Tinigua word lists:
Tinigua vocabulary as compiled by Castellví (1940) from the following four sources:[1]
Spanish gloss | Fructuoso de Manresa | Estanislao de Les Corts | Marcelino de Castellví | Francisco de Igualada |
---|---|---|---|---|
abuelo | ljúɖẽ | |||
adiós! | maxá | |||
agua | ɲikwáɪʃi | |||
aguacero | noʈáɪʃi | |||
ají | ʈáxa | |||
amigo | xapaɪtoχi | |||
aquel | χi tʃaáɪki | |||
araña | paʊwa | |||
árbol | xaɪɲíχi | kíχi | ||
árbol cuya corteza sirve á la fabricación de los cajas do tambores | pãmpudã́xãs | |||
arbolito | kítʃa | |||
arco | xaɪsúsa | |||
arroyo | ki'a | |||
balsa | yísétimé | |||
beber | yaɲíkwa | |||
bien | xayoási | |||
blanco (color) | xaʈomwéɪ, aɖáme | |||
mujer blanca | palo ɲísa | |||
boca | kíwa | |||
bodoquera | xalúʈa[ | |||
brujo | xóno | |||
bueno | ayuxáɪ, 'ayuxaɪ | |||
buenos días | miáɪ laméa, miéχé míχí | |||
buenas tardes | miχe méa | |||
cabeza | ʒiti, ziti | |||
caimán | káamáto | |||
caminar | naxáɪ | |||
camino | kwa-naxáɪ | |||
caminé | kwa-naxáɪ | |||
camina! | ma-naxáɪ | |||
camino | náʈo | |||
casa | kiko | |||
cazabe | batʃá, xaatʃá | |||
colorado | xaʔzáni | |||
comer | maiyó | jío | ||
como | gwá | |||
danta | xópze | |||
diente | yólo | |||
dios | xaŋiney | |||
el | χi, χiki | |||
ellos | χikxa | |||
espiritu (genio) | pankianóso | |||
este | xaʔiki, χiki | |||
estrella | bósa, úlxo | |||
flecha | xatúta | |||
fuego | itʃísa | panási | ||
muchas gracias! | gwási wawíxa | |||
grande | xayúɪ | xáyu | ||
hacha | gwáɲä | |||
hombre (blanco ó indio) | xãnóso | ʈeʈeyã́ | ||
hombres (blancos ó) indios) | ||||
hombre indio | tinígwa | |||
hombres indios | tinigwása | |||
idioma de los Tinigua | tinigua | |||
jaguar | tʃíɲa | jíɲa, χíɲa | ||
jaguares | χiɲása | |||
lengua | tiɲóza | |||
luna | xaʈíɲixo, xáʈé | |||
maiz | t'óka | |||
manijas del tambor | gwãgwiyṍ | |||
mano | kwána, pwána | |||
mono | xamúɪki | xamukíe | ||
mono tití | yíso | |||
muchachil | ɲisa nẽpsə | |||
muchacho | ʈeʈeya nəzə | |||
mujer | ɲíza | ɲísa | ||
negro (color) | atʃándi | |||
niño | nobsejá | |||
niños | nobsejáma | |||
nosotros | χikwáxa, χikwáxä | |||
ojo | zuti, zəti | |||
olla | xobdwéna | |||
oreja | tʃaʔäɖä́tä, zazä́tä | |||
padre | ʈa, táta | |||
pajaro | ɖéɖá | |||
guacamayo | mága | |||
pequeño | mnóye | |||
pequeña casa | neo-ko | |||
perro | xámiu, xámno | |||
pescado | deä́ʃä | |||
píe | ʈekiénä | ɖiki | ||
pie | dikisä | |||
piedra | ɲiʈáxa, úiʈása | |||
piel del tambor | nõbãni kwãtã́ʈẽ | |||
piña | ɖẽẽká | |||
plátano | mandóxa | |||
quien? | mne'á | |||
río | xayúki'a | |||
rio afluente del Guayabero | atunia | |||
sapo | pimbi | |||
