Xukurú word lists:
Xucurú vocabulary from Pompeu (1958),[1] cited from Kurt Nimuendajú:[2][1]
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xucurú |
|---|---|---|
| homem | man | xenúpre |
| mulher | woman | moéla |
| fogo | fire | intôa |
| água | water | teu |
| pedra | stone | kébra |
| cabeça | head | kreká |
| orelha | ear | bandulak |
| bôca | mouth | mãz |
| nariz | nose | korõzá |
| língua | tongue | izarágo |
| dente | tooth | ciladê |
| mão | hand | kereké |
| pé | foot | poyá |
| casa | house | sek |
| olho (olha) | eye (see) | pigó |
These word lists of language varieties from the Serra do Urubá (also known as the Serra do Arorobá or Serra do Ororubá, located in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco) are reproduced from Pompeu Sobrinho (1958).[1]
Below is a vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz in Pesqueira, Pernambuco from his informant Rodrigues de Mendonça, who was originally from the Serra do Urubá:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | "Serra do Urubá" |
|---|---|---|
| cabeça | head | kreká, kri, ká |
| cabeça de vaca | cow head | kreká memêngo |
| chapéu | hat | kriákugo, kriá |
| chuva | rain | kraxixi |
| comida | food | kringó |
| comida boa | good food | kringó konengo |
| cachaça | cachaça (liquor) | irínka |
| bom, boa | good | konengo |
| chefe, mais velho | boss, older | taióp |
| deus | God | tupá |
| faca grande | big knife | xaníko |
| faca pequena | small knife | saquarék |
| homem | man | xiakrók |
| homem branco | white man | karé |
| homem índio | Indian man | xenunpe |
| homem defeituoso | deformed man | jajú |
| fome | hunger | xurák |
| inimigo | enemy | aredirí |
| ir embora | go away | nuntógo |
| mulher | woman | krippó |
| milho | corn | xigó |
| nevoeiro | fog | batukin |
| lua | moon | limolago |
| sol | sun | oraci |
| pedra | stone | krá |
| pedra (em cima da terra) | stone (on top of the earth) | krá xixí |
| pé | foot | poiá |
| defeito | defect | guxú |
| pé defeituoso | defective foot | poiá guxú |
| ruim | bad | aguá, pigó |
| homem branco ruim | bad white man | karé aguá |
| homem branco bom | good white man | karé konengo |
| O inimigo vem aí. | The enemy is coming. | arediri arediri |
Vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz from his informant Pedro Rodrigues, who was originally from the sitio of Gitó in the Serra do Urubá:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Gitó variety |
|---|---|---|
| aguardente | aguardente (liquor) | orinka |
| aldeiamento | village | taiopo maritáro |
| arco (arma) | bow (weapon) | tamaingú, temaigú |
| carne | meat | inxi, ixi |
| fome | hunger | xurák |
| negro (homem) | black (man) | taká |
| cabra | goat | krexkuák jãtarinta |
| negra | black | taká jipu |
| onça | jaguar | jetôme |
| raça, tribo | race, tribe | xekurú |
| marinheiro (estrangeiro) | sailor (foreigner) | karé irut |
| carne | meat | inxin |
| comedor de carne | meat eater | inzin aragogú |
| mentiroso | liar | jupegúgo |
| lua | moon | limolágo |
| sol | sun | orací |
| deus | God | tupá |
| Nossa Senhora | Our Lady (Virgin Mary) | Tamaipí |
Vocabulary collected by José Joaquim in Rio Branco, Pernambuco of a language spoken in the Serra do Urubá:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | "Serra do Urubá" |
|---|---|---|
| bom dia | good morning | degómen |
| cacete | club | kirí, quirí |
| cabeça | head | krêkió |
| batata | potato | baká, koxó |
| altar | altar | oiô |
| canela (tíbia) | cinnamon; tibia | gatí |
| canela fina | fine cinnamon | gatirí |
| cachaça | cachaça (liquor) | urínka |
| ? | ? | urinka karóba |
| mão | hand | kêerakê |
| dedo | finger | atirí, tirí |
| nariz | nose | korõzó |
| espiga (milho) | ear (of corn) | tók, tóque |
| fumo, tabaco | smoke, tobacco | mãjá |
