/neuter singular of n

From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in.

11

1. In.

   i väntöm dagöm

   in days of waiting; waiting for something

   Han tönnrera uti’n

   He expressed his dissatisfaction over him (“in him”.)

   N O’ḷ-Pärsa däri Bränntjännlin

   Olof Persson (who lives) in Bränntjärnliden

   Da drivi däm i lann däri Burvikslanneṇ.

   Then they ran ashore in the Burvik tract.

   Däri n ânnar histori (...)

   In another story (...)

2. With, of.

   full i vatn

   full of water

   fullpâkke i fåḷk

   fully packed with people

In the first sense often combined with ut, öut, eot (“out”) to form uti, öte, eotöy, yssi, isi (*e(o)ð i.) This combination is commonly used for things concrete and close, while i by itself commonly is used for larger or more abstract concepts. To refer to a familiar geographical place, such as an estate, a town, or village in the region, the word der (“there”) is commonly place in front.

From Old Norse yr, úr, ór, or, from Proto-Germanic *uz.

11

1. Out of, from.

   ä drösst bodt i nä nea markä

   it fell out to the ground

Often combined with båhtt, bódht, bodt, both.

• äi (Kalix, stressed)
• öy (Luleå, stressed)
• ö (Luleå, stressed)
• öv (Luleå, stressed)

From i (“in”) +‎ föösjt (“first”) +‎ kast (“throw”).

11

1. In the beginning.

• byggjen

11

1. In the twelfth year.

11 n

1. (hunting, fishing) Gear to catch bird or fish.

• ido, jido

• IPA^(key): , , , Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note
  • Rhymes: -ɪ̀ðɵ

From Old Norse iða.

11 f (definite singular idun)

1. greater or lesser restrictions in the landscape, caused by rivers and streams that resemble open bays, whereat is a whirlpool or little to no current
2. the places nether of stones or small rocks in the rapids, whereat is a whirlpool or low current

From Old Norse iðugr, íðugr.

11

1. hardworking, industrious

Category:Westrobothnian terms suffixed with -u

11

1. (middle voice, intransitive) To vaunt.

11 (middle isskes)

1. (impersonal) Frost occurs.

• issk

11

1. Again.
2. (with object) Of finding, getting, taking something (again.)

   han skull int ta ijänn e förn öm må̂ran

   he wasn’t to go find it til morning

• ijäänn
• jänn

11

1. Closed, shut.

• ijänn

From Old Norse øxi, accusative of øx (“axe,”) from Proto-Germanic *akwisī, from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷs-ih₂- (“axe,”) from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed.”).

• IPA^(key): /²øks/, /²yks/, /²iks/

Template:gmq-bot-noun

1. An axe (tool, ancient weapon.)

   tåo sö ixa opa heilo

   (he) then put his axe on his shoulder

Template:gmq-bot-decl

• håggiks
• ikshöko
• ikskar
• ikssmed
• iks-stein

11

1. To carpenter, construct.

   hadd däm no allti öksä ehop na ṣårts lödu

   they had always built some sort of haybarn

2. To carve.

Template:gmq-bot-conj

• il

From Old Norse illr, from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elk-.

11 (neuter illt)

1. evil, bad

   Han iles onga

   The evil one's kids

   Ja har illt i fotom

   I have pain in my feet.

   illt om styvra

   lack of money

   Han har illt uti säg

   He is concerned.

   Han har illt ini säg

   He has stomach pains.

   Ji hav illt hóvudä

   I have a headache.

11

1. Vile.

From Old Norse illgørðasamr; cognate with Helsingian illgjorsam, Gestrician illgärdig.

11

1. vicious, mischievous; who hurts or damages

• illgärsam
• illgörsam

Category:Westrobothnian terms suffixed with -sam

11

1. Infamous.

ill +‎ ver

11 n

1. unweather

11

1. Worried, apprehensive.

   jö tjäänn me so illöktes

   I feel so anxious.

ilsk +‎ -es

11

1. (intransitive) inflame, fester

il +‎ -u

11 (neuter ilut)

1. changeful

il +‎ -ut

11

1. fickle, of uneven temper

   Ongen grinnt å jettren rämjä å allehop tycktäs va ilut.

   The kid cried and the goats bleated and they all seemed unsteady.

11 n

1. neuter singular of ilu

11

1. Nowhere.