Appendix:Taghbach word list

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The Taghbach (Tabghach) word list below contains reconstructed Taghbach words by Shimunek (2017).[1]

Notation

Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as ✩ by Shimunek 2017).

Abbreviations include:

  • CSM (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
  • NEMC (northern Early Middle Chinese)
  • and others

Classification

Shimunek (2017) classifies Taghbach as part of a Serbi-Mongolic language family that he has proposed. Serbi-Mongolic has two primary branches, Mongolic and Serbi-Awar (or "para-Mongolic" in other classifications).

  • Serbi-Mongolic (Common Serbi-Mongolic)
    • Mongolic
    • Serbi-Awar
      • Awar (Avar) (Wu-huan 烏桓 or Wu-wan 烏丸)
      • Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
        • Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
        • Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
        • Taghbach
        • T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
        • Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
          • Old Kitan
          • Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
          • Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

Morphology

Taghbach (reconstructed form) Taghbach (original transcription) English gloss Original Chinese gloss notes
*-A(y) ~ *ʁa(y) verbal noun suffix < CSM
*-Al ~ *-l deverbal noun suffix < CSM
**čɪ ~ **či suffix denoting occupations < CSM
**-mɔr/-mʊr 萬 deverbal noun suffix < CSM
**-n plural suffix < CSM

Note that Taghbach, like Mongolian and Manchu, has suffixing morphology.

Lexicon

Taghbach (reconstructed form) Taghbach (original transcription) English gloss Original Chinese gloss notes
*agyɪl ~ *agɪl 屋引 house 房 < CSM
**âɦaɨyʁčɪn 烏矮真 External Attendants 外左右
*/bʊrčɪn/ (phonemic), * (phonetic) 附真 nobles who prepare food 貴人作食人 < CSM
*čarʁʊyčɪn 折潰真 people who send out and receive accusations on behalf of the ruler 為主出受 < CSM
*čʰɪrqañ 叱干 a kind of artemisia 薛 < CSM
*čʰɪrnɔ 叱奴 wolf 狼 < CSM
**čʰɪrʊ 叱盧 invoke, praying 祝
*čʰur ~ *čʰʊr 出連 hand net 畢 < CSM
**darbǝl/**dalbǝl/**dǝrbǝl/**dǝlbǝl (?) 達勃 robe 褒 cf. WMgl debel ~ degel ‘robe’
**dɪʁa 地何 writing, book, document 書 < **dɪ- (地) ‘to write’ (< Common Serbi *dɪ- ~ *tɪ- ‘write’ ← 書 LOC dial. *tɨ- ‘to write’)
**digčin 直真 Internal Attendants 内左右
*dʊqʊ 獨孤 battle-axe 劉
**dźuwʁbiarkɔr̃ 受別官 feudal lords 諸侯
*gir 其連 sandal cord 綦 < CSM
**ɣʊr/ldʊli ~ **ɣʊr/ldʊlig 紇豆陵 hole, drain 竇 cf. Middle Mongol quduq ‘well’
**ɣyam 鹹 relay route 驛 < CSM
**ɣyamčɪn 鹹真 people who ride along the relay route through all provinces 諸州乘驛人 < CSM
**ɦatśir̃ 阿真 food 飲食
**ɦirlǝgbɔr 俟力伐 abalone 鮑
*ɦorbǝl 嗢盆 warmth 溫 < *ɦorb-ǝl/*ɦorbǝ-l < *ɦorb-/*ɦorbǝ- ‘be warm’ < CSM
*ɦɔray 寃賴 going 就 i.e. *ɦɔr-ay < *ɦɔr- ‘go’ < CSM
**ɦʊgñag 郁若 Two Thousand Bushel Official 二千石
*ɦʊrʁay 紇奚 cultivation 􂳯 for 稽 i.e. *ɦʊrg-ay < *ɦʊrg- ‘cultivate’ < CSM
*ɪrgɪn 俟懃 above, superior 尚 ← Central Eurasian Kulturwort
*ɪrgɪn **diʁa/**dɪʁa 俟懃地何 imperial secretary 尚書
**kʰɪl- (?) speak as in **kʰɪlmɔrčɪn ‘interpreters’
**kʰɪlmɔrčɪn/**kʰɪlmʊrčɪn 乞萬真 interpreters 通事人 < CSM
**kʰɪr- 契 to kill someone 殺人 < CSM
**kʰɪʁkɪr̃ 去斤 mugwort 艾
**kʰɪrʁayčɪn 契害真 assassins 殺人者 < CSM
*mʊdɪ 莫堤 prefect 刺史 < CSM
*ñaqañ 若干 dog 苟 for 狗 < CSM
**ñakkʰʊʁyɪr̃ 若口引 bandit 寇
*pary-al 拔列 bridge 梁 < CSM
**pitəgčin/**bitəgčin 比德真 bureaucratic clerks 曹局文書史 cf. Old Turkic
**pʰatala 破多羅 rice water 潘 cf. LMK path L ~ pat L ‘rice field’
**pʰɔgdayčɪn 模大真 people responsible for clothing 檐衣人
*pʰɔr- 普 surround 周 < CSM
*pʰurtugčin 拂竹真 people who ride along the relay route cf. WMgl örtegečin
*qaydʊlʊ 奚斗盧 Saka, Scythian 索盧
**qɔkʰɛyʁ ~ **qɔkɛy 和稽 sluggish 緩
*qɔw/*qəw 侯 pig, boar 亥 < CSM
**qʊrag 胡洛 weapons of war 仗 < CSM
**qʊragčɪn 胡洛真 people who carry weapons 帶仗人
**qʰaʁan 可寒 the imperial ancestors 皇祖先
**qʰaʁbagčɪn 可薄真 door guards 守門人 cf. Old Turkic
*qʰaʁsʊn 可孫 imperial consort 皇后
*qʰaʁtʊn 可敦 the imperial ancestral mothers 皇妣先
**tʰaʁ 托 dirt, soil, earth 土
*tʰʊʁnar 土難 mountain 山
**tʰʊʁay 吐奚 ancient 古
*uwl/*ʊwl 宥連 cloud 雲 < CSM
**yɨačin 羊真 The Three Dukes 三公貴人
*yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan 壹斗眷 bright 明
*žirpəŋ 是賁 raised earth, embankment 封 < CSM
**žiʁlʊ 是樓 high, tall 高

References

  1. ^ Shimunek, Andrew (2017) Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, →OCLC
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