User:LokiClock/Basic Japanese checklist

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This is a personal copy of Appendix:1000 Japanese basic words made to help keep track of my vocabulary progress.

Legend:

  • M - Memorized
  • R - Review
  • W - Word (alone - memorized)
  • K - Kanji (alone - memorized)
  • 1 - Heard a few times
  • 2 - Distinctly familiar

Nouns

People

Body

Family

Life

Animals

Crops

Time & Space

Directions & Positions

Materials

Weights and Measures

Society

Man made objects

Home

Tools

Stationery

Clothes

Transport

Language

Colors

Others

Numbers

Abstract Nouns

Adjectives

Forms

Feelings

Verbs

Existence

Movement

Actions

Sensations

Speech

Work

Emotions

Activities

Adverbs

Pre-noun adjectival

Interjections

Conjunctions

Terminations of verbs

  • う よう - Volitional ending (う for u-verbs, よう for ru-verbs): "Let's..." or "I will"
  • せる させる- Causative ending (せる for u-verbs, させる for ru-verbs): to make (someone do something) or to allow.
  • れる られる Passive verb ending (れる for u-verbs, られる for ru-verbs): To be verbed (eg. 食べられる, "to be eaten")
  • そうだ Indicates that it *seems* the verb occurs (It seems he ate, etc.)
  • た - informal past-tense
  • たい - Indicates desire to perform verb
  • だろう - Indicates that it *seems* the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs
  • ない, ん - Informal negative (ん is a slurred version and sounds a little masculine)
  • ぬ - Archaic informal negative
  • ます - Formal non-past ending

Particles

Case

  • M - が - subject marker, but
  • から - from
  • で - at, by
  • 1 - と - and, with
  • に - indirect object marker
  • M - の - possession marker, of
  • 1 - へ - to (e)
  • まで - to
  • より - than
  • を - direct object marker (o)

Binding

  • M - は - topic marker (wa)
  • 2 - も - as well
  • 1 - や - and

Conjunctive

Final

  • 1 - ね emphasis and question marker. equivalent to "right?"
  • 2 - か question marker
  • 2 - な the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives
  • かしら I wonder
  • さ -ness
  • っけ particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information (what class is next -kke?)

Adverbial

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