serpiente | ʈófä | tsofa, tsoxua | ||
serpiente canang-ucha | gwí'ó | |||
sol | ɲíxo | ɲiéxo | ||
tabaco | yakóɲä | |||
tambor | kãʈãtí | |||
tierra | togwána | tokwána | ||
todos | tiána | |||
tu | kã́zə, káɖa | |||
venado | ɖéxa | |||
venados | ɖéxama | |||
viejo | tíni | |||
vosotros | kapséxa, kázə, kapséxä | |||
yo | χíkwa | |||
yuca | komáxa | kómä | ||
1 | kíyi, kíyé | kiíe | ||
2 | xä́ɖá | xáɖa | ||
3 | xáɖa kíye, xaɖakiá, ʈakiáxa | ɖapéχi | ||
4 | xãpãsãɲú, xapásaɲú | pasaɲú | ||
5 | xopakuáxa | opakwã́xä | ||
6 | ifwaʈo kuáxa, efwaʈósä | eufwaʈosä | ||
7 | xáɪó páɪtió | yopänjo | ||
8 | fwaɪése, ɖapéχi ɖaɪu padʃu | fwayése | ||
9 | kiɖase, paʈó ɖwaxá, kiʈase páɪʃikinísa | kiɖáse | ||
10 | kiʈase, ʃemaʈóse | tʃimatóse | ||
11 | tʃimatóse kiésä | |||
12 | tʃimatóse xä̃́ɖä | |||
13 | tʃimatóse ɖapéχi | |||
20 | xä́ɖä tʃimatóse | |||
21 | xä́ɖä tʃimatóse kiésä | |||
30 | ɖapéχi tʃimatóse |
The following is a 100-item Swadesh list of Tinigua from Bolaños (2023), elicited from Sixto Muñoz (Tinigua name: Sɨsɨthio ‘knife’), the final remaining speaker of Tinigua, in 2019.[2]
No. | English gloss | Tinigua | notes |
---|---|---|---|
1. | I | híkʷa | |
2. | you (sg) | kázɨ | |
3. | we | hikʷáʔa ~ hikʷáha | |
4. | this | hángi | |
5. | that | híkʰá | |
6. | who | nıʔ́ ̵ a | |
7. | what | kaɲígahe ~ kaɲí | |
8. | not | hégʷa | neg2 |
9. | all (of a set) | tʰiána | |
10. | many | hajusi ~ ajútsɨ ~ ajusi | |
11. | one | kíʔ-je | verb: be one, be first |
12. | two | hatsajtʃa ~ hátsa | |
13. | big | hajjúko | |
14. | long (not wide) | hatsı́ ̵ | be long/far/distant |
15. | small | nıó ̵ | be small |
16. | woman | ɲísa | |
17. | man (adult male human) | tsɨtsía | |
18. | person (individual human) | hanoso | |
19. | fish (noun) | zɨsóha | pl; zɨsó + =ha pl |
20. | bird | tsɨtsáha | pl; tsɨtsá + =ha pl |
21. | dog | hanú | |
22. | louse | hisía | |
23. | tree (not log) | kíhi | |
24. | seed (noun) | ɲihósea | ɲihó ‘to plant’, -sea nmlz |
25. | leaf (botanics) | kʰiwíha | khiwí + =ha pl; probably etymologically ‘tree+clf:leaf+pl’ |
26. | root (botanics) | kiʔtʰáha | kiʔthá + =ha pl |
27. | bark (of tree) | ||
28. | skin | kʷátatsa | |
29. | flesh (meat, flesh) | handá ɲisá | handá ‘part of’? |
30. | blood | hahájkʰía | haháj + kʰía ‘river’ |
31. | bone | kʰitʰáh | related to ‘root’? |
32. | grease (fat, organic substance) | ||
33. | egg | mákʰikʰí | may contain -kʰí clf:liquid |
34. | horn (of bull, etc.) | ||
35. | tail | matsíɸʷajtʃa | may contain -tʃa clf:long/pointed |
36. | feather (large, not down) | hatsówi | may contain part of the word khiwí ‘leaf’ |
37. | hair (of human head) | zozíha | zozí + =ha pl |