| Como vai? | How are you? | adeusá |
| livro | book | quatirá |
| fino | thin | irí |
| longe | far | tigí |
| ir embora | go away | ombêira |
| livrar-se | get rid of | muntógo |
| feijão | bean | jejá |
| cara, rosto | face | nãí |
| cara feia | ugly face | naiogo |
| negro (homem) | black (man) | taka |
| olhar | look | antiá |
| pano | cloth | mití (?) |
| pano velho (farrapo) | old cloth (rag) | takó |
| mandioca ou macaxeira | cassava or manioc | xaká |
| milho | corn | xigó |
| vertir | pour, spill | tadí |
| roupa | clothes | kunãgo |
| roupa nova | new clothes | tiliká |
| roupa velha | old clothes | takó |
| girau | turned | koiá |
| livro | book | katirá, quatirá |
| tamboeira (de milho) | poorly sprouted corn | boró tiga |
| espiga de milho | corn cob | tiga gugá |
Xukuru is also known from a word list elicited in 1961 by Paul Wagner from Antônio Caetano do Nascimento, the chief of Brazinho village in the Serra Urubu of Pesqueira, Pernambuco State. The list is reproduced below, with English translations also given.[3]
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xukuru |
|---|---|---|
| água | water | křikišε |
| arco | bow | fřεša |
| azul | blue | ιniyε |
| bebo | I drink | taiyε̨ |
| fazer beber | to drink | uřιnka/o |
| boca | mouth | opigomə̨ |
| branco | white | piřaːša |
| carne de boi | beef | iːša de mařiñu |
| carne de porco | pork | iːša de pʰužu |
| casa | home | šεkI / šεkʰ |
| está chovendo | it is raining | křišišε |
| cobra | snake | katə̨go / šabatə̨na / sązařa |
| comer (fazer) | eat | křιŋgɔ |
| corda (de índio) | rope (of Indian) | kəšta |
| correr (fazer) | run | mutəgo |
| dia | day | 'aːdamε |
| dormir | to sleep | muřiša |
| flecha | arrow | bεštə |
| fogo | fire | kiya |
| fumo | smoke | mažε |
| fumando (fazendo) | smoking | ε/ιštə̨ŋgu |
| joelho | knee | žəže |
| lua | moon | kιlaRmɔ |
| machado | axe | takɔ de supapʰo |
| mãe | mother | tšiɔkɔ |
| mandioca | cassava | iːəmu |
| farinha de mandioca | cassava flour | įəmu |
| matar | kill | kopago/u |
| menino | boy | ambεkO / křipʰu/i |
| milho | corn | šιgu / šiːgřu / siːgu |
| morto (defunto) | dead (deceased) | kupʰu |
| mulher / moça | woman / girl | ɔkřιpi / tšɔkɔ |
| nariz | nose | šikřį |
| noite | night | batukį |
| noite clara | clear night | kilařižmąų / kιlařižmąų |
| noite sem luar | moonless night | batřokį / batokį |
| nuvem | cloud | nǫmbřu |
| olho | eye | aloži / lə̨že/ε |
| pai | dad | taiɔpʰu |
| panela de barro | clay pot | mɔiː |
| pau | stick | křə̨ži |
| pé | foot | poiya |
| pés-de-bode | goat feet | poia de mε̨mε̨ŋgo |
| pedra | stone | kařašiši / kašiši / kebřə |
| pequeno | small | křeɔ |
| perna fina | thin leg | žatiři |
| pessoa ruim | bad person | taːnañago |
| piolho | louse | kuša |
| preta | black woman | takažu křεga |
| preto | black man | takažu pu |
| sangue | blood | bǫdąso |
| sol | sun | aːdɔmε |
| terra | earth | lιmulagu |
| velho | old | iakɔ / taiəpu / přɔ |
| vem cá | come here | iąkɔ / iə̨nkɔ |
| verde | green | piřaša / takaιnyε |
| abóbora | pumpkin | porou |
| até logo | see you later | ambeřa |
| banana | banana | pakɔvɔ |
| beiju | beiju | šɔšɔgu |
| bicho-de-pé | chigoe flea (Tunga penetrans) | bušu / bušudu |
| bode | goat | mε̨mε̨ŋgo |
| boi | ox | mařį |
| bolsa | handbag | aiyɔ |
| bom-dia | good morning | břεmε̨/æ̨ |
| brasa | ember | toe |
| brigar (mentir?) (fazer) | fight (lie?) | ařago |
| cabaça | gourd | kuřekɔ/a |
| caboclo | caboclo | taispu/U |
| caboclo velho | old caboclo | přɔ / sanumpI/i |
| cachaça | cachaça | uřiːka žɔgu |
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | šaduřε |
| café | coffee | fǫfǫ |
| cágado | tortoise | šabutε |
| cansado | tired | nanəgu |
| carneiro | ram | labudu |
| cavalo | horse | pitšιŋgə |
| chapéu | hat | křeakřugu |
| chefe | chief | přə |
