Proto-Yukian reconstructions:[1]
| Gloss | Proto-Yukian |
|---|---|
| specific; nominal suffix | *-a |
| locative | *-ap |
| animate suffix on substantives | *-aʔ |
| imperative mode | *-aʔ |
| comitative-instrumental ("with, by") | *-aʔ |
| redbud | *čahay |
| give | *čan |
| fern, brake | *čaples |
| thrasher | *činčol’ |
| squeeze | *čip |
| cocoon rattle | *čippot |
| lizard, scaly | *čisam |
| robin | *čitit |
| iris | *čiwiš, *čiwaš |
| hummingbird; butterfly | *čiyi |
| kingfisher | *čučuk(a) |
| whip | *č’ak |
| wash things | *č’ak’ |
| eel; sinew | *č’ak’am |
| white | *č’al |
| guts | *č’aw |
| jay | *č’əʔəy |
| whirl | *č’il |
| bird | *č’imit’ |
| star | *(mam)č’ipas |
| warm | *č’ok’il’ |
| fly (N) | *č’op(a/i) |
| mosquito | *č’op č’ala |
| narrow | *č’oy |
| clean | *č’uč |
| pine needles | *č’uh |
| snail | *č’uhtalam |
| fall | *č’uk’ |
| mush basket | *č’ulil’ |
| baby (toddler) | *č’unč’ič’ |
| leak | *č’uy |
| locative | *-əp |
| durative aspect | *-h |
| little ones; children | *halč’(aʔ) |
| top; end | *hal’ |
| want | *ham |
| hungry, be | *hamlot’ |
| morning star | *hamol’ |
| behind; back | *hamp |
| rain (N) | *hamuč’im |
| house | *han |
| but | *han |
| tomorrow; morning | *haw |
| net bag | *hay |
| carry in arms or hands | *haʔ |
| forget; lose | *haʔam |
| bring | *haʔm |
| egg | *hə |
| perception? | *hə- |
| camp | *həč |
| strong | *həč’am |
| under | *həhin |
| arm | *həhs |
| split | *hək |
| step over | *hək’ |
| hear | *həl |
| puberty ceremony for girls | *həmnəmwok |
| sing; song | *həmp |
| house | *hən |
| crow (N) | *hənčam |
| heavy | *hənət’ |
| sweathouse | *hənpin |
| nose | *həntil |
| snot | *hənt’ut’ |
| rib(s) | *həpot’ |
| clam shell beads | *həs |
| doctor, to | *həʈam, *həʈmV |
| hear, not to | *hətəw(i)l |
| potato sp. | *həʈ’ |
| fish; salmon | *həw |
| like | *həw |
| eat; food | *həway |
| cook | *həway yuʔ |
| yes | *həw’ |
| look for; hunt (for) | *həy |
| think | *həy- |
| how | *həyma |
| rub | *həʔ |
| dog | *həʔwəšit’ |
| now | *həʔyi |
| wear | *hih(l) |
| seed | *hil |
| all | *hil(i) |
| animals | *hiliki, *lilik |
| move | *him |
| antler(s); horn(s) | *hin(i) |
| thimbleberry | *hipila |
| slip | *hiš |
| race | *hiwil |
| liver | *ho |
| big | *hohʈ(am) |
| little; bad | *hokoč |
| burden net | *hom |
| thin; light | *hop’ |
| paddle for mush | *hotp’uč’ |
| acorn mush or soup | *hot’ |
| many; lots | *hoʈ |
| face, of the (prefix) | *hu- |
| cheek | *hu- |
| perception? | *hu- |
| outside | *huč |
| Huchnom | *hučnom’ |
| sharp-pointed | *huč’ohs |
| bread | *huhtil’ |
| eye | *hul |
| ghost | *hulk’ilal |
| coyote | *hulk’oy’ |
| bead-drill | *hulmol’ |
| face | *hulyoʔ |
| spider | *hulmuni- |
| sling | *hum- |
| straight | *humas |
| forehead | *hunč |
| bullsnake | *hunk’an’ |
| love | *huš |
| sweet | *huši |
| together | *huʈ’ot |
| middle | *huy |
| breast, female; milk | *huy |
| cook | *huy- |