38. | head (anatomic) | jɨéte | |
39. | ear | tʃátsɨtoa | |
40. | eye | sıt́ ̵ i | |
41. | nose | kʰízɨsɨ | |
42. | mouth | kíwa | |
43. | tooth (front, rather than molar) | jióto | may contain -tʰo/-to clf:heavy/sturdy |
44. | tongue (anatomical) | tʰinútsa | may contain -tsa clf:bunch |
45. | claw | ||
46. | foot | sıḱ ̵ ina | may contain -na clf:long/round |
47. | knee | tʰízɨsa | |
48. | hand | kʷáʔana | may contain -na clf:long/round |
49. | belly (lower part of body, abdomen) | jamako | |
50. | neck (not nape) | ||
51. | breasts | jáʔzɨná | may contain -na clf:long/round |
52. | heart | jihéʔ | |
53. | liver | máʔzɨʔná | may contain -na clf:long/round |
54. | drink (v.) | jaɲekʷá | |
55. | eat | jiʔú | |
56. | bite | hakʷı́ ̵ | |
57. | see | ɲɨnzı́ ̵ | |
58. | hear | kʰahá | |
59. | know | kʰahá | |
60. | sleep | ɲiná | |
61. | die | ɲimá | |
62. | kill | pakʷá | |
63. | swim | ɲisı́ ̵ | |
64. | fly (v.) | jakʷjní | |
65. | walk | kiwá | |
66. | come | nakú | |
67. | lie (on side, recline) | hatʃí | |
68. | sit | hútʰjoí | |
69. | stand | ||
70. | give | nahánika | |
71. | say | jajé hawá | also ‘think’ |
72. | sun | ɲíɸo | |
73. | moon | hatsı́ ̵ ɲíɸo | lit. ‘far sun’ |
74. | star | ʋṍsa | The sound /ʋ/ is not otherwise attested in other Tinigua words; this word is possibly a borrowing. |
75. | water (n.) | ɲikʷájtʃe | |
76. | rain (n.) | hatʰokútʃe | |
77. | stone | ɲitsátsa | may contain -sa clf:bunch |
78. | sand | tʃipawína | may contain -na clf:long/round |
79. | earth (soil) | towána | |
80. | cloud haɲíj | natʰí | cf. haɲí ‘be up/above’ |
81. | smoke (n., of fire) | sɨnátʰi | |
82. | fire | hikʰítsa | may contain -tsa clf:long/pointed |
83. | ash(es) | ||
84. | burn (v.) | kʰaɸʷá | |
85. | path | nátsɨ | |
86. | mountain | ||
87. | red (color) | hatsambá | ‘be red’ |
88. | green | hasɨtsá | ‘be green’ |
89. | yellow | hasaná | ‘be yellow’ |
90. | white | hatsamá | |
91. | black | hatʃandá | ‘be black/dark’ |
92. | night | hapıj́ ̵ tʃa | also ‘late’ |
93. | hot | hanzá | ‘be hot’ |
94. | cold | hotsı́ ̵ | |
95. | full | hajítʰo | may contain -tʰo, clf:heavy/sturdy |
96. | new | ||
97. | good | hajohási ~ ajohási | |
98. | round | ||
99. | dry | hapawú | ‘be dry’ |
100. | name | jawú | be called/named |
Other words elicited from Sixto Muñoz in 2019, as recorded by Bolaños (2023):
English gloss | Tinigua | notes |
---|---|---|
jaguar | kʰíɲa ~ tʃíɲa | |
corn | jóʔhá | |
manioc | komáha | |
let's go | minahá | |
chili pepper | tsákha | |
plantain | mandótha | |
spirit | hamajiéha | |
five | tsátokwahá | tsátho-kwaʔa ‘left.side-hand’ |
eleven | tapásaɲóha |