| chorando | crying | šualya |
| cintura | waist | hododoːgu |
| dar na cabeça | give in the head | kupago |
| dinheiro | money | εntaiu |
| doce | sweet | kažuřə |
| duas horas da tarde | two o'clock in the afternoon | ŋgutimæ |
| escuro | dark | bətukį / batyukį |
| espingarda | shotgun | kašuvemini / nazařinə |
| espírito (homem) | spirit (of man) | kopʰu ařaga |
| fava | fava bean | kuřikə |
| feijão | bean | saka |
| fica quieto | stay quiet | naiyεtigořε / naiyε biago |
| fome (está com) | hungry (be) | šuřakI/i |
| fósforo | match (lighter) | křiya |
| galinha | chicken | tapuka |
| gato | cat | žetona |
| gato do mato / leão | wildcat / lion | tə̨tə̨ŋgu / tątągu |
| homem mal feito | ugly man | křugu/i |
| ladrão | thief | šikřεgugu |
| lagartinha | small caterpillar | kuřišiba |
| lenha | firewood | křə̨ži |
| língua dos Xukurus | Xukuru language | břɔbɔ |
| maça | apple | kuřikɔ |
| madeira | wood | křə̨ž |
| mentira | a lie (not truth) | uːegwe |
| mulata | mulatto | křεšuagu |
| nome da tribo | Xukuru tribe | šukuřuiz |
| Nossa Senhora | Our Lady (Virgin Mary) | təməį |
| Nosso Senhor | Our Lord (Jesus) | tupə̨ |
| onça / rato | jaguar / rat | pipʰiu |
| padre | father | pažε |
| panela / jarro | pot / pitcher | mə̨yį |
| patim | skate | iːə̨kə̨ |
| pato | duck | tapukə |
| peba | drink | šabutε / šababutε |
| peru | turkey | papιsaka / isaka |
| ponto de boi | point of ox | kakřiə̨kʰɔ |
| porco | pig | pužu |
| prato de barro | clay plate | šεtkibųgu |
| preá | price | bεŋo / bεŋgo |
| prender (fez) | catch | abřeřa |
| com raiva | angry | mařau |
| rapadura | rapadura | kařuža |
| rede | net | tipʰoia |
| roubar (fazer) | steal | ařagu / šιkřugu / šikřεgu |
| roupa (genérico) | clothing (generic) | takʰɔ |
| roupa rasgada | rags, ripped clothing | takə ařagu |
| saia | skirt | tinəŋgɔ |
| sapato | shoe | šaba |
| sapo | toad | sařapə |
| sede | thirst | sεři |
| soldado | soldier | ařεdæři / kəmakwį |
| titica | useless | ižari / šapřuiz |
| titica grande | very useless | žaři |
| trovão | thunder | təkəmařu / takəmařau |
| urinar | urinate | žιgu |
| urubu | vulture | gřaːsia |
| vai dar de corpo | will give body | šιkumə |
| viagem (fazer) | travel | ųbřeːřa / muntəgu |
The following Xucuru words are from Geraldo Lapenda (1962). The data was collected by Raimundo Dantas Carneiro and Cícero Cavalcanti. (Xukuru also has nasalized vowels. Lapenda (1962) transcribes nasalized vowels as Vn (orthographic vowel followed by n).)[4]
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Xucuru |
|---|---|---|
| água | water | téw, kaité |
| água, rio | water, river | xakr |
| animal, boi | animal, ox | amank |
| arapuá | Trigona spinipes bee | suska |
| arma de fogo | gun, firearm | tuman-igú (tu-man-i-gú) |
| banana | banana | akôbra |
| barriga | belly | mayópó, tuyá |
| bébado | drunk, intoxicated | tan-yen |
| boa tarde! | good afternoon! | lakutmen |
| bode, cabra | goat | menmengo (men-men-go) |
| boi | ox | gahanxo (ga-han-xo), marinha (ma-rin-ha) |
| bom | good | konengo, pirara |
| bom dia! | good morning! | komenmen |
| brasa, fogo | ember, fire | xetkubú |
| cabeça | head | kréká |
| cabelo | hair | avenko, exék, unj |
| cacete | club, bludgeon | konkré, ximbó |
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | makringó, xanduré |
| cachimbo do ritual | ritual pipe | xanduré |
| cachorro | dog | jabrêgo |
| cacique | chief, indigenous leader | nekrètá |
| cadáver | corpse | kapxégo |
| café | coffee | zinbaw |
| carne | meat, beef | inxa |
| carneiro | ram | zangzag |
| carnívoro | carnivore | zmaragúgo |
| casa | home | xako |
| chapéu (coberta da cabeça) | hat (head covering) | kré agúgo |
| chover | rain (verb) | krikxé |
| comer, comida | eat, food | kringó |
| copular | copulate | uyuingo |
| correr | run | montógo, onbrêra |