| possessive suffix (alienable) | *-iht |
| declarative mode | *-ik |
| declarative mode | *-iki |
| reflexive-mediopassive-reciprocal | *-il |
| move in order to | *-in |
| continuative-iterative | *-is |
| continuative-iterative | *-iš |
| effective | *-it |
| momentaneous aspect | *-k |
| declarative mode | *-k |
| bad | *kač’am |
| come in | *kahp |
| this (locative): here | *kak’i |
| rose, wild | *kala/i |
| this (locative): right over here | *kam’ |
| swell | *kan |
| flat | *kat |
| this (locative): here | *kaʈaʔ |
| this (locative): up here | *kay’ |
| this (locative): here | *kaw |
| this (agent) | *kaʔ |
| this (patient) | *kaʔəh |
| this (possessive) | *kaʔəht |
| today | *kaʔinay’ |
| rise | *kək |
| soaproot | *kəlam |
| flower | *kəwam |
| long | *kəy, *kəyih |
| acorn of valley oak | *kəyam |
| leave | *ki |
| declarative mode | *-ki |
| flint | *kičalil |
| feathers | *kihs |
| fly (V) | *kik |
| momentaneous aspect + mediopassive | *-kil |
| placename | *kilikot/l |
| enough | *kimas |
| that (locative): over there | *kim’ |
| stink; smell | *kin |
| back (returning) | *kipəw |
| that (locative): there; on that | *kiʈa |
| that (locative?) | *kiw |
| arrow | *kiw |
| ask | *kiw(is)- |
| elder | *kiwi |
| that (agent) | *kiʔ |
| follow | *kiʔ(-t) |
| that (patient) | *kiʔəh |
| that (possessive) | *kiʔəht |
| lungs | *koč’ |
| animal name ending | *kol’ |
| dry | *kon |
| feather | *kop |
| point | *koy |
| gopher | *koyaʔ |
| go | *koʔ |
| come (under GO) | *koʔm |
| manzanita | *kuč’ |
| meadowlark | *kuč’mol’ |
| start | *kuht |
| heel | *(mi)kuht |
| mortar | *kuhtam, *kuhtim |
| root | *kuhtkin |
| north | *kuhtk’i |
| twig | *kukis |
| down | *kuk’i |
| salt | *kum |
| kelp | *kummol’ |
| Salt People | *kumnom’(i) |
| point (V) | *kup |
| body hair | *kuš |
| few | *kušw- |
| up | *kuy |
| whirl | *k’al |
| blackberries | *k’alimam |
| panther | *k’amol’ |
| wet | *k’at’ |
| light | *k’aw |
| mushroom | *k’ay’ |
| lean | *k’əh |
| talk | *k’əhin |
| tail | *k’əhs(il) |
| knee | *k’ənk’ |
| talk | *k’əy(mil) |
| locative | *-k’i |
| still (calm; quiet) | *k’ih |
| marrow | *k’ihlul |
| belly | *k’ihp |
| pregnant | *k’ihp hohʈ |
| bone | *k’iht |
| bone whistle (under WHISTLE) | *k’iht pimol’ |
| itch | *k’ik’ |
| coals | *k’il |
| daughter or son | *k’il |
| toward; against | *-k’il |
| dry up | *k’im |
| cry | *k’in |
| swim | *k’iskil |
| crooked | *k’iy |
| die | *k’ol |
| pounding basket; mortar | *k’ol |
| wash the body | *-k’ol |
| pestle | *k’olam |
| backbone | *k’olki |
| apron; dress | *k’olkuht |
| different; other | *k’ol’ |
| noise | *k’om |
| put in pliable things | *k’oʔ |
| Athapaskan | *k’oʔol |
| stretch | *k’uč |
| navel | *k’uč’ |
| claws; nails | *k’uhs |
| rest | *k’us’noh |
| stretch | *k’uʔ |
| perfective aspect | *-l |
| grasshopper | *lač’am |
| break | *lahʈ |
| goose | *lak |
| leave | *lak’ |
| lake | *lal |
| doctor; shaman | *lamšim |
| brother, younger | *lan’ |
| moon | *lašk’awol’ |
| potato sp. | *lat |
| lawi, cooking basket | *lawa |
| crack | *ləč |
| acorn | *ləl |
| step; animal to move | *ləl |
| tarweed (seed) | *lihp |
| throat | *lik’am |
| rock | *lil |
| rock carrier | *lil haʔ- |
| animals | *lilik, *hiliki |
| knife | *lilkus |
| seaweed | *lil pal |
| knife | *lilpan |
| resultative/patient progressive ("getting") | *lim |
| hurry | *lis |
| do | *lit |
| kill | *liʔ, *liʔik |
| bow | *liʔwəht |
| cough | *loh |
| slow | *loʈ |
| chop; chip | *luh |
| punch down | *luk |
| fat; grease | *lul |
| smooth | *lulam |
| imperfective aspect | *-m |
| motion toward the speaker | *-m |
| hemp, Indian | *mah |
| elbow | *mahalam |
| Round Valley | *mahʔuk’am |
| wake up | *mak’- |
| penis | *mal |
| acorn or black oak; berry; nut; seed | *mam |
| star | *(mam)č’ipas |
| they | *mas(i) |
| distributive suffix | *-mas |
| dove | *mayu (?) |
| new | *məh(il’) |
| owl, great horned | *məhk’uʈ(aʔ) |
| creek | *məl |
| trout sps. | *məlhəm’, *məlwis |
| fight | *məm |
| shoot | *mət |
| creek | *mət’ |
| forked | *məʈ |
| who; someone | *məy’ |
| toe | *mi |
| we (inclusive agent) | *mi |
| thumb | *mi(pat’) hohʈ |
| be | *mih |
| road | *mihš |
| your (singular alienable) | *miht(aʔ) |
| sky; up | *mihʈ |
| heel | *(mi)kuht |
| around | *mik’al’ |
| deer | *mil |
| meat | *mil |
| woodpecker, hairy | *mil- |
| imperfective aspect + mediopassive | *-mil |
| ambulative aspect ("be on the way to ..., be going to ...") | *-mil |
| elk | *milatihtam |
| oak, white | *mili |
| used to (aspect) | *-mil’ |
| lie (falsehood) | *minsil’ |
| foot | *mipan |
| hand | *mipat’ |
| palm of hand | *mipat’-hət’ |
| thumb | *mi(pat’) hohʈ |
| you (patient); your (inalienable) | *mis |
| fingers | *misəw |
| mother, your (singular) | *misk’an’ |
| drink | *miʔ |
| you (singular agent) | *miʔ |
| leg | *miʔil’ |
| acorn of white oak | *mohšam |
| grassgame | *mol |
| three | *molmaʔ, *molmi |
| twins? | *molsam |
| agentive-instrumental | *-mol’ |
| hide | *mon |
| gather | *mop |
| you (plural agent) | *mos’ |
| your (plural) | *mos’iyaht |
| press together | *mot- |
| flicker (yellowhammer) | *moymol’ |
| mountain | *muhmol’ |
| laugh | *muhš |
| many; lots of | *mun |
| sister? | *mun’ |
| woman | *mus(p) |
| anise, sweet | *musin |
| chief, female | *musp ʈiʔol’ |
| worm; maggot | *muy’ |
| demonstrative locative suffix | *-m’ |
| move in order to | *-n |
| head | *nan |
| dam | *nan |
| saliva | *nanuk’ |
| woodrat | *nawč- |
| sucker | *nawt’uk’ |
| yellowjacket | *naw’ |
| pull | *nay |
| girl | *nayp |
| mountain filaree | *nay’ |
| forget; lose | *naʔam |
| mouth, of the | *nə- |
| fir | *nəh |
| jaw | *nəhək |
| forget; not to know | *nəhəm |
| know | *nəhənak |
| mouth | *nəhin |
| dark; night | *nəhk |
| freeze; ice | *nəhʈ |
| tree sp. | *nəhʈ |
| gray squirrel | *nəhʈam |
| beard | *nəhukuš |
| teach | *hək’oh |
| lie; lay (singular) | *nəm |