| de manhã | in the morning | in bemen |
| de noite | in the night | in tataramen |
| de tarde | in the afternoon | in kutmen |
| defecar | defecate | xikúgo |
| Deus | God | Putú, Paité |
| dinheiro | money | itay |
| dizer | say | nennen (nen-nen) |
| doce | sweet | tuxá |
| doente, doença | sick, illness | tayrgêgo |
| dormir | sleep | gon-yá (gon-yá) |
| espancar, matar | beat, kill | kupágo |
| espirito | spirit | jetó |
| faca | knife | sakwaren, tilôa |
| farinha de mandioca | cassava flour | amun (a-mún) |
| feijão | bean | saká |
| feio | ugly | katongo, waga |
| feiticeiro | sorcerer | jubêgo |
| filho | son | akó |
| fogo | fire | itôka |
| fome, faminto, ter fome | hungry | xurak |
| frio | cold | xiá |
| fumaça | smoke (noun) | (chaminé) ximinéw |
| fumar | smoke (verb) | stongo |
| fumar durante o rito | to smoke during a ritual | jiton |
| gado | cattle | xafangú, amank |
| gato | cat | jetonm (je-ton-m) |
| gato-do-mato | oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) | tantango |
| guloso, gula | greedy, gluttony | inbrugúgo |
| homem branco | white man | karé |
| índio | Indian | xennunpr (xen-nun-pr) |
| intestino, ventre | intestine, womb | mayópó |
| invocar os espíritos | invoke the spirits | jetó jéti |
| ladrão | thief | xuhégo |
| lua | moon | klarihmon |
| marido | husband | aríderí |
| matar | kill | arágo |
| mau | bad | awixo, irú, inbrugúgo |
| mau, feio | bad, ugly | waga |
| melancia | watermelon | befêw |
| menino | boy | jéút, mayópípo |
| mentiroso, mentira, mentir | liar, lie | jupegúgo, xupegúgo |
| milho | corn | jigo, xigo |
| mocó (animal) | rock cavy | koriko pexerumen |
| não | no | biá |
| não falar | not talk | non-yen biá |
| nariz | nose | axéko, xikrin |
| negro | black | mankwé, jupú, taka, gon-yé |
| Nossa Senhora | Our Lady | Taminn (ta-min-n) |
| Nossa Senhora das Montanhas | Our Lady of the Mountains | Taman-ín-a (ta-man-in-a) |
| Nosso Senhor | Our Lord | Papá Duá |
| ôlho | eye | axó, pigamnan |
| onça | jaguar | wanmanx (wan-man-x), lanprêgo |
| ovelha | sheep | burudo, zangzag |
| pé | foot | poyá |
| pedra | stone | kwêbra, krekré |
| pequeno | small | akrugó, bibí, gingin, krinin, kuit |
| peru | turkey | teadusaka |
| pinto | chick | kréun-inxo (kré-ún-in-xo) |
| preá | price | bengo, koriko mandumen |
| prender | catch | ajigo |
| rapazola | boy (big for his age) | awiko |
| reunião ritual | ritual meeting | inkant |
| rito | ritual | prayá |
| sal | salt | lungin (lun-gin), ínkin |
| sol | sun | murasi |
| tatu-bola | armadillo | manntú (man-n-tú) |
| terra | earth | lemolahgo, kraxixi |
| tícaca | opossum (type of) | fekiá |
| timbu, gambá | opossum | totiko, utxaká |
| tripa | intestines | madgoz |
| urinar | urinate | xabrêgo |
| velha | old woman | wakó |
| velho | old man | pró, tayópo |
| venha cá | come here | iankwan |
| vento forte | strong wind | xuá |
| vinho de jurema | jurema liquor | jusa |
The following Shukurú words are from Loukotka (1949). The data is from a 137-word manuscript list collected by Curt Nimuendajú in 1934 from 4 elderly semi-speakers in Pernambuco. The list was obtained by Loukotka in 1940.[5]
| French gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Shukurú |
|---|---|---|
| chien | dog | ʒebrégo |
| dent | tooth | tʃilodé |
| eau | water | téu |
| femme | woman | moéla |
| feu | fire | intóa |
| hache | axe | tilóa |
| homme | man | ʃenũprĕ |
| jaguar | jaguar | lamprémp |
| langue | tongue | ĩʃ-arágŏ |
| main | hand | koreké |
| maïs | maize | ʃígŭ |
| maison | house | ʃek |
| manioc | cassava | ʃakurarágŭ |
| manger | eat | kreŋgô |
| oreille | ear | bandalák |
| pied | foot | poyá |
| pierre | stone | kéiba |
| pot | pot | koréka |
| serpent | snake | saŋsála |
| tabac | tobacco | mãʒé |
| tête | head | kreká |