| tongue | *nəmlat |
| bed | *nəmmol’ |
| head | *nən |
| taste | *nətam |
| peppery | *nət’əwiš |
| chin | *nəʈ’am’ |
| see | *nəw |
| poke | *nəʔ |
| breech cloth | *nəʔa |
| hole | *nih |
| door | *nihin |
| marry | *nok (?) |
| Pomo | *nokonmi |
| mussel | *nok’ |
| fight | *noloh |
| people of | *-nom’(aʔ) |
| mark | *noy |
| live | *noʔ |
| sand | *nuč’ |
| sand | *nuʔ |
| singular suffix | *-p |
| leaf; wing | *pal |
| condor, California | *pal |
| butterfly | *pal-, *palpol (?) |
| maple | *palkənši |
| hang | *pan |
| flat | *pat’ |
| hips (?) | *paʈ’- |
| get up | *paʔ |
| volitional mode | *-paʔ |
| tattoo | *pəčas |
| cover (N) | *pəhk |
| shout | *pək’ |
| one | *pək’ |
| dig | *pəl |
| wedge | *pəmol’ |
| tarweed | *pəšil’ |
| abalone | *pət’am |
| madrone | *pəyk’i |
| rattlesnake | *pəy’ |
| whistle | *pi |
| whistle | *pihil’ |
| snow; hail | *pil |
| sun | *pilaht(i) |
| sunrise | *pilaht puh- |
| sunset | *pilaht ʔili- |
| woodpecker, pileated | *piltəsi- |
| summer | *piltwan |
| lie; lay (plural) | *pin’ |
| mouse, meadow or water | *pip |
| from; away from | *-pis |
| tracks | *piʔ |
| kidney | *pohoʈ’ |
| digger pine | *pokam |
| pepperwood; California laurel | *pok’am (*ʔol) |
| poke; hammer; crack by hitting | *pop |
| gray; brown | *pot’ |
| barn swallow | *pot’a, *pot’aʔ (?) |
| ashes; dust | *pot’il |
| one | *powi(k) |
| eight | *powi mipat’ |
| one year | *powi/a ʔonaʔ |
| blow with the mouth | *puč’ |
| short (not long) | *puh |
| short (not tall) | *puhič’ |
| miss (a shot) | *pul |
| sage; wormwood | *pun- |
| boil | *put’ |
| lightning | *p’ah |
| roll | *p’al |
| fall | *p’an |
| wind (N) | *p’ans |
| door; shut; hole | *p’ihʈ |
| poker | *p’iš |
| clover sp. | *p’oht |
| put in solids | *p’oy |
| continuative-iterative | *-s |
| plural suffix | *-s |
| eagle | *sah, *sahol’ |
| baby (infant) | *sak’ |
| tooth | *səhk |
| lizard | *sət’i(ya)m |
| defecate | *səy |
| buttocks | *sihs |
| skunk, big | *sihskin(a) |
| green; blue | *sik’ |
| lilac | *sik’a |
| wind to blow | *simi |
| buckeye | *sim’t |
| rabbitskin | *sipak |
| gig | *sis- |
| clover | *siʔ |
| tule | *son |
| shoulder | *sop’ |
| turtle | *sop’(aʔ) |
| acorn meal | *soy |
| gray | *suk |
| Ponderosa pine | *suk’ |
| hang | *sul |
| yesterday; night | *sum |
| throw | *sup |
| duck; mallard | *sus(a) |
| friend | *susal’ (*susil’ ?) |
| hole | *sut’ |
| shade; shadow | *sut’ |
| foam | *suy’ |
| trout; fish | *suʔič’ |
| brains | *suʔmam, *sum’am |
| bag | *ša |
| sugar pine | *šač |
| raccoon | *šamam |
| cold weather | *šat’ |
| raw | *šay |
| ear | *šəm |
| bite | *šəš |
| winter | *šəwan |
| magnesite | *šihp |
| black | *šik’ |
| shell; bark | *šil |
| huckleberries | *šiman |
| dirty | *šimit’ |
| onion, wild | *šip |
| willow | *šip(a/i) |
| blackbird | *šipa |
| leach | *šiš |
| ground squirrel | *šiš, *šiša |
| ripples | *šiw |
| acorn of tan oak | *šok, *šok’iš(i) |
| shell; skin | *šoʔ |
| body | *šul |
| sit; stay | *šuʔ |
| effective | *-t |
| find | *tahk |
| pile; nest | *tal |
| negative | *tal (?) |
| snare | *tas |
| good | *tat |
| menstruation | *təl |
| negative | *təl |
| sick; ache; hurt | *tih, *tih(i)l(-) |
| smooth | *tihk |
| mountain; hill | *tihtam |
| effective + mediopassive | *-til |
| rope | *tit |
| mountain; hill | *tit |
| comb | *titamol’ |
| chase | *tiw-, *tiwiyim (ʈiw-?) |
| hard | *tiwhoʔ (*ʈiwhoʔ ?) |
| neck, back of | *tiyam |
| killdeer | *tiyat |
| fawn | *tom |
| lupine | *toti |
| dance type | *totowok’ |
| move | *tuk |
| quail | *tulihš |
| push | *t(’)uʔ |
| tie | *t’əy |
| parent? | *t’ih |
| head hair | *t’ol |
| tie a knot | *t’op |
| heart | *t’uh |
| chest | *t’uhna- |
| gig | *t’uk’ |
| pitch; resin; red | *t’uy’, *t’uy’il |
| spear | *t’uʔmol’ |
| demonstrative locative suffix | *-ʈa |
| shake (a body part) | *ʈak’ |
| eat | *ʈal (?) |
| cut | *ʈay |
| leg | *ʈət’ |
| chase | *ʈiw- (?) |
| hard | *ʈiwhoʔ (?) |
| jump | *ʈiʔ |
| chief | *ʈiʔol’ |
| log | *ʈoʈ’ |
| strike | *ʈuk |
| move | *ʈuk (?) |
| basket | *ʈuk’ |
| play ball | *ʈ’ak’ |
| anger; bad weather | *ʈ’aw |
| war | *ʈ’əw |
| add; count | *ʈ’il |
| flea | *ʈ’ohk(a/i) |
| bald | *ʈ’ok |
| ankle | *ʈ’ok’am |
| burden basket, (woman's?) | *ʈ’ot’ |
| fall | *ʈ’oʈ |
| demonstrative locative suffix | *-w |
| wide | *wah |
| time (nominal suffix) | *-wan |
| sifting basket | *wanmol’ |
| cover | *waw |
| wolf | *wayis(m)ol’ |
| obsidian | *way’ |
| pay | *wək |
| after; behind | *wək |
| sprinkle | *wəl |
| towhee | *wəš- |
| oats, wild | *wəš(it’) ka/il- |
| grizzly bear; coyote | *wəšit’ |
| far | *wič’ |
| old (inanimate) | *wihs |
| seed paddle | *wilk |
| roar | *wim |
| coot; shoveler? | *wišil matma |
| drive | *wit |
| bitter | *wit |
| turn | *wit |
| mountain | *wit |
| Eden Valley | *witʔuk’am |
| work | *wit/ʈiyam |
| work | *wiʈ |
| hit by throwing | *wiʈ |
| poison oak | *wiʔil |
| dance | *wok’ |
| bend; stoop | *wos-, *woʔ- |
| pinole | *woʈ’ |
| smoke (N) | *woyam |
| tobacco | *woy(m)ol’ |
| pipe, tobacco | *woy(m)ol’ ʔal |
| bend; stoop | *woʔ-, *wos- |
| progressive | *-y |
| stand (of inanimates) | *yak |
| parching basket | *yəhšam |
| come hither | *yak |
| stand | *yəš |
| name | *yəw |
| build a fire | *yihk |
| fire | *yihkam |
| funeral | *yihkamnam nawanmak |
| play | *yik’ |
| have | *yoʔ |
| stand (of inanimates) | *yoʔk (?) |
| new moon | *yuki- |
| Yuki | *yu·ki |
| shake (ground or tree) | *yuy |
| demonstrative locative suffix | *-y’ |
| interrogative mode | *-ʔa |
| clothes | *ʔač |
| catch; hold | *ʔah |
| grandchildren | *ʔahamčat’ |
| people; person | *ʔahtat |
| wood; stick | *ʔal |
| potato | *ʔalič’ |
| lead; bring (an animal) | *ʔalil |
| baby basket | *ʔalwil |
| always | *ʔan |
| kinterm prefix | *ʔan- |
| mother | *ʔank’an’ |
| brother or sister, older? | *ʔank’ič’ |
| uncle | *ʔank’ikan’ |
| father | *ʔank’un’ |
| urine | *ʔas |
| eat | *ʔaw |
| buzzard | *ʔayam |
| net, to set | *ʔaʔ |
| I (agent) | *ʔə |
| thunder | *ʔəhlawmol’ |
| neck | *ʔəhšil’ |
| slide; crawl | *ʔəhy |
| sharp-edged | *ʔəl |
| guts; intestines | *ʔəm |
| locative | *-ʔəm |
| digging stick; cane | *ʔəms |
| worm, fish | *ʔənam |
| whirl | *ʔənəmk’al- |
| I (agent) | *ʔəp(a) |
| alder | *ʔəpa, *ʔəpi |
| blood | *ʔəs |
| hot | *ʔəs(it’) |
| red | *ʔəsic’ |
| woodpecker, red-headed | *ʔəsiyam |
| belly; stomach | *ʔəsna |
| again; still | *ʔəʈaʔ |
| king salmon | *ʔəyšil |
| uncle | *ʔəʔ |
| near; close | *ʔič’ |
| I (patient); me | *ʔih |
| my (inalienable) | *ʔih(t) |
| mother's sister, my | *ʔihkəs |
| brother-in-law, my | *ʔihlayaʔ |
| daughter, my | *ʔihnayt |
| mother's sister, my | *ʔihnəyt |
| father's (younger) sister, my | *ʔihpəča |
| mother's father, my | *ʔihpit’ |
| father's mother, my | *ʔihpop (*ʔihpəpʔ) |
| father's sister, my | *ʔihpoyam |
| daughter-in-law or mother of daughter-in-law, my | *ʔihsuhʈam |
| brother-in-law, my | *ʔihtəšit’ |
| my (alienable) | *ʔihti, *ʔihta |
| mother's mother, my | *ʔihʈit’ |
| poison | *ʔihwil |
| son-in-law, my | *ʔihwit (*ʔihwiht ?) |
| sister-in-law, my | *ʔihʔihčat’ |
| father's father | *ʔihʔos |
| flour | *ʔikluh |
| louse | *ʔik’ |
| say | *ʔim |
| locative | *-ʔim |
| blind | *ʔimil, *ʔimli- |
| sleep | *ʔin |
| dream | *ʔinam |
| day | *ʔinay’ |
| cloud | *ʔip |
| edge | *ʔiʈ (*ʔihʈ?) |
| grouse | *ʔiʈukam |
| man; men | *ʔiwVp, *ʔiwVs |
| what | *ʔiyika |
| where | *ʔiyim’ |
| when | *ʔiyowan |
| locative | *-ʔiʔ |
| run | *ʔoh |
| breathe | *ʔohtam |
| tree | *ʔol |
| brush | *ʔolam |
| forest | *ʔolhəhin |
| redwood | *ʔolhohʈam |
| mouse, white-footed | *ʔolk(’)a/oʈam |
| hazelnut(s) | *ʔolmam |
| burden basket (man's?) | *ʔolo |
| little; small | *ʔolsil |
| bark (of tree) | *ʔol šil |
| bark (of tree) | *ʔol šoʔ |
| in-law | *ʔolwi(hi)l |
| old (animate) | *ʔolwihs |
| earth; ground; land; dirt | *ʔon |
| melt | *ʔon- |
| south | *ʔonhal’iʔ |
| mud | *ʔonk’at’ |
| scorpion | *ʔonnaw |
| turn over | *ʔon pak |
| mole (animal) | *ʔonpo(ki)yam |
| Sherwood Pomo | *ʔonpot’ilnom’ |
| clay, blue | *ʔon sik’ |
| clouds; fog | *ʔonwal |
| earthquake | *ʔonyuy |
| two | *ʔopaʔ, *ʔopi |
| winnowing basket | *ʔopič’ |
| pigeon | *ʔopli |
| old woman | *ʔot’ |
| ripe | *ʔot’ |
| suck | *ʔot’ |
| suck | *ʔoʈ’ (?) |
| old woman | *ʔoʈ’ (?) |
| frog | *ʔoʈ’, *ʔoʈ’aʔ |
| lungs/back? | *ʔoʈ’am |
| vomit | *ʔoʔ |
| water | *ʔuk’ |
| valley | *ʔuk’am |
| mudhen | *ʔuk’čəy |
| thirsty, be | *ʔuk’ ham |
| ocean | *ʔuk’hohʈ |
| Coast Yuki | *ʔuk’hohʈʔont’ilka |
| otter | *ʔuk’mul |
| watersnake | *ʔuk’pay’sik’i |
| crayfish | *ʔuk’šiš |
| there | *ʔumit |
| man, young; men, young | *ʔummit’, *ʔummis |
| carry on the back | *ʔun |
| quiver | *ʔuna (*ʔuni ?) |
| we (exclusive agent) | *ʔus |
| our | *ʔusah, *ʔusaht |
| wrinkle; shrink | *ʔuš |
| afraid; fear | *ʔuʔ |
| black bear | *ʔuʔmas |